用乙酰胺合成六方形貌介孔氧化硅纤维

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅前驱体,乙酰胺(CH3CONH2)为助溶剂,十六烷基氯化吡啶(C16PyC l)为结构导向剂,在酸性溶液中合成六方形貌的介孔氧化硅纤维,经小角X射线衍射(SXRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和低温N2吸附-脱附技术等表征。结果表明:合成的样品为六角状外形的氧化硅纤维,直径约4~7μm,长度约几十微米。六角状纤维的孔道具有与MCM-41类似的六方结构;煅烧后样品的吸附数据显示出吸附-脱附等温线为典型的IV型,吸附-脱附滞后环为H2型,孔道的孔径分布较宽;BJH最可几孔径为2.96 nm和3.50 nm,表明样品具有特殊的双孔道结构;计算的BET表面积为1 060 m2.g-1。     

纳米介孔二氧化硅中空纤维的合成

以十六烷基氯化吡啶(C16PyCl)为模板剂,原硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,甲酰胺为共溶剂,在酸性条件下合成了纳米介孔二氧化硅中空纤维,并使用扫描电镜(SEM)、小角X 射线衍射(SXRD)和N2气体吸附仪对其进行了表征。结果表明合成样品呈中空纤维形态,中空管内径约0．5-1μm,管壁厚度0．5μm左右,纤维长度可达50μm。中空纤维具有 MCM-41的有序六方孔道结构;煅烧后的样品显示典型的Ⅳ型吸附等温线和H1型滞后环,孔径分布很窄,BJH最可几孔径为2．72 nm,BET表面积1 212 m2·g-1。     

利用助溶剂甲酰胺合成棒状介孔二氧化硅

以十六烷基氯化吡啶(C16PyCl)为模板剂,原硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,甲酰胺为助溶剂,在酸性条件下合成了棒状介孔二氧化硅。用扫描电镜(SEM)、小角X射线衍射(SXRD)和N2气体吸附技术对其进行了表征。结果表明:合成样品呈短棒外形,形貌比较规整均一,长度30~50μm,直径4~6μm。棒状产物具有MCM-41的有序六方孔道结构;煅烧样品的吸附测量显示典型的IV型吸附等温线和H1型滞后环,孔径分布很窄,BJH最可几孔径为2.15 nm,BET表面积高达1 335 m2.g-1。     

表面活性剂浓度对介孔二氧化硅形貌的影响

以十六烷基氯化吡啶（C16PyCl）为模板剂，正硅酸四乙酯（TEOS）为硅前驱体，甲酰胺为助溶剂，在酸性条件下合成了不同形状的纳米介孔二氧化硅，并使用扫描电镜（SEM）、小角X射线衍射（SXRD）和N2气体吸附技术对其进行了表征。结果表明合成样品具有MCM-41的有序六方孔道结构，煅烧样品的吸附测量显示典型的Ⅳ型吸附等温线和H1型滞后环，孔径分布较窄。随着C16PyCl浓度的增加，产物形貌由不规则的螺旋球逐渐过渡到表面光洁的多面体形状。     

沉淀法合成三硅酸镁粉体的孔结构及吸附性能

以Na2O.nSiO2和Mg(NO3)2为原料,经沉淀法合成得到三硅酸镁。采用BET、吡啶吸附和亚甲基蓝吸附等表征手段,考察了不同加料顺序和不同活化方法对样品孔道结构、表面酸性及吸附性能的影响。结果表明,滴定顺序对样品的表面织构有明显影响,Mg(NO3)2溶液滴入Na2O.nSiO2溶液合成的样品为微孔材料,主要为3 nm以下的微孔,比表面积达568.93 m2/g,孔容为0.3524 cm3/g;Na2O.nSiO2溶液滴入Mg(NO3)2溶液合成的样品为大孔材料,比表面积为179.40 m2/g,孔容为0.8350 cm3/g;各样品孔径均呈多峰分布;煅烧和酸化均可提高样品的表面酸量;各样品的亚甲基蓝吸附量与表面织构规律并不完全相同,表明孔道结构并不是影响样品吸附性能的唯一因素,酸活性位点的数量、强弱以及种类对样品的吸附性能均有一定影响。     

PO_4~(3-)/Al-MCM-41介孔分子筛合成及表征

通过液晶模板机理合成了Al-MCM-41介孔分子筛,并用磷酸浸渍法制备PO43-/Al-MCM-41.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附-脱附、红外光谱、Hammett指示剂胺滴定等方法对所合成样品进行了表征.XRD和N2吸附脱附研究结果表明.PO43-/Al-MCM-41具有较规则的孔道结构.平均孔径3.10 nm,比表面积为560 m2/g.酸量滴定分析表明,PO43-/Al-MCM-41具有较强的酸性.     

Y-MCM-41介孔分子筛的微波合成与表征

在碱性条件下,用微波法合成了掺杂过渡金属钇的介孔分子筛Y -MCM - 4 1.借助XRD、FT -IR、SEM、TEM和N2 吸附-脱附实验等分析手段对样品进行了表征,结果表明合成的介孔分子筛具有六方孔道结构,比表面积较高,约为6 5 0 .4m2 /g .X射线荧光光谱分析表明Y元素以0 .6 %的含量存在于介孔结构中,FT -IR分析表明掺杂后的样品在96 3.90cm-1附近的吸收峰与掺杂前相比强度有明显的增强,说明了MCM- 4 1骨架中掺杂原子的存在可能     

介孔二氧化铈材料的合成与表征

采用聚合物P123为模板剂、正硅酸乙酯为硅源水热成功合成了具有介孔、二维六角结构的SBA-15,并以SBA-15为硬模板、蔗糖为碳源合成了具有有序介孔结构的CMK-3碳材料.将CMK-3浸渍于硝酸亚铈溶液中,经过干燥、焙烧,制备出了具有二维六角结构的二氧化铈材料.利用N2物理吸附、X光粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)对所得材料进行了物化性质测试与结构表征.结果表明,合成的二氧化铈具有面心立方结构,呈现IV型吸-脱附等温线及H3型滞后环,孔径分布均一,平均孔径3.3 nm,其比表面积达104.2 m2/g.     

Fe掺杂SBA-15的合成、表征及催化苯制苯酚的研究

以聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯(P123)嵌段共聚物表面活性剂为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,Fe( NO3)3·9H2O为铁源在酸性条件下合成Fe-SBA-15介孔分子筛.通过XRD,N2吸附-脱附,红外等分析手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明合成的样品具有有序的六方介孔结构.铁含量的不同对SBA-15的孔径及其比表面积均有影响.所合成的材料在苯羟基化反应中表现出良好的催化活性,最高转化率可达32.16％.     

以阳离子Gemini表面活性剂C12-2-12为模板合成纯硅立方介孔材料

用Gemini表面活性剂[C12H25N+(CH3)2-(CH2)2-N+(CH3)2C12H25]·2Br-作模板合成了立方结构的介孔二氧化硅,并且用小角X射线衍射和氮气吸附-脱附技术对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, 所得到的介孔二氧化硅为立方结构,晶胞参数在8.45～8.57 nm之间; 孔道的有序性随表面活性剂与Na2SiO3比例的增大而增加. 氮气吸附-脱附等温线为第Ⅳ类型的等温线,在相对压力p/p0=0.15～0.25 和 P/P0 = 0.8～1的范围内出现两个H1型滞后环, 分别是由介孔孔道和颗粒之间的空穴引起的. BET表面积也随表面活性剂与Na2SiO3比例的增大而增大, 最大可达1 100 m2/g, 最可几孔径在2.20 nm左右.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with