砷形态分析方法

建立了水环境中的4种砷形态亚砷酸(As(Ⅲ))、砷酸(AS(V))、一甲基砷酸(MMA)、二甲基砷酸(DMA)的形态分析方法.在pH 6.0磷酸盐作流动相、梯度洗脱条件下,4种砷形态在IC-Anion-PW阴离子交换色谱上获得了分离.以20g/L的KzS2 08溶液作氧化荆,紫外催化氧化消解,可使有机砷完全转化为无机态的As(V).并在10%的盐酸栽流、20g/LKBH4+5g/LKOH溶液为还原剂的条件下,实现了氢化发生原子荧光检测.将所建立的方法用于地下水样品的测定,4种形态砷系物在O～20mg/L的质量浓度范围内都表现出良好的线性关系.各检出限均保持在约0.1/g/L水平,回收率控制在95%～110%以内,相对标准偏差≤3%.     

膦、胂叶立德的化学与应用ⅩⅩⅦ.含全氟烷基膦叶立德的合成

溴化(2-萘甲酰基)甲基三苯基鏻(1)在无水碳酸钾存在下,以无水二氯甲烷作溶剂,室温下与2-全氟炔酸甲酯(2)反应,高产率地得到加合产物4-(2-萘甲酰基)-2-三苯基膦基-3-全氟烷基-3-丁烯酸甲酯(3)和4-(2-萘甲酰基)-4-三苯基膦基-3-全氟烷基-2-丁烯酸甲酯(4).产物的结构经IR、MS、元素分析、1H和19F NMR确定.并提出了生成产物的机理.     

珠江广州河段底泥中砷的形态分析

对底泥中4种结合态的几种形态砷(As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、甲基胂酸盐和二甲基胂酸盐)的测定表明,底泥中砷的污染严重,平均为41.7ppm.酸溶解态、碱溶解态和残渣态含砷量分别占72.4%、8.8%和18.9%,水溶态含砷量为全砷量的千分之几(ppb级).各结合态中都以无机砷为主,As(Ⅲ)占多数,占总砷量1/2以上;有机砷占总砷量1/2左右,以二甲基胂酸盐为主.     

硫化氢法净化并循环使用含砷稀酸的试验研究

为解决硫酸厂处理含砷稀酸时产生大量含砷石膏的技术难题,采用在含砷稀酸中通入硫化氢气体的方法,研究了气体压力、硫酸浓度、反应温度和时间等因素对除砷效果的影响规律。结果表明,增加硫化氢分压、延长反应时间,硫化氢的除砷率得到明显提高。在硫酸浓度为6％～7％,搅拌速度为650 r/min,硫化氢分压为0.105 MPa,反应温度为55℃,反应时间为40 min的条件下,稀酸中的砷浓度由原来的1.05％降至4.2×10-4％,使稀酸能返回到硫酸的干吸系统;过滤后砷渣的砷含量大于33％,比含砷石膏的砷含量提高近30倍,可用作砷矿资源。研究结果可为硫酸企业危险废弃物减量化和资源化的新工艺开发提供参考。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定沉积物中不同形态的砷

建立了同时从沉积物中提取亚砷酸盐As（Ⅲ）、砷酸盐As（Ⅴ）、一甲基砷酸（MMA）和二甲基砷酸（DMA）4种砷形态的提取方法以及HPLC-ICP-MS联用测定沉积物中4种砷形态化合物的检测方法.探讨了磷酸、抗坏血酸、水浴时间等前处理条件,以及C8色谱柱和Hamilton PRP-X100色谱柱的色谱分离条件,由此建立了沉积物中砷形态的检测方法.结果表明,在95 ℃条件下水浴60 min,提取剂选择0.3 mol/L磷酸和0.5mol/L抗坏血酸的混合溶液,4种砷形态化合物加标回收率在70%-110%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于6%.选用Hamilton PRP-X100（5 μm×15 cm）色谱柱进行4种砷形态的分离,以15 mmol/L磷酸氢二铵溶液（用甲酸调节pH=6.0）为流动相,在7 min内同时分析检测4种砷形态化合物,As（Ⅲ）、DMA、MMA和As（Ⅴ）的检出限依次为0.22、0.60、0.28和0.78 μg/L.该方法实现了对沉积物中常见的不同形态砷的同时分析,具有灵敏度高、精密度好的特点.     

树脂动态分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定中成药中砷(Ⅲ)和砷(Ⅴ)

建立了树脂动态分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定中成药中痕量As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的分析方法.研究了盐酸浸提和树脂分离的最佳条件,探讨了仪器的工作条件、试剂浓度及不同增感剂对砷原子荧光强度的影响.成功地对5种中成药中的砷进行了形态分离及分析.方法检出限为84.9 ng/L,RSD为1.41 %.回收率为90.8%～110.2%.     

碳酸盐体系中砷酸复盐选择性沉砷研究

针对碳酸盐体系下常规金属砷酸盐沉淀法无法高效选择性除砷这一难题,提出通过砷酸复盐选择性沉淀实现砷酸盐与碳酸盐选择性分离的方案。基于25℃时Mg²⁺-NH₄⁺-AsO₄^3--CO₃^2--OH^--H₂O体系的热力学平衡图,研究通过砷酸复盐(MgNH₄AsO₄)沉淀实现砷酸盐和碳酸盐选择性分离的理论基础,并结合具体砷酸复盐沉砷实验,分析体系中CO₃^2-,Mg²⁺和NH₄⁺初始质量浓度对最终除砷效率及砷渣品位的影响。研究结果表明：增大CO₃^2-质量浓度会降低砷酸复盐除砷率和砷渣品位,增加Mg²⁺初始质量浓度虽可提高除砷率,但会增加砷渣中MgCO₃的摩尔分数,进而...     

3-甲基-2-十三烯-4-炔酸乙酯的合成

在绿色反应介质聚乙二醇-400(PEG-400)中,1-葵炔与丁烯酸乙酯在PdCl2(PPh3)2/CuBr催化体系作用下,选择性合成E-3-甲基-2-十三烯-4-炔酸乙酯,该反应对环境友好,产物结构经IR、NMR和MS确证.     

不同形态砷在新生态MnO2界面上的吸附作用

研究了新生态MnO2对2种形态砷的吸附作用.在相同的实验条件下,As(Ⅴ)的吸附动力学数据符合Langergren二级动力学方程;As(Ⅲ)的吸附数据符合简单级数的二级动力学方程.2种形态砷的吸附过程受pH的影响较大;吸附过程中SO42-,PO43-等阴离子对2种形态砷均有吸附竞争作用;吸附过程不受离子强度的影响.     

氢化物—原子吸收法测定海水中砷的有机和无机化学形态

用NaBH_4还原-冷阱捕集分离-原子吸收系统同时测定海水中砷的有机和无机化学形态,外加锆测定As(Ⅲ),并从总砷扣除得到As(Ⅴ),对海水中无机砷和有机砷的检测限分别为0.015×10~(-9)和0.016×10~(-9);变异系数分别在5％～10％之间;回收率均在95％以上,操作简便、快速、灵敏度高,适于大批样品的测定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-