六方纳米介孔二氧化硅纤维的合成

以十六烷基氯化吡啶(C16PyCl)为模板剂,原硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,乙酰胺为助剂,在酸性条件下合成了六方纳米介孔二氧化硅纤维,并使用扫描电镜(SEM)、小角X射线衍射(SXRD)和N2气体吸附仪对其进行了表征。结果表明合成样品呈六方纤维外形,纤维直径约3~5μm,纤维长度约几十微米。六方纤维具有MCM-41的六方孔道结构;煅烧后的样品显示典型的IV型吸附等温线和H2型滞后环,孔径分布较宽,具有双孔道结构,BJH最可几孔径为2.96/3.50 nm,BET表面积为1 060 m2.g-1。     

用乙酰胺合成六方形貌介孔氧化硅纤维

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅前驱体,乙酰胺(CH3CONH2)为助溶剂,十六烷基氯化吡啶(C16PyC l)为结构导向剂,在酸性溶液中合成六方形貌的介孔氧化硅纤维,经小角X射线衍射(SXRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和低温N2吸附-脱附技术等表征。结果表明:合成的样品为六角状外形的氧化硅纤维,直径约4~7μm,长度约几十微米。六角状纤维的孔道具有与MCM-41类似的六方结构;煅烧后样品的吸附数据显示出吸附-脱附等温线为典型的IV型,吸附-脱附滞后环为H2型,孔道的孔径分布较宽;BJH最可几孔径为2.96 nm和3.50 nm,表明样品具有特殊的双孔道结构;计算的BET表面积为1 060 m2.g-1。     

利用助溶剂甲酰胺合成棒状介孔二氧化硅

以十六烷基氯化吡啶(C16PyCl)为模板剂,原硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,甲酰胺为助溶剂,在酸性条件下合成了棒状介孔二氧化硅。用扫描电镜(SEM)、小角X射线衍射(SXRD)和N2气体吸附技术对其进行了表征。结果表明:合成样品呈短棒外形,形貌比较规整均一,长度30~50μm,直径4~6μm。棒状产物具有MCM-41的有序六方孔道结构;煅烧样品的吸附测量显示典型的IV型吸附等温线和H1型滞后环,孔径分布很窄,BJH最可几孔径为2.15 nm,BET表面积高达1 335 m2.g-1。     

铜铁氧体中空纤维的制备及载银的抗菌性能

以硝酸盐和柠檬酸为原料,采用有机凝胶-热分解法制备了铜铁氧体(CuFe2O4)中空纤维.通过采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计等测试技术,对纤维前躯体的结构、热处理产物的物相、形貌以及磁性能进行了表征.800℃热处理2 h后得到纯相CuFe2O4纤维,且纤维平均直径在1μm左右,具有良好的中空结构和长径比,饱和磁化强度和剩磁分别为42.5 A.m2.kg-1和23.0 A.m2.kg-1.以制备的CuFe2O4纤维为载体,利用浸渍法吸附银处理,再经过500℃热处理后,得到载银铜铁氧体(Ag/CuFe2O4)纤维.抗菌试验表明:Ag/CuFe2O4纤维具有良好的抗菌效果,8μg.mL-1剂量的纤维样品20 h能抑制浓度为5×105CFU.mL-1的大肠杆菌的生长.     

单分散中空二氧化硅微球的制备

通过牺牲微米级PS模板原位合成方法制备微米级单分散中空SiO_2微球,着重研究反应温度(50,70℃)、TEOS用量(2,3,4 g)、氨水用量(1,2,3 mL)与MTC用量(0.2,0.4 g)等参数对中空微球的影响,获得微米级(1~5μm)、结构(孔径、壁厚等)可控的单分散中空SiO_2微球的最佳制备工艺,通过扫描电镜分析(SEM)、透射电镜分析(TEM)、红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、热失重分析(TGA)、氮吸附(BET)等测试手段表征了微球性能。     

具有纳米质点性质的MFI型硅沸石微细晶粒的合成及表征(英)

分别以白炭黑（Ⅰ）和硅溶胶（Ⅱ）为硅源，在（TPA）2O－Na2O－SiO2－H2O体系（TPA为四丙基铵）中，反应温度为60℃，合成了高结晶度纯硅沸石．用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）法测得的晶粒大小分别为0．20μm（Ⅰ）和0．45μm（Ⅱ）；用粉末X射线衍射（XRD）线宽法测得的晶粒大小为0．02μm．与高温（180℃）合成的硅沸石样品相比较，低温合成的微细晶粒硅沸石样品已具备纳米级材料的若干特性．微细晶粒硅沸石的正己烷吸附量和比表面都非常大．XRD谱，红外吸收光谱（FT－IR），29Si魔角固体核磁共振（29SiMASNMR）和热重分析（TG／DTG／DTA）的研究证明，微细晶粒硅沸石的结构破坏温度和单斜／正交对称性相转变温度明显地比高温合成的硅沸石低，硅羟基缺陷也明显地增加．0．20～0．45μm的微细晶粒硅沸石的比表面几乎与胶体质点相同，它的外表面积达100m2／g，中孔容积为0．10～0．12ml／g，平均孔径为2．6～2．7nm．这表明微细晶粒硅沸石实际上是纳米质点的结合体．     

PAN基中空活性炭纤维的制备及性能研究

讨论了用聚丙烯腈（PAN）基中空纤维为原料，采用KOH活化法制备中空活性炭纤维（ACHF）的活化过程。考察不同KOH质量浓度对中空活性炭纤维性能的影响。测量了比表面积和得率，孔径分布，用碘吸附值、亚甲基兰吸附值测定了中空活性炭纤维的吸附性能，用SEM观察了其表面结构。结果显示，KOH活化法得到的中空活性炭纤维具有窄的孔径分布，较大的比表面积和较高的得率。     

沉淀法合成三硅酸镁粉体的孔结构及吸附性能

以Na2O.nSiO2和Mg(NO3)2为原料,经沉淀法合成得到三硅酸镁。采用BET、吡啶吸附和亚甲基蓝吸附等表征手段,考察了不同加料顺序和不同活化方法对样品孔道结构、表面酸性及吸附性能的影响。结果表明,滴定顺序对样品的表面织构有明显影响,Mg(NO3)2溶液滴入Na2O.nSiO2溶液合成的样品为微孔材料,主要为3 nm以下的微孔,比表面积达568.93 m2/g,孔容为0.3524 cm3/g;Na2O.nSiO2溶液滴入Mg(NO3)2溶液合成的样品为大孔材料,比表面积为179.40 m2/g,孔容为0.8350 cm3/g;各样品孔径均呈多峰分布;煅烧和酸化均可提高样品的表面酸量;各样品的亚甲基蓝吸附量与表面织构规律并不完全相同,表明孔道结构并不是影响样品吸附性能的唯一因素,酸活性位点的数量、强弱以及种类对样品的吸附性能均有一定影响。     

以低聚季铵盐表面活性剂为模板合成硅铝酸盐MCM-41

以低聚季铵盐表面活性剂作为模板剂，在中性条件下合成出结构有序的介孔硅铝酸盐材料MCM-41．考察了硅酸盐与铝酸盐不同比例对产物结构与表-面性质的影响．XRD结果表明：随着硅酸盐与铝酸盐比例(摩尔比)的增加，介孔材料孔道有序性增加；当硅酸盐与铝酸盐摩尔比大于1：1时可以得到高度有序的MCM．41材料，其中当nSi：nAl=9．5：1时，产物的有序性最高；硅酸盐与铝酸盐的比例对晶胞参数α0有一定影响，α0值在4．70～5．15nm之间．氮气吸附实验表明：随着硅酸盐与铝酸盐的比例增加，产物的BET表面积、孔体积随之增加，硅酸盐与铝酸盐的比例对最可几孔径没有显著影响，对孔壁厚度略有影响，两者分别在2．0nm左右和2．66～3．30nm之间时的SEM结果表明：样品是由不规则的颗粒组成，粒径大约在0．5μm，硅酸盐与铝酸盐的比例对样品的粒径没有显著影响．     

双组分纺黏水刺非织造材料的过滤性能

通过水刺工艺对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-聚酰胺(PET-PA6)橘瓣型双组分纺黏非织造材料进行开纤处理,以获得超细纤维非织造材料,并对非织造材料的结构特性和气溶胶过滤性能进行研究.结果表明:水刺技术可以很好地将中空橘瓣型双组分纤维开裂成超细纤维,纤维在非织造材料表面相互缠结形成纤维束;试样对颗粒尺寸为0.37~2.74μm的邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)气溶胶颗粒在气流速度为3.57m/min情况下具有较好的过滤性能,同时,试样的面密度和厚度对过滤效率、过滤阻力以及孔径分布有很大的影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that