利用电子磁谱仪测量超热电子能谱和注量

为了测量超热电子能谱和注量,利用磁感应强度为1200Gs和600Gs,对应的量程分别为258keV～3MeV、70keV～1200keV的电子磁谱仪,测量靶前法线方向和靶后激光传输方向超热电子能谱。用LiF热释光探测器(TLD)记录超热电子的总剂量,然后根据得到的TLD剂量就可推出电子注量,从而得到超热电子的能谱。     

飞秒激光与固体靶相互作用中产生表面电子的实验研究

在近相对论光强下, 对p偏振超强激光脉冲与固体靶相互作用过程中产生的超热电子的角分布和能谱进行了研究. 实验发现, 超热电子的发射主要集中在三个方向: 靠近靶面方向、法线方向和激光的背向. 结果分析表明: 导致超热电子沿着靶面发射的原因是它受到靶前的鞘层电场与表面磁场的共同作用; 而沿着法线方向发射的超热电子的主要加速机制是共振吸收机制.     

激光偏振态对飞秒激光等离子体中产生的超热电子喷射方向的影响

采用2×10 16 W/cm 2 的超短激光脉冲辐照铝靶,研究了激光偏振态对超热电珑子发射的影响.对s偏振光,向外传播的超热电子射流沿激光偏振方向发射,而对于p偏振光,超热电子射流方向靠近靶面法线方向.文中还通过观测靶背面的X射线韧致辐射,对p,s偏振光产生的向内传播的超热电子行为进行了研究.     

激光功率密度对超热电子发射方向的影响

超短脉冲强激光与固体靶相互作用后会产生高能超热电子, 就超热电子对激光功率密度的依赖关系进行了研究. 实验结果发现, 在非相对论光强下超热电子的发射方向主要在激光的偏振面内, 并且在较低光强时超热电子的发射方向接近激光的偏振方向, 随着光强的增加, 在接近激光光轴的方向上的超热电子数目逐渐增多; 在相对论光强时超热电子的发射方向偏离偏振面而转向激光的反射方向.     

光子注量到周围剂量当量转换系数的Monte-Carlo模拟

本文采用蒙特卡罗程序EGS5计算了10 keV～10 MeV光子注量到周围剂量当量的转换系数.模拟计算中考虑了两种情况：1）不带次级电子模拟;2）带次级电子模拟.把两种情况下的计算值与前研究者的计算值及ICRP 74号报告中的建议值进行了比较.并给出了用于计算光子注量与周围剂量当量间的转换系数的拟合公式。     

飞秒激光与双层靶相互作用靶背质子加速实验研究

研究了飞秒激光与10μm的Cu和5μm的C8H8构成的双层薄膜靶相互作用中在靶背法线方向质子的能量分布.采用CR39固体核径迹探测器和Thomson磁谱仪相结合测量质子能谱.实验结果表明:质子沿着靶背法线方向发射;随着质子能量的增加,质子数减少;质子在一定能量处出现截断,截止能是1179 keV.     

强流中子发生器n—γ辐射场参数的测量

为满足强流中子发生器１４ＭｅＶ中子的辐照实验要求，已建立了基本配套的中子注量测量装置和两个环境剂量监测站。在样品待辐照的近靶区，测量了中子能谱、中子和γ剂量的空间分布。ｎ－γ辐射场参数的测量将为中子物理实验和加速器的安全运行提供有用数据。     

注银热解碳的抗菌机理研究

使用革兰氏阳性菌--金黄色葡萄球菌,对注银热解碳的抗菌机理作了探讨分析.银离子的注入能量为70 keV,注入剂量分别为 5×1014, 1×1016, 5×1017 ion/cm2.用俄歇电子能谱(AES)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对样品表面进行了微观分析.结果表明:材料表面形成了富银层;对注银剂量相同的热解碳,直接接触的抗菌效果比其滤液的抗菌效果好.说明注银热解碳的抗菌作用是溶出的银离子和未溶出的材料表面络合状银离子的共同抗菌结果,且杀菌以银离子溶出为主.     

负离子注入硅橡胶水接触角的测量

通过20keV不同注量的碳负离子注入硅橡胶改善其表面亲水性,采用座滴法测量水接触角来表征亲水性.选择拟合速度较快,准确性较高的椭圆拟合算法对碳负离子注入前后硅橡胶表面水接触角随时间的变化进行测量.结果发现硅橡胶离子注入前后表面水接触角同时达到稳定变化的时间大约10~30s.选定拍照延迟时间为20s,并选择Laplace-Young拟合算法测量20keV时碳负离子注入硅橡胶后水接触角随注量的变化.结果表明,碳负离子注入后硅橡胶表面亲水性得到明显改善,并在注量为3×10~(15)·cm~(-2)时,水接触角最小.     

电子碰撞Ag的L壳层电离截面的测量

作者用Si(Li)探测器测量了能量为5～2keV的电子碰撞Ag的L壳总平均电离截面；用Monte Carlo方法计算的电子反射能谱，修正了来自衬底的反射电子对测量结果的影响．作者对实验结果与Cryzinski的理论计算结果进了比较．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to