烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

《设施工程技术》CAI课件的研制与应用

介绍了《设施工程技术》CAI课件的制作方法 ,阐释了该课件在使用过程中出现的一些新问题 ,并提出了解决的方法     

林木直径分布的研究

<正> 林木株数依直径的分布(以下简称直径分布)是研究林木及其材种结构的基础,是了解营林措施合理性的重要手段之一;但由于直径分布受多种因素影响,变化多端,近百年来对此虽作过大量研究,发表了数以百计的论文,但尚未取得完全令人满意的结果。 迄今对直径分布的研究,大致分为分布规律和分布函数两个方面。前者着重从生物学角度说明直径分布规律;后者着重探讨分布的数学表达形式。欧、美、日、苏等国从1898年到现在已正式发表的直径分布函数式已有20多种。本文主要以β_1—β_2场作为检验分布函数适应性的理论基础,并用实验数据对普遍认为较好的5种分布函数作了比较,对其中适应性较广的β分布作了改进,发展了矩解、似然解和偏峭解;并借助多元分析,初步分析了影响林木直径分布的因子。研究对象既包括林分也包括大地域。     

电荷守恒与磁链守恒定律的论证

本文对电荷守恒定律和磁链守恒定律从数学方面作了较深入的论证,并给出了其物理意义。     

氯酸钾催化热分解历程研究

本文用DTA-TG技术结合化学方法,研究了氯酸钾催化热分解历程。提出当用二氧化锰作催化剂时,可用中间产物理论解释,反应历程为,2 KClO_3+MnO_2K_2MnO_4+2[Cl]+2O_2(慢)K_2MnO_4+2[Cl]→2KCl+MnO_2+O_2(快)当用其它催化剂时,氯酸钾的两个分解放热峰峰温降低,可用活化中心理论解释。     

拟多项式根的数目

本文讨论拟多项式根的数目，结果表明，关于多项式的布丹定理和笛卡儿符号规则，经改进后对拟多拟多项式仍然有效。除此之外还研究了拟多项式组的公根，并得到了拟三项式的判别式。     

矿岩料层辊压粉碎机理的分析

本文对高压辊作用下料层的破损过程,颗粒的受力状态和破损形态进行了探讨,并对辊压粉碎的比功耗进行了测定,提出了高压辊磨机工作的四个子过程,探讨了高压辊磨机粉碎的机理。     

动态综合时剑杆运动规律的选择

本文对动态综合时剑杆运动规律的选择问题作了讨论。分析了剑杆动态位移的三阶导数和四阶导数对引剑机构名义运动的不利影响,并提出了减小这种影响的措施;对现有的几种剑杆动态运动规律的加速度峰值以及位移对时间的三阶导数和四阶导数进行了比较。最后,本文提出了一种以五次多项式为过渡段的修正梯形加速度规律,该规律保证了剑杆动态位移的三阶导数和四阶导数不发生突变。     

卷柏属12种卷柏植物孢子的元素成分分析

利用反义ＲＮＡ抑制基因表达的技术,发现ｃｙｃｌｉｎＥ基因在表达受到抑制后,乳腺癌细胞增殖速率和致癌性明显下降,结果还表明ｃｙｃｌｉｎＥ基因的抑制,可使ｐ２１＾ｗａｆｌ的转录水平上升,由此说明ｃｙｃｌｉｎＥ的异常与乳腺癌的发生有着密切的关系,在细胞周期调控上ｐ２１＾ｗａｆｌ的转录受到ｃｙｃｌｉｎＥ表达水平的明显影响。     

Hilbent A-模上两框架可补性

本文引入了Hilbent A-模上两框架可补的概念,给出并证明Hilbent A-模上两框架可补的等价条件。     

污水处理智能控制进展

综述了国内外污水处理自动化技术的发展现状,着重介绍了模糊控制、人工神经网络控制、遗传算法以及专家控制在污水处理过程中的应用.结合国内外研究动态,对污水生物处理智能控制的发展方向作了简要分析.