广东连平黄牛石保护区兽类初步调查

2002年1-5月我们对广东连平县黄牛石保护区的兽类进行了调查,共记录到兽类7目12科20种,东洋型14种占70%;南中国型3种占15%;古北型3种占15%.其中国家I级保护动物1种;II级保护动物2种;“三有”动物7种,说明该地区物种珍稀程度较高.翼手类共记录到3种,占所有物种总数的15%;啮齿类有9种,占种数的45%.     

深圳笔架山公园兽类资源调查

深圳笔架山公园兽类资源调查结果显示，该公园共有兽类13种，隶属5目、9科、10属。其中食虫类2种，翼手类1重，鳞甲类1种，食肉类3种，啮齿类6种。国家二级保护动物1种，列入中国红皮书中的易危动物1种。7种东洋型种类，约占种类数的54％；2种古北型种类，约占15％；4种广布型种类，约占31％。分析了笔架山兽类生态分布的3种类群，进行了资源评价，从生态功能、水资源、物种多样性等提出了保护管理的建议。     

七姊妹山国家级自然保护区鸟兽红外相机监测初报

为深入了解湖北七姊妹山国家级自然保护区动物资源动态,于2018年9月—2019年7月在七姊妹山保护区开展红外相机监测,共投放红外相机30台,设置42个位点,相机累计工作日2 613 d,共获得有效照片715张。通过对红外相机照片的处理分析,共发现42种野生动物,其中兽类19种,占保护区兽类总物种的32.8%;鸟类23种,占保护区鸟类总物种数的10.2%。共记录国家重点保护动物7种,其中Ⅰ级重点保护物种1种(林麝(Moschus berezovskii)),国家Ⅱ级重点保护物种6种(红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)、勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)、中华鬣羚(Capricornis milneedwardsii)等)。监测记录到多种珍稀兽类与鸟类,表明红外相机对夜行性兽类和地栖型鸟类监测效果显著。     

深圳笔架山公园兽类资源调查

深圳笔架山公园兽类资源调查结果显示,该公园共有兽类13种,隶属5目、9科、10属.其中食虫类2种,翼手类1重,鳞甲类1种,食肉类3种,啮齿类6种.国家二级保护动物1种,列入中国红皮书中的易危动物1种.7种东洋型种类,约占种类数的54%;2种古北型种类,约占15%;4种广布型种类,约占31%.分析了笔架山兽类生态分布的3种类群,进行了资源评价,从生态功能、水资源、物种多样性等提出了保护管理的建议.     

小河沟自然保护区两栖爬行动物调查初报

小河沟自然保护区有两栖动物23种(隶属于2目6科14属)，其中中国特有种17种；爬行动物24种(隶属于1目6科15属)，其中中国特有种8种．地理区系组成中喜马拉雅—横断山型13种，占27．7％；南中国型17种，占36．2％；东洋型9种，占19．2％；季风型5种。占10．6％；全北型2种，占4．3％，具有较高的物种多样性和物种丰富度。     

四川甘洛马鞍山自然保护区兽类初步调查

于2008年7—8月对四川甘洛马鞍山自然保护区兽类资源进行了初步调查,结合2006—2008年该保护区的兽类监测资料,共调查到兽类55种,隶属6目43科．其中东洋界种类44种,古北界种类6种,广布种类5种．区内共有国家重点保护兽类13种,其中国家Ⅰ,Ⅱ级重点保护兽类分别为4种和9种．多数保护兽类数量稀少．共有32种兽类为中国特产或主要分布于中国,占该区兽类种数的58．18％．凉山田鼠在保护区内有分布,为新分布纪录．     

兰坪云岭省级自然保护区兽类资源调查

2010年至2011年利用夹日法、样线法和访问法对兰坪云岭省级自然保护区的兽类资源进行了3次调查。结合文献,确认该保护区现有兽类80种,隶属9目25科,其中62种为东洋种,9种为古北种,9种为广布种。国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物5种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物11种,IUCN红色物种名录受威胁物种17种,CITES附录Ⅰ物种9种,附录Ⅱ物种7种及附录Ⅲ物种5种。针对云岭省级自然保护区丰富的兽类资源,提出了保护和管理对策。     

邻水县的两栖爬行动物调查

两次对邻水县的两栖爬行类进行了调查，结果表明：邻水县有两栖动物15种（隶属2目7科8属），爬行动物21种（隶属2目8科15属）。动物地理分布型为：热带亚热带型6种，占16.7％；全北型1种，占2.8％；南中国型19种，占52.8％；季风型8种，占22.2％；喜马拉雅-横断山型2种，占5.56％。区系组成：属东洋界有：华中区物种17种，占47.2％，华中华南区物种6种，占16.7％，东洋界广布种4种，占11.1％，属东洋、古北两界广布种的有9种，占总物种数的25％。     

广西重点保护野生植物资源的现状与评价

调查于1997年10月至2001年6月进行，分布范围狭窄的物种采用方调查，分布面积较小的物种采用资源全查法，区性广泛分布或局部地域广泛分布的物种采用方调查，辅设线带，线段单元，按《中国植被》分类系统归类，调查发现自然分布目的物75种，其中属国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级保护物种分别为22种和40种，省级保护物种13种，属广西特有17种，我国特有58种，物种的分布区类型以热带分布为主，50％属于古老成分。广西广布种仅有樟（Cinnamonum camphora)和金毛狗脊(Cibotium baromnetz)，南部岩溶地区的局域广布种是蚬木（Burretiodendron hsienum）、任豆（Zenia insignis)、剑叶龙血树（Dracaena cochinchinensis)，其他多数物种的分布面积都很狭少，除金毛狗脊外，现存资源量（株数）在100万株以上的种类仅有任豆和剑叶龙血树，占全区保护野生植物物种总数的2．7％，10万－100万株的8种，占10．6％，1万－10万株有9种，占12．0％；0．1万－1万的有20种，占26．7％；100－1000株的有24种，占32．0％；现存不足100株的有11种，占14．7％；部分各类现存株数极少，如广西火桐（Erythropsis kwangsiensis)3株，水松（Glyptotrobus pensilis)9株，未发现目的物种14种，其中国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级保护物种分别为2种和7种，省级保护物5种。     

五道峡自然保护区兽类资源生态评价

对五道峡自然保护区兽类资源进行了调查,共记录到兽类59种,隶属于8目25科,其中,古北种12种,东洋种38种,广布种9种;国家重点保护动物42种,湖北省重点保护动物18种,被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》的兽类20种（附录Ⅰ9种、附录Ⅰ4种、附录Ⅱ7种）,被列入《中国濒危动物红皮书》的兽类有18种（濒危物种3种、稀有种2种、易危物种13种）;分析其区系特征,表现为东洋种占优势,珍稀兽类较多,特有种4种;分析其多样性特征。有7种生活型。水栖种类最少,并与神农架国家级自然保护区、后河国家级自然保护区、壶瓶山国家级自然保护区的多样性进行了比较研究．对兽类资源进行了评价,并提出了保护建议。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to