具有左中心幂等元的完美l-ample半群

定义完美l-ample半群,并研究具有左中心幂等元的完美l-ample半群的半格分解。利用半格分解,证明了半群S为具有左中心幂等元的完美l-ample半群,当且仅当S为直积Mα×Λα的强半格,其中Mα是右可消幂幺半群,Λα是右零带。这一结果为具有左中心幂等元的完美l-ample半群结构的建立奠定了基础。     

关于毕竟C—rpp半群

利用半群上的关系f^(*),定义了毕竟C-rpp半群,毕竟C－rpp半群是不同于C-wrpp半群的C-rpp半群的推广,证明了半群S是毕竟C-rpp半群当且仅当S是左消幺半群的强半格的膨胀,并且半群S是毕竟C-rpp半群当且仅当S是C-rpp半群的膨胀。     

关于左C-rpp半群的一点注记

半群S称为左C-rpp半群,如果S是强rpp半群,且满足L（l）是同余且对于任意幂等元e,都有eS∈Se,该文给出了左C-rpp半群的若干特征。     

Clifford半群的膨胀

引入半群S上的右（左）同余及左（右）平方正则半群，左平方正则半群类在左正则半群类的真推广，证明了半群S是左平方正则半群当且仅当S的每一个L^#-类是S的子半群，同时证明了半群S是群的强半格的膨胀当且仅当S的每一个L^#-类含有一个幕等元，且S的幕等元是中心的。     

某些左S-系之间关系的刻划

设S是一个幺半群，本文证明了所有正则左S-系是挠自由的当且仅当对每个元e^2=e∈S和每个S中的左消元r，必存在元t∈s，使得tre=e，从而改进了文献[4]的一个结果．     

关于左∧半群

本文引入左∧，右∧半群并讨论其基本蛋白质，并给出∧半群的基本类型，文中证明完全单半群是左∧半群仅当它是矩形群，则该半群必是∧半群，同时证明了正则的左、右∧半群必是纯正半群，最后，证明左Ｃ半群是左∧半群并证明强左Ｃ半群是∧半群当且仅当它的幂等元带是∧半群。     

守全π—正则半群环的单位元

一个完全 [0 - ]单半群 S具有如下性质 :若 0≠ e∈ E(S) ,a∈ S且 ea≠ 0 ,则存在 f∈ E(S)使得 a =f ea.本文利用完全 [0 - ]单半群的这一性质以及 [0 - ]单的完全π-正则半群必是完全 [0 - ]单的这一事实 ,考察了完全π-正则半群环的单位元 ,最终得到如下结果 :设 S是完全π-正则半群 ,则 RS含单位元当且仅当 R〈E(S)〉含单位元 ,且存在 E(S)的一个有限子集 U,使得 S=SU =US.另得到一个关于完全 [0 - ]单半群的一个等价描述 :一个 [0 - ]单半群 S是完全 [0 - ]单的当且仅当 S是左π-正则的且 S包含一个非零幂等元     

可裂rpp半群

研究了可裂rpp半群,若S为rpp半群,那么S为型-(I,(&)*)的可裂半群当且仅当S为带和左消去幺半群的半直积的幂等元(&)*-好同态像.     

关于右C-qrpp半群

探讨左C-wrpp半群的对偶——右C-qrpp半群,得到了这类半群的若干特征,特别地,证明了强qrpp半群S是右C-qrpp半群的充分必要条件为S是右零带和左R-可消幺半群的直积的半格.     

具左中心投射元的U-rpp半群

研究了具左中心投射元的U-rpp半群(简称左U-rpp半群)。这类半群是具左中心幂等元的富足半群在U-rpp半群类中的一个自然推广。在定义具左中心投射元的U-rpp半群和U-左可消半群之后,借助具左中心投射元的U-rpp半群上的半格同余,建立了此类半群的一个代数结构。证明了一个半群(S,U)是具左中心投射元的U-rpp半群,当且仅当(S,U)是U-左可消幺半群和右零带的直积的半格;当且仅当(S,U)是U-左可消幺半群和右零带的直积的强半格.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-