低发射率SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体的制备和红外隐身性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备非晶态和结晶态两种相结构的SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体,通过X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜等手段对纳米复合粉体结构和形貌进行表征,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪研究纳米复合粉体的红外隐身性能.结果表明：两种相结构的SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体均呈不规则颗粒状,其中结晶态SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体的平均晶粒尺寸约为18 nm；结晶态SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体在2.5~25μm波长范围内的红外发射率均低于非晶态复合粉体,3~5μm内发射率平均值为45.65%,8~14μm内发射率平均值为46.19%,是一种低发射率的红外隐身复合纳米材料.     

添加Co3O4纳米颗粒引起的残余结构应变对粉末冶金制备的Al/Co3O4纳米复合材料的结构、硬度和磁性能的影响

Al composites are of interest due to their appropriate ratio of strength to weight. In our research, an Al/Co₃O₄ nanocomposite was generated using a sintering technique. The powders of Al with various Co₃O₄ nanoparticle contents (0wt%, 0.5wt%, 1.0wt%, 1.5wt%, 2.0wt%, and 2.5wt%) were first blended using planetary milling for 30 min, and compressed in a cylindrical steel mold with a diameter of 1 cm and a height of 5 cm at a pressure of 80 MPa. The samples were evaluated with X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Vickers hardness, and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Although the crystallite size of the Al particles remained constant at 7–10 nm, the accumulation of nanoparticles in the Al particle interspace increased the structural tensile strain from 0.0045 to 0.0063, the hardness from HV 28 to HV 52 and the magnetic saturation from 0.044 to 0.404 emu/g with an increase in Co₃O₄ nanoparticle content from 0wt% to 2.5wt%.     

微胞结构复合材料界面的TEM研究

利用TEM研究了通过放电等离子烧结（Spark Plasma Sintering,SPS）方法制备的AlMnCe/Al2O3微胞结构金属/陶瓷纳米复合材料界面的微观结构。结果表明,Al2O3纳米粉末在放电局域高温作用下形成了胞壁烧结体相,纳米Al2O3胞壁层与AlMnCe胞体合金之间有70 nm的熔渗过渡区,界面结合良好。纳米Al2O3胞壁层的烧结暗示SPS烧结条件下的温度分布具有明显的微观局域性差异,界面处有放电引起的短时高温经历。     

纳米Al2O3改性酚醛树脂在汽车制动摩擦材料上的应用

用偶联剂KH570对纳米Al2O3进行表面处理,经透射电镜检测,发现纳米Al2O3能够均匀有效地分散在酚醛树脂中,并确定了纳米Al2O3质量为树脂质量的6%时分散性最好.运用共混的方法,对酚醛树脂进行纳米Al2O3改性处理,分析了纳米Al2O3的质量为树脂质量的2%,4%,6%,8%和10%时,改性酚醛树脂对汽车制动摩擦材料性能的影响.结果表明:经过表面处理的纳米Al2O3改性醛醛树脂,当纳米Al2O3质量为树脂质量的6%时,酚醛树脂的性能提升最明显,酚醛树脂的热分解温度提高了41℃,且降低失重率,纳米Al2O3改性酚醛树脂制备的摩擦材料的摩擦系数最稳定,具有较低的磨损率.     

机械化学还原法制备Al_2O_3-Mo_3Si/Mo_5Si_3纳米复合粉体

以MoO3、Si粉和Al粉为原料,采用机械化学还原法制备了Al2O3-Mo3Si/Mo5Si3纳米复合粉体.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、激光粒度分析仪(LPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和差热-热重分析(DTA-TG)等对复合粉体和球磨过程中粉体的固态反应过程进行表征.结果显示,MoO3-Si-Al混合粉体球磨5h后转变为Al2O3-Mo3Si/Mo5Si3复合粉体,反应为机械诱导的自蔓延反应.球磨20h后,Mo3Si、Mo5Si3和Al2O3的晶粒尺寸分别为27.5、23.3和31.8nm,产物具有纳米晶结构,粉体平均粒度为3.988μm,颗粒呈球形,分布均匀.DTA分析表明,复合粉体在机械化学反应过程中首先发生MoO3和Al之间的铝热反应,之后将发生一系列Mo和Si之间的反应,生成Mo5Si3和Mo3Si.     

微波-超声法制备α-Al_2O_3纳米粉体的研究

通过X-射线衍射、扫描电镜及透射电镜,研究了结合微波-超声的溶胶-凝胶法制备α-Al2O3纳米粉体,并探讨了该制备条件下α-Al2O3晶种的引入对产物相变的影响.结果表明:该法能制备出外观呈球形、粒径分布比较均匀、粒径约15 nm的α-Al2O3,且实验快速、简便;而引入α-Al2O3晶种,能促进θ-Al2O3向α-Al2O3转变,并能有效降低产物相变温度,当引入量为2%时,1 000℃煅烧并恒温2 h的产物全部为α-Al2O3.     

铜铟硒纳米粉体的水热合成与表征

以水为溶剂、CuCl2,InCl3和Se粉为反应物、NaBH4为还原剂采用低温水热法在200℃反应18h得到了CuInSe2纳米粉末.用X射线粉末衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜对粉体的结构、形貌、成分进行表征.研究表明:所生成纳米粉末的平均颗粒直径在100nm左右;反应温度和时间对产物的生成和形貌有重要影响,在200℃以上反应有利于获得黄铜矿型CuInSe2纳米粉末的纯相,且产物的尺寸随着反应时间的延长而增大.并对CuInSe2粉体的形成机理进行了简单探讨.     

In situ (α-Al2O3+ZrB2)/Al composites with network distribution fabricated by reaction hot pressing

In situ (α-Al2O3+ZrB2)/Al composites with network distribution were fabricated using low-energy ball milling and reaction hot pressing. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was used to study the reaction mechanisms in the Al–ZrO2–B system. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to investigate the composite phases, morphology, and microstructure of the composites. The effect of matrix network size on the microstructure and mechani-cal properties was investigated.The results show that the optimum sintering parameters to complete reactions in the Al–ZrO2–B system are 850℃ and 60 min.In situ-synthesizedα-Al2O3 and ZrB2 particles are dispersed uniformly around Al particles, forming a network micro-structure; the diameters of theα-Al2O3 and ZrB2 particles are approximately 1–3μm. When the size of Al powder increases from 60–110μm to 150–300μm, the overall surface contact between Al powders and reactants decreases, thereby increasing the local volume fraction of re-inforcements from 12% to 21%. This increase of the local volume leads to a significant increase in microhardness of thein situ (α-Al2O3–ZrB2)/Al composites from Hv 163 to Hv 251.     

Fe3O4@SiO2磁性纳米粒子的制备及表征

用多元醇还原法制备出平均粒径为6.0 nm的Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,并用盐酸溶液(1 mol/L)对其进行酸化处理,然后利用反相微乳液法,在Op-10/正丁醇/环己烷/浓氨水反相微乳体系中制备出Fe3O4@SiO2磁性纳米复合粒子.利用X射线衍射(XRD)仪,透射电子显微镜(TEM),傅立叶-红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和...     

电化学沉积法制备Cu_2O/CS纳米复合材料的机理研究

采用沉淀析出法,通过加入去溶剂化试剂硫酸钠制备壳聚糖(CS)纳米粒子;通过电化学沉积法制备了Cu2O/CS纳米复合材料.研究表明,随着反应条件的改变,Cu2O能够在CS纳米颗粒上形成针状或球形等不同形貌.电化学沉积机理通过透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱技术对二者的结合机制进行了探讨,为Cu2O/CS纳米复合材料的制备和应用研究提供了理论依据.     

Microstructure of Ni–Al powder and Ni–Al composite coatings prepared by twin-wire arc spraying

Ni–Al powder and Ni–Al composite coatings were fabricated by twin-wire arc spraying (TWAS). The microstructures of Ni-5wt%Al powder and Ni-20wt%Al powder were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the obtained particle size ranged from 5 to 50 μm. The morphology of the Ni–Al powder showed that molten particles were composed of Ni solid solution, NiAl, Ni₃Al, Al₂O₃, and NiO. The Ni–Al phase and a small amount of Al₂O₃ particles changed the composition of the coating. The microstructures of the twin-wire-arc-sprayed Ni–Al composite coatings were characterized by SEM, EDS, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the main phase of the Ni-5wt%Al coating consisted of Ni solid solution and NiAl in addition to a small amount of Al₂O₃. The main phase of the Ni-20wt%Al coating mainly consisted of Ni solid solution, NiAl, and Ni₃Al in addition to a small amount of Al and Al₂O₃, and NiAl and Ni₃Al intermetallic compounds effectively further improved the final wear property of the coatings. TEM analysis indicated that fine spherical NiAl₃ precipitates and a Ni–Al–O amorphous phase formed in the matrix of the Ni solid solution in the original state.     

溶剂热法合成Al2O3：Tb^3＋绿色荧光粉及其发光性能

以九水硝酸铝和硝酸铽为反应物,无水乙醇为溶剂,柠檬酸为辅助剂的溶剂法及热处理合成Al2O3：Tb^3＋绿色荧光粉体.探讨反应体系初始溶液的p H值、反应温度、掺杂量等因素对产物的光致发光性能的影响。利用XRD、SEM及荧光分光光度计等对产物的物相、形貌、发光性能进行表征和分析.实验结果表明：Al2O3：Tb^3＋为γ晶型结构的粉末,用波长为240 nm的光激发产物,在544 nm处有很强的发射峰.     

二元系的热刺激电流

测量3种不同化学成份的粉料与硅油混合物的热刺激电流。BT粉与硅油的混合物有很明显的热刺激电流（TSC），且显示出粒径存在一定的关系；TiO2粉和AIO3与硅油的混合物在测量温区几乎没有热刺激电流峰。     

Synthesis and characterization of Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>@SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> magnetic composite nanoparticles by a one-pot process

Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ core–shell composite nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a one-pot process. Tetraethyl-orthosilicate was used as a surfactant to synthesize Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ core–shell structures from prepared Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The properties of the Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ composite nanoparticles were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The prepared Fe₃O₄ particles were approximately 12 nm in size, and the thickness of the SiO₂ coating was approximately 4 nm. The magnetic properties were studied by vibrating sample magnetometry. The results show that the maximum saturation magnetization of the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ powder (34.85 A·m2·kg–1) was markedly lower than that of the Fe₃O₄ powder (79.55 A·m2·kg–1), which demonstrates that Fe₃O₄ was successfully wrapped by SiO₂. The Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ composite nanoparticles have broad prospects in biomedical applications; thus, our next study will apply them in magnetic resonance imaging.     

自组装制备磁性复合微球聚集体

用部分还原法制得纳米Fe3O4,用微乳液聚合法制备聚（苯乙烯-丙烯酸）高分子微球P（St-co-AA）,再以球形P（St-co-AA）为模板与Fe3O4磁粉通过静电自组装和氢键自组装制得磁性复合微球聚集体Fe3O4／P（St-co-AA）;利用XRD、TEM、SEM、IR等对样品进行表征,采用VSM对样品进行磁性能测试．结果表明所得样品为Fe3O4单相,平均粒径约10nm．P（St-co-AA）平均尺寸为约70nm,表面含有羧基,所制磁性复合聚集体Fe3O4/P（St-co-AA）的形貌为球形、多孔、粒径约5μm,磁粉含量为29％．磁性能测试表明当外加磁场为6KOe时,磁化强度达到饱和,饱和磁化强度为69emu.g^-1．研究表明pH、搅拌等对磁性复合微球聚集体的形成有重要影响．     

Properties and corrosion behavior of Al based nanocomposite foams produced by the sintering-dissolution process

The properties of Al based nanocomposite metal foams and their corrosion behaviors were investigated in this study. For this, the composite metal foams with different relative densities (porosity) reinforced with alumina nanoparticles were prepared using a powder metallurgy-based sintering-dissolution process (SDP) and NaCl particles were used as space holders. Then, the effect of nanoparticle reinforcement and different amounts of NaCl space holders (corresponding porosity) on the microstructure, morphology, density, hardness, and electrochemical specifications of the samples were investigated. It was found that as the relative density increased from 60% to 70%, the wall thickness increased from about 200 to 300 μm, which led to a decrease in pore size. Also, the addition of nanoparticle reinforcement and the increased relative density result in increasing metal foam hardness. Moreover, electrochemical test results indicated that increasing the Al₂O₃ content reduced the corrosion rate, but increasing the porosity enhanced it.     

无定形疏松多孔Fe2O3/SiO2的制备及表征

通过两步简单方法制备海胆状Fe2O3/SiO2,利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),选区电子衍射(SAED)等手段对产物进行表征,结果表明,这种形貌的纳米材料能防止Fe2O3纳米颗粒的团聚,避免SiO2在高温条件下烧结,并有效提高了材料的热稳定性。     

钨掺杂氧化铁基纳米材料的合成及气敏性能研究

合成掺杂钨的Fe2O3复合氧化物对NO2、Cl2等氧化性气体有很高的灵敏度,利用XRD对产品的物相进行了分析;用TEM或SEM对粉体晶粒的粒径和形貌进行了观察;将产物粉体制成气敏元件,采用静态配气法在气敏测试仪上进行了灵敏度和响应-恢复曲线的测试,研究证明0.33WO3-Fe2O3试样形貌为蜂窝状,按比例估算粒径,平均...     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of FeAl Intermetallics Prepared by Mechanical Alloying and Hot-Pressing

FeAl intermetallics were prepared by mechanical alloying and vacuum hot-pressing. The Fe-48 at.% Al powder was ball-milled for 3-12 h, producing a solid solution structure of Fe (Al) with trace Al (Fe). Subsequent vacuum annealing or hot-pressing introduced phase transformations into the FeAl (B2) intermetallics and Al2O3 inclusions. The hot-pressed FeAl intermetallics possess a high flexural strength of 831 MPa and a fairly good strain at break of 3.2%. The results show that the addition of 0.5 at.% B redu...     

微乳液法制备纳米Al2(WO4)3

对微乳液法制备纳米Al2(WO4)3进行了研究.分别以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和二(2-乙基己基)磺基琥珀酸钠(AOT)为表面活性剂,在表面活性剂-正辛烷-盐水体系的W/O微乳液区成功地合成了纳米Al2(WO4)3.实验结果表明,以AOT为表面活性剂的微乳液体系制备的纳米Al2(WO4)3颗粒小,粒度分布均匀,其颗粒大小在40 nm左右且为球形.同时还在CTAB/正丁醇-正辛烷-盐水体系的W/O微乳液区、O/W微乳液区和液晶区合成了Al2(WO4)3,并将产物进行了比较.结果表明,在W/O微乳液区能够合成出粒度分布较均匀且粒径在100 nm以内的纳米Al2(WO4)3.