塔里木北山地橄榄岩——辉石岩的微量元素地球化学特征及其深部过程

橄榄岩一辉石岩是塔里木北山地区镁铁一超镁铁岩体中非常重要的岩石类型.橄榄岩一辉石岩的主元素特征表明其主要为准铝质岩石,同时存在过碱质系列岩石.在稀土元素CI标准化配分图上,表现为LREE富集,HREE配分曲线平坦;在微量元素N-MORB标准化的蛛网图上,表现为CS,U,Pb等大离子低场强元素强烈富集,Nb,Ta,zr,Ti等高场强元素明显亏损;伽(Sm)/叫(Nd)值特征表明研究区橄榄一辉石岩源于地幔源区.微量元素地球化学研究表明,塔里木北山地区橄榄岩一辉石岩形成于活动大陆边缘弧后张裂构造环境,为构造应力释放阶段的产物.本文及前期研究结果表明:橄榄岩、辉石岩和辉长岩的地球化学特征研究在解决深部地质过程方面具有较大潜力.     

塔里木板块东南缘大敖包沟铜镍矿床岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

大敖包沟铜镍矿位于塔里木板块东南缘,其发现是近年来该区带找矿的重大突破.已发现岩体具有全岩矿化特征,初步划分3个岩相,由橄榄辉石岩、辉石岩和辉长岩组成,岩石w(Si O2)集中于44.2%～49.1%,具低铝、低钛、低碱、高镁、高铁特征,m/f=1.73～6.10,平均4.05,属于铁质超镁铁质岩.在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,岩石具有相对富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K、Sr、LREE、U、Pb,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf,以及较高的w(Zr)/w(Y)(0.83～6.41)、w(Ta)/w(Yb)(0.14～0.19)和较低的w(Zr)/w(Nb)(2.65～31.92)地球化学特征.岩石ΣREE=28.25×10-6～45.87×10-6、(w(La)/w(Yb))N=2.56～10.06、δ(Eu)=0.76～1.06,具有LREE相对富集特征.综合大敖包沟岩体地质特征和区域地质背景,推断大敖包沟岩体可能形成于塔里木板块东南缘一个大陆裂谷环境.     

大别造山带碧溪岭超镁铁岩的铂族元素特征

采用镍锍火试金法结合ICP-MS（等离子体质谱）分析了碧溪岭榴辉岩和石榴橄榄岩样品中的Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt和Pd的含量,结果显示其铂族元素（PGE）的含量随着岩石类型呈规律性的变化．从石榴橄榄岩→榴辉岩,各个铂族元素的含量及总量均逐渐降低．碧溪岭超镁铁岩的PGE分布模式是硫化物和非硫化物相（尖晶石／4g铁矿或合金或微粒的金属集合体）共同作用的结果．尽管超高压变质作用改变了碧溪岭超镁铁岩石的原始结构,但是主微量元素、同位素和铂族元素特征均表明,碧溪岭超镁铁岩的母源岩浆来自可能有古老岩石圈地幔参与的地幔源区,其原岩是经历过岩浆结晶分异作用形成的堆晶岩,并且在岩浆的演化过程中受到过地壳物质的混染．     

西藏朗县蛇绿混杂岩的地球化学特征及地质意义

在岩石学研究的基础上,对西藏东南部朗县蛇绿混杂岩的岩石地球化学进行了系统研究.朗县蛇绿混杂岩的变质橄榄岩和变辉绿岩具有低Na2O+K2O,且Na2OK2O,低P2O5以及MgO和TiO2变化较大等特点;稀土配分模式为轻稀土略微亏损或富集的平坦型;大离子亲石元素Rb和Sr强烈亏损,高场强元素变化较大.变玄武岩的TiO2,P2O5与N-MORB十分接近;稀土配分模式为轻稀土略微亏损或富集的平坦型,拉索村和白露村-朗县附近地区玄武岩具有E-MORB特征,而里龙地区的玄武岩具有N-MORB特点;与典型的洋中脊玄武岩比较,大离子亲石元素和高场强元素的丰度值普遍偏高,拉索地区的大离子亲石元素比较接近N-MORB,里龙地区的高场强元素十分接近N-MORB.体现具有典型洋中脊玄武岩的特征但又不完全相同,微量元素分布形式非常类似于阿曼蛇绿岩的特征,表明朗县蛇绿混杂岩可能形成于大洋中脊到岛弧的过渡环境.     

藏东类乌齐地区始新世钾玄质侵入岩特征及构造环境

往过同岩体位于藏东类乌齐地区往过同,岩石类型为斑状中粒黑云母二长花岗岩,黑云母K-Ar同位素年龄为35 Ma,时代为始新世。往过同花岗岩富硅、铝、碱,高钾贫钛,低铁、镁、钙,在SiO2-K2O和K2O-Na2O图解中样品均落在钾玄岩系列区,岩石系列为钾玄质花岗岩。岩石富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,负Eu异常;在原始地幔蛛网图上Th强烈富集,Sr呈现低谷负异常,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti亏损,表现出钾玄岩的地球化学特征。经分析,并应用构造环境判别图解,往过同花岗岩形成于后碰撞的构造环境。     

北黄海盆地中—上侏罗统火山岩岩石地球化学特征及构造背景

对北黄海盆地X井钻遇中—上侏罗统暗色岩组进行研究.研究结果表明:北黄海盆地X井钻遇中—上侏罗统暗色岩组中有2层火山岩,以夹层产出;火山岩为钙碱性系列,且两层火山岩Na2O含量差别较大,下层是钠质流纹岩,上层是钾质流纹岩-英安岩;2层火山岩的微量元素、稀土元素地球化学特征相似;稀土元素配分型式为轻稀土富集的右倾型,轻、重稀土分馏不明显,具微弱铕异常;Rb,Sr,Ba和K等不相容的大离子亲石元素以及和Hf和Zr等不相容的高场强元素富集,Ti,Nb和Yb等难溶元素呈现较强亏损,且(w(Rb)/w(Yb))N＞1,岩浆具有地壳物质属性;Nb和Ta相对亏损,Ba相对富集,岩石具有火山弧火山岩地球化学特征;结合w(Ti)/w(Zr)-w(Ti)/w(Y)岩石成因以及w(Nb)-w(Y)和w(Rb)-w(Y+Nb)构造环境判别图,认为研究区火山岩形成于与俯冲有关的火山弧或弧后伸展环境.下层火山岩岩浆是盆地裂陷较深时深部地壳部分熔融的产物,源区受幔源物质混染,Na2O质量分数高;上层火山岩岩浆是盆地裂陷较浅时浅部地壳部分熔融的产物,Na2O质量分数低.     

西藏嘎拉勒铜金矿床“镁质矽卡岩”或“超镁铁质岩”的厘定与成因探讨

嘎拉勒铜金矿床是班公湖-怒江成矿带南缘碰撞期成矿事件的代表性矿床,其金资源量达到大型以上规模。鉴于在矿床勘查中对矿床成因的不同认识导致找矿勘查理论及找矿方向的差异,作者从矿床成因立足之本的"镁质矽卡岩"与"超镁铁岩"的厘定出发,重点研究了这类岩石的岩石学以及岩石地球化学特征。主元素方面,"超镁铁岩"与白云岩及花岗闪长岩之间具有明显的接触双交代特征;痕量元素具有负Ba、K、Ti异常,富集Rb、U、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Hf、Ti等高场强元素的特征;稀土元素表现为轻重稀土分馏明显,轻稀土明显陡倾的配分形式。痕量元素与稀土元素地球化学特征与区域上与蛇绿岩套有关的镁铁质岩地球化学特征严重不符,而与白云岩及花岗闪长岩之间具有密切的亲缘性及继承性。综合研究表明,前人所谓"超镁铁岩"应为接触交代成因镁质矽卡岩,矿床为接触交代矽卡岩型铜金矿床。     

橄榄岩-熔体反应过程中微量元素和同位素组成的转变

地幔橄榄岩-熔体反应不仅能使主量元素亏损的高镁橄榄岩转变为主量元素饱满的低镁橄榄岩,而且能够引起橄榄岩的微量元素和同位素组成的明显变化.由于参与反应的熔体的来源和性质的差异,反应所产生的结果亦截然不同.模拟计算表明,来自再循环的地壳物质部分熔融所产生的熔体能够造成橄榄岩微量元素和同位素组成的明显富集,而来自软流圈的玄武质熔体则可造成橄榄岩微量元素和同位素组成的相对亏损.橄榄岩-熔体反应过程能够合理地解释目前所发现的岩石圈地幔样品的主、微量元素和同位素组成的巨大变化,所以,存在于岩石圈地幔中的橄榄岩-熔体的相互反应可能是岩石圈演化的重要方式之一.     

内蒙古大苏吉地区埃达克质花岗岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

大苏吉花岗岩体位于内蒙古中部东西向白云鄂博-赤峰花岗岩带上,主量元素分析显示:富硅,铝碱质量分数偏高,相对富钠贫钾,贫钙、镁,岩浆分异演化程度高,属过铝质钙碱系列岩石.稀土和微量元素分析显示:稀土元素富集程度低,轻稀土相对富集,重稀土相对亏损,δ(Eu)=1.28~6.58,呈w(Eu)正异常.w(Sr)高,w(Y)、w(Yb)低,w(Sr)/w(Y)高,大离子亲石元素K、Th、Rb、Ba、Sr等富集,高场强元素Ta、Nb、Y、Yb等相对亏损,与典型的埃达克岩微量元素地球化学特征相似.综合分析表明,大苏吉地区埃达克质花岗岩可能是由俯冲的玄武质洋壳板片部分熔融形成的,埃达克质花岗岩的确定为探讨板块俯冲构造演化提供了新的证据,对深化该区成矿规律和找矿具有借鉴和指导意义.     

白杨河杨庄地区铀矿区基性岩脉地球化学特征及其源区性质

白杨河铀矿区近南北向分布的辉绿岩构成区内基性岩脉的主体。研究表明,杨庄地区铀矿床辉绿岩形成于大陆板内构造环境,地壳物质的混染作用影响不明显,基本表示了原始岩浆的成分。岩石具有明显的LREE富集(La/Yb)N=3.02~5.07和大离子亲石元素(K,Ba等)富集现象,亏损高场强元素Nb和Ta;略微高Eu正异常;源区与深俯冲作用引起的地幔交代作用有关;稀土元素及微量元素比值表明,杨庄地区铀矿床辉绿岩源区为过渡型地幔源区,其成因与白杨河地区地壳物质熔融和岩浆结晶分异作用有关。     

Petrology and thermal structure of the Hawaiian plume from Mauna Kea volcano

There is uncertainty about whether the abundant tholeiitic lavas on Hawaii are the product of melt from peridotite or pyroxenite/eclogite rocks. Using a parameterization of melting experiments on peridotite with glass analyses from the Hawaii Scientific Deep Project 2 on Mauna Kea volcano, I show here that a small population of the core samples had fractionated from a peridotite-source primary magma. Most lavas, however, differentiated from magmas that were too deficient in CaO and enriched in NiO (ref. 2) to have formed from a peridotite source. For these, experiments indicate that they were produced by the melting of garnet pyroxenite, a lithology that had formed in a second stage by reaction of peridotite with partial melts of subducted oceanic crust. Samples in the Hawaiian core are therefore consistent with previous suggestions that pyroxenite occurs in a host peridotite, and both contribute to melt production. Primary magma compositions vary down the drill core, and these reveal evidence for temperature variations within the underlying mantle plume. Mauna Kea magmatism is represented in other Hawaiian volcanoes, and provides a key for a general understanding of melt production in lithologically heterogeneous mantle.     

Mineralogy of the mid-ocean-ridge basalt source from neodymium isotopic composition of abyssal peridotites

Inferring the melting process at mid-ocean ridges, and the physical conditions under which melting takes place, usually relies on the assumption of compositional similarity between all mid-ocean-ridge basalt sources. Models of mantle melting therefore tend to be restricted to those that consider the presence of only one lithology in the mantle, peridotite. Evidence from xenoliths and peridotite massifs show that after peridotite, pyroxenite and eclogite are the most abundant rock types in the mantle. But at mid-ocean ridges, where most of the melting takes place, and in ophiolites, pyroxenite is rarely found. Here we present neodymium isotopic compositions of abyssal peridotites to investigate whether peridotite can indeed be the sole source for mid-ocean-ridge basalts. By comparing the isotopic compositions of basalts and peridotites at two segments of the southwest Indian ridge, we show that a component other than peridotite is required to explain the low end of the (143)Nd/(144)Nd variations of the basalts. This component is likely to have a lower melting temperature than peridotite, such as pyroxenite or eclogite, which could explain why it is not observed at mid-ocean ridges.     

Trace element characteristics in the diopsides of peridotite xenoliths: a laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry study

Among the various xenoliths entrained by the Cenozoic Hannuoba basalts, peridotite is the most abundant one. The trace elements of the diopsides from the peridotite xenoliths were analysed by LA-ICP-MS. The overall depletion and some heterogeneity of the continental mantle beneath northern North China Craton were indicated by the characteristics of the trace elements. The ∑REE amount in diopside correlates with the Cr/(Cr+Al) ratio of diopside which is indicative of xenolith's partial melting degree. As the peridotite hosts and pyroxenite veins show similar REE distribution patterns, the composite xenoliths are probably formed by mantle deformation, rather than by the late metasomatism of mantle fluids/melts.     

北山中部地区闪长岩-花岗岩类成因及构造背景

北山中部地区中酸性侵入岩以海西中晚期为主，加里东晚期次之。岩石类型有辉长岩、闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、斜长花岗岩和花岗岩类。岩浆活动分为3个旋回6期，其中海西中期第2，3期和海西晚期岩浆活动员为强烈。研究区岩体多呈岩株、岩枝和岩基产出，围岩普遍发育混合岩化和同化混染，岩石具花岗结构，块状-(巨)斑状构造。岩石化学成分为钙碱性系列，闪长岩分异程度低，斜长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩分异程度中等，花岗岩类相对较高。加里东晚期和海西晚期花岗岩类属S(海西)型花岗岩类，海西中期闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和斜长花岗岩类则属I型(科迪勒拉)，闪长岩属交代(花岗岩化)成因，花岗闪长岩-花岗岩类属岩浆成因。加里东晚期花岗岩是中-晚志留世北山地区哈萨克斯坦板块向南俯冲使上地壳局部熔融的结果；海西中期闪长岩是混合岩化(花岗岩化)的产物；花岗闪长岩和斜长花岗岩是裂谷扩张阶段上地慢部分熔融的结果；而海西晚期花岗岩是裂谷萎缩和闭合阶段地壳局部熔融的结果。     

新疆北山坡北基性超基性杂岩特征及成矿远景

新疆北山坡北基性-超基性杂岩体逆向同源成分演化特征明显、结构演化不清楚,包括角闪辉长岩、辉长苏长岩、橄榄辉长岩、橄榄辉石岩和辉石橄榄岩、斜长(拉长)岩5个岩相单元。钛铁矿化与角闪辉长岩相有关,铜镍矿化与橄榄辉长岩相和橄榄辉石岩及辉石橄榄岩相有关。综合研究认为,新疆北山构造带西段坡北杂岩具有较好的铜镍矿及钛铁矿成矿和找矿前景。     

浙江龙泉碰撞混杂岩的发现及其对华南碰撞造山带研究的意义

在华南丽水一建阳地区作者首次发现蛇绿混杂岩、混杂岩的外来岩块是代表古洋壳碎片的橄榄岩、辉石岩、辉长岩、玄武岩、斜长角闪岩,石榴角闪岩和代表陆壳结晶基底一沉积盖层的斜长片麻岩、花岗岩,石英粉砂岩、灰岩。基质是强烈片理化的深海复理石。混杂岩沿北东向从福建南平一建瓯到浙江龙泉一松阳断续出露。研究发现混杂岩分为陡倾斜的内带和平缓的向北西逆冲的外带,监伴随有强烈的构造变形带、糜棱岩带和碰撞型花岗岩。作者认为这代表二个陆壳地体碰撞的缝合线、碰撞造山运动发生在奥陶纪,并导致二个陆壳地体之间南华海的消亡。     

新疆北山晚古生代克拉通裂谷火山作用特征

新疆北山构造带克拉通裂谷活动期火山活动频繁,火山作用较强烈.区内晚古生代火山岩分布广泛,集中发育于下石炭统上部、上石炭统和下二叠统,与正常沉积岩呈断续间互层状产出.据岩石地层研究、火山岩产状及接触关系,划分为4个火山旋回,共9个火山喷溢韵律.在对区内火山岩地质特征、岩石类型、岩石化学和稀土元素地球化学特征研究基础上,探讨了火山岩的演化特点和形成环境.     

Delamination and destruction of the North China Craton

This article presents an overview on recent developments in studies of chemical and physical processes of lithospheric delamination with respect to destruction of the North China Craton. It is emphasized that the pyroxenite source resulting from interaction between eclogite-derived melt and peridotite is a direct consequence of delamination. The pyroxenite source thus formed has unique mineralogical and geochemical features, which characterize Mesozoic basalts of the North China Craton. Melt-peridotite interaction played an important role in refertilization of cratonic lithospheric mantle, leading to density increase, weakening and final destabilization of the North China Craton. The nature of the melt is the key to distinguish mechanisms of destructing this craton.     

Discovery of mantle and lower crust xenoliths from early Cretaceous volcanic rocks of southwestern Tianshan, Xinjiang

In Tuoyun area of southwestern Tianshan, mantle and lower crust xenoliths are present in the volcanic rocks with ages of 101–123 Ma. Mantle xenoliths include mineral megacrysts such as kaersutite and pargasite, feldspar, biotite, and rare pyroxene and rock fragments such as perodotite, pyroxenite, amphibolite, and rare glimmerite. Lower crust xeno-liths are mainly banded and massive granulite. The volcanic rocks were produced by within-plate magmatism. Occurrence of hydrous and volatile mineral megacrysts, amphibolite, and some pyroxenite containing hydrous and volatile minerals indicates that mantle metasomatism was intense. Undoubtedly, this discovery is very important to understanding of the crust-mantle structure and geodynamic background in depth in southwestern Tianshan and geological correlation with adjacent regions.     

新疆北山地区金矿矿物地球化学特征

通过对北山地区金矿赋矿围岩——碳质板岩、浅变质含碳碎屑岩及主要载金矿物黄铁矿和石英的微量元素、稀土元素特征研究,认为北山地区金矿床是在含金建造的成矿物质基础上,经后期深源热液能量叠加的金矿床。