新型碳纤维复合材料综框的铺层设计与动力学特性研究

为了提高织机车速,降低织造过程中的振动和噪声,将复合材料层合板应用于综框结构设计,给出了单层板的本构关系与力学计算方法。在ANSYS平台上设计了三种铺层方案,采用shell181单元模拟碳纤维复合材料的分层结构,计算出了不同分层方案的低阶固有频率和振型,并与铝合金综框作了比较。分析结果表明,采用6层非对称层合板结构(即铺层方案二)时,综框具有最佳动力学特性,不仅使综框基频提高了19.48 Hz,而且使其自重减轻了约26.82%,在实现轻量化设计的同时有效增强了综框的抗振性。     

基于Hypersizer的复合材料结构铺层设计和铺层过渡设计

针对复合材料各向异性严重导致设计困难的问题,采用复合材料结构分析与设计软件Hypersizer建立模型,进行铺层设计和铺层过渡设计。首先,将仿真模型划分成不同的设计区域,根据不同设计区域的受载情况进行分析计算,设计铺层厚度、铺层比例和铺层顺序。接着在铺层过渡区设计铺层递减方式,并按照铺层设计原则重新调整原先的铺层。最终得出满足符合工程实际要求的最佳铺层和铺层过渡。     

含对称穿透分层损伤复合材料层合板准三维分析

采用以准三维模型为基础的非线性有限元,研究了具有对称穿透分层损伤的复合材料层合板在均匀面内压缩载荷作用下的后屈曲变形,并结合虚裂纹闭合技术（ＶＣＣＴ）,计算了分层前缘的层间能量释放率各型分量。数值分析表明,含对称中心分层损伤斜交铺层复合材料的层合板在压缩载荷作用下,其分层扩展能量释放率与分层子板压缩方向上的刚度有关。     

固体火箭发动机复合材料壳体破坏分析及优化

利用有限元计算软件ANSYS对轴向压力和弯矩联合作用下某型号固体火箭发动机复合材料壳体组合结构进行数值模拟。数值计算与实验结果对比分析表明:由于原结构的复合材料铺层设计不够合理,造成部分复合材料铺层局部应力过大,而导致结构未达到设计载荷即发生局部失效破坏。本文在结合实验分析和实物模型数值模拟计算的基础上,提出两种措施对原结构进行优化改进:增加局部补强纵向铺层数目以提高局部承载能力,从而提高整体承载能力;改变个别铺层材料以增强该层材料本身承载能力,最终提高整体承载能力。数值计算结果显示,两种改进结构均能提高整体结构承载能力15%～20%,实物实验表明改进结构可达到原结构设计承载能力的115%以上。     

冲击载荷下Ti/CFRP层合板结构的数值模拟分析

为了研究钛合金/碳纤维增强复合材料(Ti/CFRP)层合板结构的抗冲击性能,采用基于三维Hashin准则的VUMAT材料子程序模拟复合材料层合板的损伤失效,采用内聚力单元模拟层合板与钛合金之间的胶层,采用Johnson-Cook本构模型模拟钛合金的塑性变形及失效,建立了Ti/CFRP层合板结构的冲击损伤有限元模型。分别讨论了冲击动能、钛板的厚度及复合材料的铺层角度等因素对层合板结构的抗冲击性能的影响,结果显示增加钛板的厚度可以有效提高层合板结构的抗冲击性能,Ti/CFRP层合板结构承受冲击载荷发生损伤失效时,失效模式以基体失效与拉伸分层失效为主,合理选择铺层角度可以改善复合材料层合板的抗冲击性能。分析结果可为Ti/CFRP层合板结构的设计及工程应用提供参考。     

复合材料层合板铺层顺序优化遗传算法

采用遗传算法进行复合材料层合板的铺层顺序优化设计，即采用整数编码方式，并对解码进行特殊处理以满足平衡铺层要求；通过父代与子代竞争延长了父代个体寿命，使优良基因有更多机会遗传给下一代；遍历所有分析过的个体信息以减少计算量，算例表明，改进的遗传算法是有效的。     

复合材料层合板机械连接失效分析及铺层优化

介绍了一种复合材料层合板单钉连接的有限元简化模型，并基于这种模型对5种不同铺层比例的层合板进行计算分析。对计算所得应力结果采用Tsai-Wu判据进行失效判断，并绘出强度比曲线进行分析，得出其中最优的铺层比例方案。通过与实验结论的比较，验证了这种方法的有效性。根据强度比曲线分布，分析铺层比例对层合板机械连接强度的影响规律，并由此得到提高层合板机械连接强度的方法。最后通过一个例子说明了这种铺层优化方法的有效性。     

复合材料加筋圆柱壳分支屈曲研究

考虑铺层的耦合效应和筋条的扭转效应，推导了复合材料加筋层合柱壳的稳定性计算公式，研究了加筋柱壳各项设计参数对屈曲性能的影响．由计算结果总结的规律可以指导复合材料铺层设计和选择结构形式，并为定量计算提供理论依据     

复合材料加筋圆柱壳分层屈曲研究

考虑铺层的耦合效应和筋条的扭转效应，推导了复合材料加筋层合柱壳的稳定性计算公式，研究了加筋柱壳各项设计参数对屈曲性能的影响。由计算结果总结的规律可以指导复合材料铺层设计和选择结构形式，并为定量计算提供理论依据。     

平纹编织复合材料层板单面挖补修理的附加铺层分析研究及试验验证

针对平纹编织复合材料在航空中的不断应用与该类型层板维修研究的缺失性,根据不同附加铺层的平纹编织复合材料层板维修工况,进行了三维有限元模型分析计算,制订了综合母板、胶层、补片的多重失效准则,并进行了相应的试验验证,得到结论如下:附加层的铺设对于提高修补板强度有积极的效果,试验中发现增加附加铺层数会由于粘接区域的增加,而导致更多的维修缺陷影响恢复效果,建议修理中附加铺层数不宜过多;铺层条件下的平纹编织碳纤维/环氧材料层板结构最佳附加铺层为一层,结构最高修复强度恢复率达到了65.57%,该结论也可为其他类型的平纹编织复合材料层板维修提供参考。分析过程中采用的三维有限元修补模型得到的强度值和破坏区域与试验数据基本吻合,说明计算模型与失效准则能够满足维修设计的需求,为实际修理提供较为准确的参考指标。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-