新疆黄山含铜镍矿镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体的岩石学特征及其形成演化规律

新疆黄山含铜镍矿镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体热侵位于下石炭统干洞组变余砂岩、砂质灰岩、细碧玢岩中。杂岩体分为三个侵入期,其中第二期岩石构成了黄山岩体主体。分异较好,由下向上、由西向东可分出辉石橄榄岩相、橄榄二辉岩相、二辉岩相、苏长辉长岩相、辉长岩相。杂岩体是原始岩浆经过深部液态分异和金属硫化物熔离后的派生岩浆结晶形成。这种派生岩浆具富镁、贫碱、低钙特征,归属于橄榄拉斑玄武岩系列。杂岩体结晶温度为1500—860℃,压力为0.26—0.250GPa,fo_2为10~(-11)—10~(-13)。     

内蒙古乌拉特中旗温更辉长岩类的岩石学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

内蒙古乌拉特中旗温更地区发育了一套由角闪辉长岩和橄榄辉长岩组成的混杂堆晶岩系,主要造岩矿物为橄榄石、辉石、斜长石及角闪石等。电子探针数据分析表明,角闪辉长岩中的辉石为透辉石区,而斜长石An平均为86,属倍长石。这些岩石表现为大离子亲石元素（LILE）K,Rb,Sr,Ba明显富集,高场强元素（HFSE）Nb,Ta,Zr相对亏损。根据Al₂-TiO₂,Wo-En-Fs以及An-Mg′图解,结合其微量元素地球化学特征可以判断角闪辉长岩类形成于岛弧环境。橄榄辉长岩中橄榄石Fo平均为74,属贵橄榄石,斜长石An平均为80,属倍长石,辉石全部落入顽辉石区。这些岩石表现了贫SiO₂高MgO,富集大离子亲石元素K,Rb,Sr,Ba和轻稀土（LREE）,个别高场强元素Nb亏损,兼具大洋中脊与岛弧的特征。根据Wo-En-Fs以及An-En图解推测橄榄辉长岩产于弧后盆地环境。温更混杂辉长岩的形成与古亚洲洋板块的俯冲消减作用有关,是研究古亚洲洋演化历史的一个重要岩石学标志。     

华北中部造山带西望山超高温基性麻粒岩的变质演化

华北中部造山带西望山地区基性麻粒岩的变质演化过程研究有助于揭示华北中部带前寒武纪变质基底的形成与演化历史。基于对宣化西望山地区基性麻粒岩的详细岩相学观察与矿物化学分析,识别出3期变质演化阶段:早期进变质阶段(M1)矿物组合为石榴石+单斜辉石+斜长石+金红石+石英;峰期变质阶段(M2)矿物组合为石榴石+单斜辉石+斜长石+角闪石+钛铁矿+熔体;晚期降压阶段(M3)矿物组合为石榴石+单斜辉石+角闪石+斜长石+钛铁矿+磁铁矿。对基性麻粒岩的相平衡模拟研究表明,峰期变质阶段(M2)的温压条件为940～1 000℃,12.4～14 kbar;峰期后降压阶段的温压条件为660～760℃,5～6.2 kbar;构成一条降压冷却的顺时针P-T轨迹。本次研究表明西望山基性麻粒岩经历了高压-超高温变质作用。     

米仓山地区晋宁期基性超基性侵入岩中造岩矿物研究

米仓山地区晋宁期基性超基性侵入岩形成于弧后海盆地环境 ,是扬子板块北缘晋宁期造山构造岩浆旋回早期阶段岩浆活动产物 ,具有层状侵入体的特征。其主要造岩矿物为橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、斜长石和角闪石。对这些矿物的产出状态和化学成分进行了详细研究 ,确定了矿物种属 ;并根据主要造岩矿物特征探讨了米仓山地区晋宁期基性超基性岩的原始岩浆性质、来源、成岩条件及其构造背景。     

皖南蛇绿岩岩套的矿物岩石类型研究

皖南蛇绿岩套主要由三个部分组成:一是超基性岩体,主要由方辉辉橄岩,另有少量零星的纯橄岩、含辉纯橄岩、斜辉辉橄岩等方辉辉橄岩之异离体和极零星的一部分与超基性岩浆的残余物有关的伟晶岩。二是中、基性岩类,它包括辉长岩、辉长闪长岩和基性闪长岩3部分。最后是细碧—角斑岩部分,它在整个岩体中出露很少,呈枕状产出。     

米易新街层状基性超基性侵入体的岩石学特征及其成因探讨

一、岩体地质概况新街岩体位于米易县城北八公里,新街附近。它是一个小型的、但具有明显分异韵律的单斜层状岩体,长约1.2公里,宽在0.5—0.8公里,面积约一平方公里,总体总厚约580米,四周和底板都为玄武岩包围。据接触带玄武岩的角岩化及岩体边缘形成3—6米厚的边缘相细粒辉长岩(照片1),可以证明岩体侵入玄武岩。层状系列主要由超基性出到辉绿辉长岩     

川西元古代蛇绿岩与扬子板块西缘元古代造山带

川西盐边、石棉两地的基性超基性杂岩和火山岩系为世界上少见的元古代高钛到蛇绿岩,这意味着该区曾经历过海洋化过程和板块运动。故康定至攀枝花一线的“康滇地轴”应为原始扬子板块西缘的元古代造山带。文章评述了该区蛇绿岩及有关基性超基性杂岩的研究现状,提出重建该造山带地质历史的思路和线索。     

南秦岭岚皋基性火山岩的地质学 、地球化学及其构造意义

为了研究南秦岭岚皋地区基性火山岩的岩石成因和区域构造背景, 选择岚皋县境内的玄武岩和火山角砾岩进行岩相学、常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的分析。通过分析发现, 它们同属于碱性玄武岩系列, 轻重稀土分异明显, Rb, K 相对Th, Hf 亏损, 不具 Nb, Ta, Zr, Ti 负异常, 整体表现出与 OIB( 洋岛玄武岩) 高度一致的稀土图谱和微量元素特征。岩石成因分析表明, 它们为同源岩浆演化序列, 其原始岩浆起源于尖晶石-石榴石二辉橄榄岩和石榴石二辉橄榄岩地幔源区的低度部分熔融, 在上升过程中基本未受地壳混染的影响。岩浆演化过程中主要经历了单斜辉石、少量斜长石的分离结晶作用。综合区域地质学和微量元素特征, 该组火山岩最有可能形成于洋盆台地或大洋岛构造环境。     

冀北赤城红旗营子杂岩的地质特征及意义

运用野外地质填图、岩石地球化学分析以及同位素年龄等方法探讨冀北赤城红旗营子杂岩的岩石组合、构造属性、变质演化以及时代归属等特征,为重新划分冀北赤城的红旗营子群提供依据。结果显示红旗营子杂岩由云州表壳岩及其内部的退变榴辉岩、蛇纹岩(蛇纹石化方辉橄榄岩)和蛇纹石化(橄榄)大理岩等透镜状构造岩块组成,它们一起经历了晚古生代(321~326 Ma B.P.)区域角闪岩相变质事件。其中,云州表壳岩的岩性主要为石榴黑云斜长片麻岩,原岩是形成于大陆岛弧环境的泥质(含泥质)砂岩,沉积作用发生在晚古生代(340~369Ma B.P.),属于晚古生代沉积-变质地层;石榴黑云斜长片麻岩之中的退变榴辉岩、蛇纹岩(蛇纹石化方辉橄榄岩)和蛇纹石化(橄榄)大理岩等构造岩块应属"外来"的洋壳残片,成因上可能与古亚洲洋的洋壳向南俯冲消减有关。赤城红旗营子杂岩的岩石组合、构造属性、变质演化以及同位素地质年代学等特征明显不同于冀北其他地区的红旗营子群,冀北红旗营子群需要重新划分。     

万岩基性火山-侵入杂岩的地球化学及其构造背景

万岩基性火山-侵入杂岩地处湖南省古丈县境内,江南古陆的西北缘,主要由超浅成的辉长-辉绿岩、基性熔岩和火山碎屑岩所组成。岩石化学和微量元素、稀土元素以及钕同位素地球化学研究表明,万岩基性火山-侵入杂岩属碱性-钙碱性系列的板块内部(即大陆内部)火山作用的产物,形成于雪峰期大陆拉张伸展构造背景之下。     

富宁基性岩区尾硐铜镍硫化物矿床矿化特征及矿床成因探讨

通过对尾硐铜镍硫化物矿床矿区地质特征、矿体分布特征、矿床矿化特征和S同位素分析,认为该矿区内各岩相带呈渐变过渡关系,为同期侵入岩体,存在深部岩浆熔离作用。橄榄苏长辉长岩和辉长苏长岩是矿区内主要赋矿岩体。S同位素分析显示其主要为幔源原生硫;但也可能有硫通过地壳混染作用加入。含矿岩浆深部熔离和岩体侵位后的岩浆分异结晶是导致金属硫化物富集成矿的主要过程。岩浆期后热液的叠加改造作用对部分地段的成矿物质富集有重要贡献。     

塔里木北山地区橄榄岩-辉石岩的微量元素地球化学特征及其深部过程

橄榄岩—辉石岩是塔里木北山地区镁铁一超镁铁岩体中非常重要的岩石类型．橄榄岩一辉石岩的主元素特征表明其主要为准铝质岩石，同时存在过碱质系列岩石．在稀土元素CI标准化配分图上，表现为LREE富集，HREE配分曲线平坦；在微量元素N-MORB标准化的蛛网图上，表现为C8，U，Pb等大离子低场强元素强烈富集，Nb，Ta，Zr，Ti等高场强元素明显亏损；w（Sm）／w（Nd）值特征表明研究区橄榄一辉石岩源于地幔源区．微量元素地球化学研究表明，塔里木北山地区橄榄岩一辉石岩形成于活动大陆边缘弧后张裂构造环境，为构造应力释放阶段的产物．本文及前期研究结果表明：橄榄岩、辉石岩和辉长岩的地球化学特征研究在解决深部地质过程方面具有较大潜力．     

甘肃西部马鬃山超镁铁质杂岩岩石学地球化学信息及意义

马鬃山岩体在空间上分为有成因联系的两部分，主岩体为具有环状分异特征的辉长岩岩体，中心相为辉长岩，边缘相为闪长岩．主岩体东南子岩体为橄榄二辉岩岩体．赋存于其中的岩石学和地球化学信息暗示马鬃山杂岩体形成于活动大陆边缘张裂构造环境，为应力释放期的产物，岩浆来源于具有E—MORB性质的陆下岩石圈地幔与软流圈的边界。较大程度部分熔融产生的岩浆在上升途中同化了陆壳围岩。     

Petrology and thermal structure of the Hawaiian plume from Mauna Kea volcano

There is uncertainty about whether the abundant tholeiitic lavas on Hawaii are the product of melt from peridotite or pyroxenite/eclogite rocks. Using a parameterization of melting experiments on peridotite with glass analyses from the Hawaii Scientific Deep Project 2 on Mauna Kea volcano, I show here that a small population of the core samples had fractionated from a peridotite-source primary magma. Most lavas, however, differentiated from magmas that were too deficient in CaO and enriched in NiO (ref. 2) to have formed from a peridotite source. For these, experiments indicate that they were produced by the melting of garnet pyroxenite, a lithology that had formed in a second stage by reaction of peridotite with partial melts of subducted oceanic crust. Samples in the Hawaiian core are therefore consistent with previous suggestions that pyroxenite occurs in a host peridotite, and both contribute to melt production. Primary magma compositions vary down the drill core, and these reveal evidence for temperature variations within the underlying mantle plume. Mauna Kea magmatism is represented in other Hawaiian volcanoes, and provides a key for a general understanding of melt production in lithologically heterogeneous mantle.     

Mineralogy of the mid-ocean-ridge basalt source from neodymium isotopic composition of abyssal peridotites

Inferring the melting process at mid-ocean ridges, and the physical conditions under which melting takes place, usually relies on the assumption of compositional similarity between all mid-ocean-ridge basalt sources. Models of mantle melting therefore tend to be restricted to those that consider the presence of only one lithology in the mantle, peridotite. Evidence from xenoliths and peridotite massifs show that after peridotite, pyroxenite and eclogite are the most abundant rock types in the mantle. But at mid-ocean ridges, where most of the melting takes place, and in ophiolites, pyroxenite is rarely found. Here we present neodymium isotopic compositions of abyssal peridotites to investigate whether peridotite can indeed be the sole source for mid-ocean-ridge basalts. By comparing the isotopic compositions of basalts and peridotites at two segments of the southwest Indian ridge, we show that a component other than peridotite is required to explain the low end of the (143)Nd/(144)Nd variations of the basalts. This component is likely to have a lower melting temperature than peridotite, such as pyroxenite or eclogite, which could explain why it is not observed at mid-ocean ridges.     

独山玉岩石学特征分析

独山玉矿区内岩石类型主要为次闪石化辉长岩、角闪岩及橄榄质科马提岩,岩石普遍呈碎裂、糜棱结构,总体属于铁质基性岩类.岩石蚀变普遍,特别是次闪石化遍及整个岩体.岩石是有明显的动力变质作用,显示出独山的个性格局.独山玉脉与次闪石化、钠黝帘石化和构造糜棱岩化关系密切.根据独山隐赋边界,推测整个基性岩区是玉石的成矿远景区.     

浙江龙泉碰撞混杂岩的发现及其对华南碰撞造山带研究的意义

在华南丽水一建阳地区作者首次发现蛇绿混杂岩、混杂岩的外来岩块是代表古洋壳碎片的橄榄岩、辉石岩、辉长岩、玄武岩、斜长角闪岩,石榴角闪岩和代表陆壳结晶基底一沉积盖层的斜长片麻岩、花岗岩,石英粉砂岩、灰岩。基质是强烈片理化的深海复理石。混杂岩沿北东向从福建南平一建瓯到浙江龙泉一松阳断续出露。研究发现混杂岩分为陡倾斜的内带和平缓的向北西逆冲的外带,监伴随有强烈的构造变形带、糜棱岩带和碰撞型花岗岩。作者认为这代表二个陆壳地体碰撞的缝合线、碰撞造山运动发生在奥陶纪,并导致二个陆壳地体之间南华海的消亡。     

An olivine-free mantle source of Hawaiian shield basalts

More than 50 per cent of the Earth's upper mantle consists of olivine and it is generally thought that mantle-derived melts are generated in equilibrium with this mineral. Here, however, we show that the unusually high nickel and silicon contents of most parental Hawaiian magmas are inconsistent with a deep olivine-bearing source, because this mineral together with pyroxene buffers both nickel and silicon at lower levels. This can be resolved if the olivine of the mantle peridotite is consumed by reaction with melts derived from recycled oceanic crust, to form a secondary pyroxenitic source. Our modelling shows that more than half of Hawaiian magmas formed during the past 1 Myr came from this source. In addition, we estimate that the proportion of recycled (oceanic) crust varies from 30 per cent near the plume centre to insignificant levels at the plume edge. These results are also consistent with volcano volumes, magma volume flux and seismological observations.     

The age of the Gaojiacun mafic-ultramafic intrusive complex in the Yanbian area,Sichuan Province： Geochronological constraints by U-Pb dating of single zircon grains and ^40Ar／^39Ar dating of hornblende

The Gaojiacun mafic-ultramafic intrusivecomplex in the Yanbian area, Sichuan Province, is a strati-form intrusive body that has undergone intensive magmaticdifferentiation. This intrusive body involves two magmaticaccumulating cycles. Systematic U-Pb dating of single zircongrains and ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar dating of hornblende were conducted,and the results showed that the age of hornblende gabbro,which was formed at the main phase of intrusion of the Gao-jiacun intrusive complex, is 840±5 Ma, casting doubt on theconcept of "Yanbian Ophiolite". It is believed that the for-mation of the Gaojiacun intrusive complex seems to be re-lated to a super-mantl3 plume underneath the su-per-continent Rodinia. The above research results are helpfulfor us to get a better understanding of the characteristics ofNeoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Yanbian area inSichuan Province.