静电场诱导光刻技术实现曲面光栅结构的制备

利用软光刻技术在凸面基底上制备了光栅结构.以此凸面基底上制备的光栅结构作为模板,利用静电场诱导光刻技术实现了凹面基底上光栅结构的制备.光栅模板结构的高度为5.3μm,线宽是6.25μm,高宽比达到0.85∶1.诱导成形光栅结构的高度为42μm,线宽是13.35μm,高宽比高于3∶1.结果表明借助静电场诱导光刻技术可以在曲面基底上利用小高宽比的微结构模板制备出大高宽比的微结构.     

离心—冷冻法制备梯度孔结构的真皮支架

胶原基真皮支架的结构和性能受多方面因素影响,比如除胶原外的其他主要材料、支架的孔径和孔隙率以及交联度等.采用离心—冷冻法结合冷冻干燥法制备梯度孔结构的真皮支架,表征支架的孔径和孔隙率,并以细胞培养检验其生物相容性,其中采用扫描电镜对上中下3部分支架结构及孔径进行表征,并通过细胞培养生长实验检测该支架材料的细胞粘附性能,以达到表征离心力的影响.结果显示,离心力对支架的微观结构产生了影响,支架的致密程度从下到上有明显的不同,具体表现在孔径上:上层孔径52±27.8μm,中层孔径57±8.7μm,下层孔径49±40.4μm.同时,细胞粘附实验表明,致密的下层更适合细胞的粘附生长.     

组织工程多孔管状支架的低温挤出成形

聚乙二醇/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PEG/PBT)-1,4二氧六环溶液体系在温度低于20℃时可变成凝胶态。将数字挤压/喷射技术与热致相分离技术结合,提出了一种新型多孔管状支架成形技术——低温挤出成形技术。构建了基于该技术的成形平台,研究了成形温度对支架宏观形貌、孔隙率、力学性能等的影响。该技术成形的支架孔隙率最高可达95%,微孔尺寸分布为35~48μm,支架弹性模量为61.9~106 kPa。人类颌下腺细胞种植实验表明:支架具有良好的细胞亲和性,在涎腺组织工程中具有良好的应用前景。     

肝组织工程支架的微制造工艺

通过模拟自然肝脏的内部微结构，对肝组织工程支架进行仿生设计，构建了有利于人工肝向自然肝转化的肝支架孔洞与管道系统．结合光固化和微压印工艺制造了肝支架的硅橡胶模具，通过微复型工艺成型出生物可降解的壳聚糖／明胶复合肝支架．实验表明，普通光固化和掩膜光固化工艺可以实现最小尺度为200μm的微结构制造，精密光固化工艺不仅可以在同一模具上制造出具有良好复型精度和边缘特征的肝细胞孔洞（200-300μm）和血管管道（100-200μm），而且还可以制造出具有半通透功能的微管道（13．1～30μm）．因此，提出的微制造方法能成型出复杂的肝组织工程支架系统，可保证多种肝脏细胞的有序分布，并且为组织工程肝脏支架材料微观结构的模拟提供了参考．     

红外微腔探测器中金属支撑柱的制备工艺研究

基于一般正胶光刻工艺的剥离工艺,所需胶膜的厚度要大大超过剥离薄膜的厚度,这样在剥离线宽小、厚度大的微腔结构探测器的金属互连柱图形时就会存在光刻分辨率低、剥离难的问题.本文重点研究了基于AZ5214E光刻胶图像反转性能的剥离工艺,对图像反转光刻所特有的反转烘、掩模曝光、泛曝光工艺条件进行了详细的对比实验.结果表明:当反转烘温度为96～98℃,第一次掩模曝光时间和泛曝光时间分别为8.1 s、8.4 s时,可以得到较好的光刻图形.通过电子束蒸发Ti,成功剥离出高2.40μm、面积3.0 μm×3.0 μm的Ti微互连柱.此工艺的优点在于分辨率高,胶膜与剥离薄膜的厚度比接近1时,也能剥离出所要图形,可以用于制备MEMS微腔器件中的微互连柱.     

基于数字微镜器件的激光光刻技术

数字微镜器件(Digital Micro-mirror Device,DMD)作为数字光处理技术(Digital Light Processing,DLP)的核心,可通过控制其反射微镜的偏转实现全数字化成像。基于DMD的数字光刻系统采用动态数字掩模的曝光方式,分辨率高、速度快、加工面积大,可用于制作复杂三维结构和表面浮雕结构。本文阐述了DMD的基本结构和工作原理,分析了其灰度调理机制和投影成像特性,介绍了基于DMD的数字光刻技术的两个重要研究方向:灰度光刻技术和微立体光刻技术,具体探讨了DMD在两种技术中的应用。     

蚕丝蛋白/明胶多孔肝组织支架的制备及性能研究

采用冷冻干燥法制备了蚕丝蛋白/明胶多孔支架,并分别在-20℃和-70℃预冻,以观察支架的微孔结构,测量支架的孔隙率、溶胀吸水性及力学性能,研究HepG2细胞在支架中的生长增殖情况.结果表明:随预冻温度降低,支架的孔径减小且微孔分布更加均匀,孔隙率及力学性能均得到提高.细胞培养结果显示:随预冻温度降低,支架的细胞贴壁率减...     

纳米球制备Spindt阴极及其场致发射特性仿真

结合聚苯乙烯纳米球自组装技术和微机械制造技术提供了一种制备Spindt场致发射阵列阴极的新方法,并成功制备了集成度较高且均匀分布的微孔阵列,微孔孔径为300~500 nm,绝缘层厚度为500 nm,孔间距为750 nm,微孔集成度达到10~8个/cm~2,是普通光刻技术的10倍以上.利用CST粒子工作室的质点网格求解器对该工艺方法制备的Spindt阴极的场致发射特性进行了数值仿真,结果表明发射尖端曲率半径、栅极孔径以及尖端相对栅极的高度是影响发射电流的决定因素.     

EDC交联的明胶微球支架制备及其生物相容性研究

目的制备EDC交联的明胶微球作为支架材料,并对其生物相容性进行评价,为构建工程化的脂肪组织奠定基础.方法制备明胶微球,并利用5 mmol EDC对其进行交联,获得75~150μm粒径大小的微球;扫描电镜观察,检测微球的细胞相容性和组织相容性.结果经EDC交联的明胶微球均呈圆球体,大小比较均匀,粒径75~150μm,细胞毒性等级为0~Ⅰ级;将微球植入SD大鼠皮下,植入部位未见明显红肿,伤口无红肿、渗液等炎性反应,组织学观察植入明胶微球局部无明显炎症细胞浸润,静态培养时脂肪组织来源干细胞(ADSCs)在微球上生长状态良好.结论 EDC交联的明胶微球是一种具有较好的细胞亲和性、生物相容性和生物可降解性的天然高分子支架材料,以脂肪组织来源干细胞为种子细胞,可以为临床使用提供一种工程化脂肪组织填充物.     

铝衬底微等离子体阵列的制作与光电特性测量

在铝衬底上采用光刻工艺制作了带有氧化铟锡(ITO)透明电极的微等离子体阵列,实验研究了该微等离子体阵列在30～100 kPa氖气中的放电特性和发光特性.不同微腔尺寸的微等离子体阵列实验结果表明,对于微腔直径为150μm的器件,击穿电压随着工作气压的升高先下降后上升,并且在53.2 kPa时达到最小值212 V.通过对微腔直径为50μm和30μm器件的击穿电压比较发现,在气压较低时,微腔尺寸大的器件更容易击穿,当气压较高时,微腔尺寸小的器件更容易击穿,并且微腔尺寸小的器件随着气压的升高击穿电压下降得更快.与目前商业等离子体显示器件(PDP)的击穿电压相比,微腔器件的击穿电压更低,而且在高气压下,采用更小的微腔作为PDP的显示单元,可以提高PDP的分辨率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.