Sequencing and rescuing a highly virulent classical swine fever virus： Chinese strain cF114 from a full-length cDNA clone

Classical swine fever is an economically important, highly contagious disease of pigs caused by the classical swine fever virus (CSFV), as referred to as hog cholera virus. CSFV belongs to Pestivirus within the family of Flaviviridae. The virus contains a positivestranded RNA of approximately 12.3 kb in length[1]. The genome is composed of a 5′ non-coding region, a single large open reading frame (ORF) encoding the viral polyprotein with 3898 amino acid residues and a 3′ non-coding reg…     

大鼠细小病毒KRV株培养方法的建立

目的 建立用大鼠胶质瘤细胞系( Rat glial cell line C6)替代大鼠原代胚细胞(Primary rat embryo cells,RE)来 培养大鼠细小病毒（Kilham Rat Virus,KRV）的方法。方法 将500 TCID50 KRV培养物接种到75T-C6细胞培养瓶 中（ 细胞接种量为2×105/mL）, 培养过夜, 待细胞病变CPE达++～+++时, 分别用免疫荧光(FITC)鉴定所培 养病毒的特异抗原,用血球凝集试验(HA)测定培养物上清的效价,用DNA测序鉴定所培养的病毒,最后用96孔 板培养法测定KRV的TCID50。结果 KRV在接种到C6细胞的第4～5天, 细胞发生明显的病变,CPE可达++++, FITC鉴定呈KRV抗原阳性, 病毒的培养上清中HA效价为1:5 120,测序结果表明, 该病毒序列与NCBI中KRV序 列同源性达98％ , 确定为KRV。收获的KRV的TCID50为104.6/0.1 mL。结论 通过对C6细胞系培养KRV方法 的标准化和对所培养病毒的一系列鉴定表明,用大鼠胶质瘤细胞系可以替代大鼠原代胚细胞系进行大鼠细小病毒 的培养。     

中药复方板蓝根颗粒抗柯萨奇B_4病毒作用的实验研究

采用中药复方板蓝根颗粒进行了体外抗柯萨奇病毒B4(CVB4)的研究,通过观察病毒引起的细胞病变效应(CPE)、MTT法检测细胞活性,作为考核药物抗病毒作用.结果表明:中药复方板蓝根颗粒对CVB4无直接灭活作用,但能抑制CVB4在Hep-2细胞内的的生物合成和阻止CVB4的吸附,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为1129.00和1130.44μg/mL,治疗指数(TI)均为2.78.在100～1600μg/mL范围内复方板蓝根颗粒与CVB4抑制率呈明显的量效关系(P<0.01),在1600μg/mL时能抑制CVB4在Hep-2细胞内的增殖>50%.研究表明中药复方板蓝根颗粒能有效地抑制CVB4在Hep-2细胞中的增殖,其抗病毒作用发生在阻断病毒吸附细胞和抑制病毒进入细胞之后的复制增殖.     

NDV-Lasota毒株在鸡胚成纤维细胞上的增殖特性

为探讨NDV-Lasota株在鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)上的增殖特性,采用细胞病变观察、空斑技术、红细胞吸附试验和血凝试验等方法对Lasota株在CEF上的感染特性及其增殖动力学进行检测。结果表明:NDV-Lasota株在添加外源性胰蛋白酶的条件下,可在CEF上有效复制,细胞维持液中胰蛋白酶浓度为25μg/mL时,病毒感染细胞24 h后,红细胞吸附试验呈阳性;30 h后培养上清液血凝效价大于22;48 h后出现明显的细胞病变;72 h后细胞单层上形成边界清晰、圆形的小空斑。     

Construction and in vitro Study of an E1B-Defective Adenovirus

0　IntroductionTheconceptofvirotherapy ,anapproachtocurecancerwithviruses,wasinspiredlateofthelastcenturybytheobser vationofoccasionaltumorregressionsincancerpatientssufferingfromvirusinfectionsorreceivingvaccinations[1 ] .Conditionalin tratumoralreplicationofaviralagentmayleadtoimprovedeffica cyovernon replicatingagentsbecauseoftheinherentnatureofthetreatmentwithvirusmultiplication ,lysisoftheinfectedcan cercellandspreadtoadjacentcells.SincetheleadingeffortsofOnyxPharmaceuticals (Richmond ,…     

牛轮状病毒的分离与细胞培养特性

探讨牛轮状病毒(BRV)的细胞培养方法,为研发诊断试剂盒和疫苗提供依据.将RT-PCR阳性样品在MA-104细胞及Vero细胞上进行培养,盲传4代后MA-104细胞出现病变(CPE),主要表现为细胞脱落,出现拉网现象,部分出现死亡.这表明轮状病毒能够在MA-104细胞上生长,并引起细胞病变;而Vero细胞无病变.用胰酶处理的病毒接种MA-104细胞,用含2μg/mL、3μg/mL和5μg/mL三种(A、B和C)不同浓度胰酶的培养液在MA-104和Vero细胞对犊牛轮状病毒传代培养.将分离培养的病毒经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,结果表明BRV在C组培养液中分离培养最好,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳图显示病毒核酸呈4∶2∶3∶2排列,与参考株NCDV相似,呈典型A群轮状病毒的特征.     

Rescued virus from infectious cDNA clone of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus is adapted to RK13 cells line

RHDV is an extremely pathogenic virus. The mor-tality rate of infected rabbits is almost 99%. The dis-ease caused by RHDV is also called “rabbit plague”, and it has been regarded as one of the most important infection diseases of rabbits. RHDV was desig…     

Synthesis of brome mosaic virus subgenomic RNA in vitro by internal initiation on (-)-sense genomic RNA

The genomes of many (+)-stranded RNA viruses, including plant viruses and alphaviruses, consist of polycistronic RNAs whose internal genes are expressed via subgenomic messenger RNAs. The mechanism(s) by which these subgenomic mRNAs arise are poorly understood. Based on indirect evidence, three models have been proposed: (1) internal initiation by the replicase on the (-)-strand of genomic RNA, (2) premature termination during (-)-strand synthesis, followed by independent replication of the subgenomic RNA and (3) processing by nuclease cleavage of genome-length RNA. Using an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (replicase) preparation from barley leaves infected with brome mosaic virus (BMV) to synthesize the viral subgenomic RNA in vitro, we now provide evidence that subgenomic RNA arises by internal initiation on the (-)-strand of genomic RNA. We believe that this also represents the first in vitro demonstration of a replicase from a eukaryotic (+)-stranded RNA virus capable of initiating synthesis of (+)-sense RNA.     

猪瘟强毒株与兔化弱毒疫苗株的LAMP鉴别检测

为了鉴别猪瘟病毒（CSFV）野毒感染和疫苗接种,系统比较分析CSFV标准强毒株、疫苗株、不同基因亚型的野毒株的全基因组序列差异,设计一套分别针对猪瘟强毒与弱毒NS5B基因的环介导等温扩增（LAMP）引物,建立特异性的猪瘟强毒株与疫苗株的LAMP检测方法.LAMP扩增产物用罗丹明B指示剂或者琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行检测.该方法特异性好,比RT-PCR灵敏度高出1 000倍,且重复性稳定性良好,为快速准确地鉴别CSFV野毒感染和疫苗接种提供了有效的方法.     

中药大黄抗柯萨奇病毒作用的实验研究

采用大黄1～4#有效提取部位进行了体外抗柯萨奇病毒B3(CVB3)的研究.通过观察病毒引起的细胞病变效应(CPE)、MTT法检测细胞活性,作为考核药物抗病毒作用.结果表明:大黄1～4#有效提取部位对CVB3无直接灭活作用,也不能阻止CVB3的吸附,而能抑制CVB3在Hep-2细胞内的的生物合成,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为34.7、33.0、33.9、34.3 mg/L,治疗指数(TI)分别为7.2、7.6、7.6、7.2.与病毒唑(IC50=30.6 mg/L,TI=6.6,P＞0.01)相当,优于大黄提取液(IC50=48.5 mg/L,TI=4.7,P＜0.01).在2.5～120 mg/L范围内1～4#部位与CVB3抑制率呈明显的量效关系(P＜0.01),120 mg/L时能完全抑制CVB3在Hep-2细胞内的增殖.所以大黄1～4#有效提取部位安全高效地抑制CVB3在Hep-2细胞中的增殖.     

连花清瘟胶囊抗柯萨奇B_4病毒作用的实验研究

采用中药连花清瘟胶囊进行了体外抗柯萨奇病毒B4（CVB4）的研究.通过观察病毒引起的细胞病变效应（CPE）、MTT法检测细胞活性,作为考核药物抗病毒作用.结果表明：中药连花清瘟胶囊对CVB4有直接灭活作用,并能阻止CVB4的吸附细胞和抑制CVB4在Hep-2细胞内的的生物合成,其半数抑制浓度（IC50）分别为410.00,343.13和410.32μg/mL,治疗指数（TI）分别为2.67,3.20和2.66.其中抗病毒吸附作用最强（P〈0.01）.在100～1600μg/mL范围内连花清瘟胶囊与CVB4抑制率呈明显的量效关系（P〈0.05）,在500μg/mL时能抑制CVB4在Hep-2细胞内的增殖大于50%.研究表明中药连花清瘟胶囊能有效地抑制CVB4在Hep-2细胞中的增殖,其抗病毒作用表现为直接灭活病毒,阻断病毒吸附细胞和抑制病毒进入细胞之后的复制增殖.     

Construction and<Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> study of an E1B-defective adenovirus

An E1B-defective adenovirus named rl/Ad was constructed by homologous recombination.The construction,selection and propagation of recombinant virus was done in the human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293).The in vitro study demonstrated that the recombinant virus has the ability to replicate in and lyse some p53-deficient human tumor cells such as the human glioblastoma tumor cells (U251) and human bladder tumer cells (EJ) but not in the normal cells with functional p53 such as the human fibroblast cells (MRC-5).Also,based on the cytopathic effect (CPE),it was demonstrated that the U251 cells were more sensitive to the infection of rl/Ad than that of EJ cells under identical conditions.In this paper,it was found that rl/Ad could be very useful in studying the in vitro selective replication of E1B-defective adenovirus.This may help to determine the safety of using any E1B-defective adenoviruses in cancer gene therapy.     

A molecular clone of HTLV-III with biological activity

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an epidemic immunosuppressive disease characteristically associated with a depletion of T lymphocytes of the helper/inducer phenotype. Numerous converging lines of research have implicated a human T-cell lymphotropic retrovirus, HTLV-III, in the pathogenesis of AIDS. Recently, several distinct forms of the HTLV-III genome were molecularly cloned in phage and extensively characterized. In the present study, a clone containing full-length HTLV-III proviral DNA was inserted into a plasmid and used to transfect cord blood T cells from normal newborn humans. We demonstrate that this molecular clone is infectious in vitro and causes marked cytopathic effects on T-cell cultures. This is the first direct evidence that the HTLV-III genome, rather than a minor component of the virus complex, is cytopathic for T cells. Using this biologically competent clone and mutants derived from it, it should now be possible to localize the subgenomic regions that contribute to the biological effects of HTLV-III.     

Cloning and identification of measles virus receptor gene from marmoset cells

The measles virus (MV) strains with mutated hemagglutinin gene (ha) lost the capacity to infect its sensitive host cells (Vero cells), but it may infect the marmoset B-lymphoblastoid cell line B95a. From above, we can presume that there is a novel cellular receptor for those measles virus strains on B95a cell s. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we screened and cloned a novel gene--bip (B-lympho- blastoid interaction protein of marmoset) from B95a cell cDNA library, which encoded a protein interacting with measles virus hemagglutinin protein (Ha). The bip cDNA was 1540 base pairs in length and contained a unique open rea ding frame (ORF) of 1011 base pairs encoding a transmembrane protein of 337 amino acid residues. The primary structure of amino acids residue is predicted that the Bip comprised a hydrophobic transmembrane domain and a hydrophobic leader region. The researches about the deletion mutants showed that the deletion of tran smembrane domain in Bip did not affect the interaction between Bip and Ha protei ns. Expression of bip in measles virus non-permissive cell line--CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells was performed to prove that CHO/Bip can be infected by meas les virus and then turned to the MV permissive cells. We concluded that the bip gene is a novel measles virus receptor gene in marmoset B-lymphoblastoid cells.     

Construction of cDNA library, nucleotide sequence and analysis of entire genome of classical swine fever virus strain Shimen

According to the previously published CSFV sequences, 18 pairs of primers have been designed and synthesized, which cover the entire genome of CSFV strain Shimen. Each cDNA fragment has been amplified by RT-PCR from the anticoagulant blood of strain Shimen infected pig. The PCR products have been cloned respectively and sequenced. Results show that the cDNA library of strain Shimen and its nucleotide sequence have been obtained. The genomic RNA of strain Shimen is 12 298 nucleotides in length, containing a 5' and a 3' noncoding region 373 and 231 nt long respectively. The center of genome is a single large open reading frame of 11 697 nt which encodes a polyprotein of 3 898 amino acids. The entire sequence of strain Shimen has also been compared with that of other CSFV strains.     

猪轮状病毒的细胞培养

在猴肾传代细胞系（MA－104）上成功培养了猪的轮状病毒。病毒接种前用胰酶处理且维持液中不含血清，连续传代后出现明显的细胞病变（CPE）：细胞先肿大变圆，边界不清，后聚集、萎缩，直到死亡脱落。     

Construction of cDNA library, nucleotide sequence and analysis of entire genome of classical swine fever virus strain Shimen

According to the previously published CSFV sequences, 18 pairs of primers have been designed and synthesized, which cover the entire genome of CSFV strain Shimen. Each cDNA fragment has been amplified by RT-PCR from the anticoagulant blood of strain Shimen infected pig. The PCR products have been cloned respectively and sequenced. Results show that the cDNA library of strain Shimen and its nucleotide sequence have been obtained. The genomic RNA of strain Shimen is 12 298 nucleotides in length, containing a 5′ and a 3′ noncoding region 373 and 231 nt long respectively. The center of genome is a single large open reading frame of 11 697 nt which encodes a polyprotein of 3 898 amino acids. The entire sequence of strain Shimen has also been compared with that of other CSFV strains.     

Role of the HTLV-III/LAV envelope in syncytium formation and cytopathicity

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by marked depletion of the T4+ helper subset of T cells. The aetiological agent of the disease, the human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III)/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), specifically kills T4+ cells in vitro. Part of this specificity for the T4+ population residues in the relative efficiency with which HTLV-III infects these cells, as a result of a specific interaction between the T4 molecule and the virus envelope glycoprotein. In addition, the cytotoxic consequences of HTLV-III replication are dependent on cell type, as certain lymphoid and myeloid cells can be productively infected without notable cytopathic effect. Here we investigate the basis for the specific cytotoxicity of the virus, and report that high-level expression of the HTLV-III envelope gene induces syncytia and concomitant cell death in T4+ cell lines but not in a B-lymphocyte line. Syncytium formation depends on the interaction of envelope-expressing cells with neighbouring cells bearing surface T4 molecules. These results explain, at least in part, the specific cytopathic effect of HTLV-III infections.     

Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for bovine carboxypeptidase E

Carboxypeptidase E (enkephalin convertase) was first identified as the carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of enkephalin in bovine adrenal chromaffin granules. A similar enzyme is present in many brain regions and in purified secretory granules from rat pituitary and rat insulinoma. Within the secretory granules, carboxypeptidase E (CPE) activity is found in both a soluble and a membrane-bound form, which differ slightly in relative molecular mass (Mr). Here, to investigate whether the CPE activities in the various tissues are produced from a single gene, purified CPE was partially sequenced and oligonucleotide probes were used to isolate a clone encoding CPE from a bovine pituitary complementary DNA library. This cDNA hybridizes to bovine pituitary poly(A)+ RNAs of approximately 3.3, 2.6 and 2.1 kilobases (kb), with the 3.3-kb messenger RNA the predominant species. The predicted amino-acid sequence of the cDNA clone contains the partially determined sequences of CPE, several pairs of basic amino acids and displays some homology with both carboxypeptidases A and B. Restriction analysis of bovine genomic DNA suggests only one gene for CPE. This is consistent with a broad role for CPE in the biosynthesis of many neuropeptides.