甘草黄酮的提取及影响活性因素研究

研究了我国3种主要甘草品种的总黄酮提取方法，采用HPTLC法定性检测和分光光度法测定含量，并应用对DPPH清除率研究影响其活性的几个因素．结果表明：在总黄酮的含量方面，光果甘草〉乌拉尔甘草〉胀果甘草；甘草品种、应用微波处理和甘草放置时间等因素对活性都有着较大影响，而提取温度对活性几乎不产生影响．     

甘草叶总黄酮提取工艺

为建立一种高效提取甘草叶中总黄酮的方法,对比研究了闪式提取、索氏抽提、搅拌提取、超声波提取4种方法对胀果甘草叶总黄酮的提取效果,并利用正交实验对总黄酮的闪式提取工艺进行了优化。结果表明：闪式提取法所用提取时间短,提取溶剂用量少,各因素对总黄酮提取效果的影响程度依次为固液比〉乙醇浓度〉提取时间,最佳提取工艺为固液比1：40,乙醇浓度70％,提取时间6min．闪式提取法是一种高效、快速提取甘草叶中总黄酮的方法。     

西北不同区域商品甘草的质量评价分析

目的:对西北不同区域商品甘草进行质量评价分析.方法:文献考证、信访调查、实地采样、有效成分质量评价.结论:西北不同区域的商品甘草主要有乌拉尔甘草、黄甘草和胀果甘草3个品种,以乌拉尔甘草为主流品种;以甘草酸、甘草苷为评价指标,采用高效液相色谱法得出:不同品种间有效成分含量不尽相同,同一品种不同产地有效成分含量差异较大.本研究为甘草品质的规范化控制提供了科学依据,为西北地区甘草资源的可持续开发与利用奠定了一定的理论基础.     

乌拉尔甘草与刺果甘草茎叶营养成分的比较

对乌拉尔甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis,Fisch)和刺果甘草（Clycyrrhiza pallidiflora Max)茎叶进行了氨基酸，微量元素及蛋白质，糖，粗脂肪等营养成分的测定和分析。结果表明；乌拉尔甘草茎叶氨基酸含量为26.96%（干物质），粗蛋白含量为23.56%，总糖含量为14.05%。粗纤维含量为19.6%，刺果甘草氨基酸，钙、钾含量较高，分别为28.24%（干物质），1.41mg/g,1.47mg/g，从而为其资源的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

紫外分光光度法检测注射用碟脉酮总黄酮方法的建立

目的：建立一种准确快捷检测注射用注射用碟脉酮总黄酮含量的方法。方法：以芦丁为标准品，采用紫外分光光度法在波长510nm处测定注射用碟脉酮的总黄酮。结果：芦丁在0．2082mg～1．2494mg范围内呈良好的线性关系，总黄酮平均回收率为99．16％，RSD为1．23％。注射用碟眯酮总黄酮含量总黄酮含量均不低于80％。结论：该方法稳定、准确，是一种理想的注射用碟脉酮总黄酮含量测定方法。     

双波长薄层扫描法测定乌拉尔甘草中甘草酸的含量

用双波长薄层扫描法对甘草酸含量较高的４年生乌拉尔甘草进行了测定．薄层色谱条件：硅胶Ｇ板,乙酸乙酯－甲酸－冰醋酸－水（３０２２４）展开,１０％硫酸乙醇液显色,λＳ＝４２５ｎｍ,λＲ＝７００ｎｍ．     

天山花楸中总黄酮和槲皮素测定

以芦丁、槲皮素为标准品建立了用分光光度法测定天山花楸叶中总黄酮的含量和果实中槲皮素含量的测定方法，分别采用5％ NaNO2～10％Al（NO3）3～4％NaOH和2％AlCl3显色系统，并分别在510nm和422nm处进行了含量测定。结果表明：天山花楸果实中总黄酮为7．75％（RSD％=1．09），在1．596～6．384mg／100mL（R^2=0．9999）范围内，线性关系良好；7月天山花楸叶子中槲皮素为0．777％（RSD％=0．66）、8月其叶子中槲皮素为0．397％（RSD％=0．81），叶子中槲皮素在0．241～0．723mg／100mL（R^2=0．9995）范围内，线性关系良好。     

用RP-HPLC法同时测定甘草中的甘草酸和甘草次酸

建立了以RP-HPLC法同时测定甘草中的甘草酸和甘草次酸的方法．采用ODS色谱柱,甲醇-乙酸(φ=3．6％)水溶液为流动相(梯度洗脱),流速为0．8mL／min,检测波长为254nm,柱温为室温．测得甘草酸的线性范围为0．20～1．00g／L,平均回收率为91.2％,RSD=1．28％;甘草次酸的线性范围为0．0022～0．0110g／L,平均回收率为97．5％,RSD=2．20％．该实验为甘草综合品质的评价提供了一种新方法．     

亚临界水萃取甘草残渣共提取甘草总黄酮及低聚糖

以甘草残渣为原料,开展亚临界水萃取(SWE)甘草总黄酮及低聚糖的研究。由木质纤维素含量的测定及高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)检测结果表明:在亚临界水萃取甘草总黄酮过程中,甘草残渣中的木质纤维素存在溶出现象,且以半纤维素为主,并伴随低聚糖的生成;升高温度可促进木质纤维素解聚,从而提高甘草总黄酮和低聚糖的提取率,但长时间高温萃取会造成甘草总黄酮的降解和低聚糖的分解,并加速了木质素的溶出,对提取形成阻碍。通过正交设计优化的萃取条件为甘草残渣粒径250～425μm、液固比15 mL/g、185℃萃取135 min。在此萃取条件下,甘草总黄酮提取率为2.81%,低聚糖提取率为9.6%(其中81.3%为低聚木糖)。该研究表明亚临界水萃取可实现甘草总黄酮与低聚糖的共提取。     

超声波法提取甘草中的甘草酸

为了研究甘草酸的提取及提高提取产率的方法,以新疆乌拉尔甘草的粗粉为原料,研究了超声波条件下影响提取率的几个因素,包括溶剂、超声波作用的时间、静置时间等,结果表明：用超声波法提取,以70％乙醇为提取溶剂,超声频率为40kHz,超声作用时间为1h,静置24h,甘草酸的提取率可达18．41％．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.