根癌农杆菌介导大麦Mlo反义基因转化小麦

应用含有大麦Mlo反义基因表达载体的根癌农杆菌菌株Agl Ⅰ，对3种基因型小麦(核生3号、烟优361、扬麦158)的愈伤组织进行了转化．从其中2种基因型获得23株转基因植株，有2株是白化苗，转化频率分别为1．9％(核生3号)和2．8％(扬麦158)．PCR及Southem分析表明，外源基因已整合进植物基因组．实验结果表明，筛选压力的存在对转基因植株的获得至关重要，在无筛选压力下未获得转基因植株．7棵转基因植株移栽至大田后正常结实．     

农杆菌介导的胆碱脱氢酶基因(betA)转化小麦及影响转化效率的因素

用LBA4404／pCDH，Agl 1／pUNN2和Ag;P(无质粒)3种菌株分别转化小麦品种济南177、99P、核生3号幼胚诱导的愈伤组织以及济南177的幼胚．其中以胚性愈伤组织为外植体，获得了转基因植株．PCR和PCR-Southem分析证实转化植株中包含了外源基因．通过染色体分析，发现胚性愈伤组织在农杆菌LBA4404侵染后形成的染色体削减比经Agl1侵染和未经感染的对照形成的染色体削减程度更大，甚至发现较多的染色体断片．分析了农杆菌菌株，材料的基因型，外植体类型，培养时间和温度以及筛选的时间和周期对于转化效率的影响．     

农杆菌介导的DREB1A基因转化多花黑麦草及其转化体系的优化

采用携带卡那霉素抗性基因nptII和GUS基因的ubiquitin启动子驱动的表达载体pBI121／DREB1A的根癌农杆菌AGL1, 对多花黑麦草幼胚来源的胚性愈伤组织进行了遗传转化,并优化了各种影响因素。胚性愈伤组织经根癌农杆菌感染和共培养后,用50mg／L巴龙霉素筛选抗性愈伤组织,待抗性愈伤组织在IB分化培养基上分化成苗后用25mg／L卡那霉素进一步筛选再生植株, 获得了部分抗性植株。抗性植株的总DNA用DREB1A基因的特异引物进行PCR检测,转化频率为2.14％,PCR-Southern blot进一步验证了转化植株基因组中含有该外源基因。各种影响转化效率因素的优化实验表明,当转化时菌液浓度的OD600为2.0、侵染时间为1h、共培养时间为2d、共培养温度为21℃及在共培养期间使用乙酰丁香酮等,均可明显提高转化频率。     

麻疯树毒蛋白(curcin)基因转化水稻的研究

以粳稻(Japonica)品种日本晴与中花11号为材料,对影响农杆菌介导水稻转化体系的几个因素进行了研究,建立了农杆菌介导的有效水稻转化体系.在该体系中,首次使用浓度为10-4g/mL嘌呤合成抑制剂acivicin在转化前对水稻愈伤组织进行预处理,结果表明此法可有效提高GUS基因的瞬时表达率.同时,利用插入了麻疯树毒蛋白(curcin)基因的植物表达质粒pBI121-curcin,通过农杆菌介导转化水稻,获得了多株转基因植株.通过PCR鉴定,证实curcin基因已整合到水稻基因组中.     

一个NBS-LRR蛋白质基因转化水稻及其超量表达

水稻Osxoc1334是一个编码NBS-LRR类蛋白质的基因,通过构建该基因的超量表达载体,并在农杆菌EHA105介导下转化中花11号水稻,最终获得6株再生水稻植株.对抗性愈伤组织和再生植株用GUS组织化学染色检测,结果抗性愈伤组织和6株再生水稻植株均可染上蓝色,而野生型植株不变色,用潮霉素磷酸转移酶基因的特异引物进行PCR鉴定,再生植株均可扩增到目标条带而野生型植株则不能,表明Osxoc1334基因已随T-DNA整合到再生水稻植株基因组中.采用半定量和荧光定量PCR分析转基因水稻的Osxoc1334基因表达,结果其中3株转基因植株的Osxoc1334基因平均相对表达量明显增强,其中1株为野生型植株的23.5倍.这为进一步鉴定该基因功能奠定了基础.     

根癌农杆菌转化甘薯高频获得抗性愈伤组织的研究

作者用根癌农杆菌LBA4 4 0 4转化甘薯 8个品系 (该农杆菌携带有含人乳铁蛋白基因 (hLFc)的表达质粒 pCSL2 34) ,研究了转化甘薯的频率 .结果转化有效叶片 2 4 9片 ,共获得 6 5个抗性愈伤组织 ,平均转化频率为 2 6 .10 %,有 14.4 6 %的叶片发生了转化 .不同品种的转化频率有很大的差异 ,从 0～ 6 9.35 %,表明转化频率受基因型的影响很大 ,94 0 3 4是一个重要的高转化频率甘薯品系 .该研究中采用的完整叶片转化方法是一种较好的改良叶盘转化法 .     

人参SQS基因的干扰载体构建及转化人参愈伤组织

以5年生人参为材料, 根据人参SQS基因设计正义及反义片段引物, 构建了SQS基因干扰表达载体; 利用农杆菌转化法转化人参愈伤组织, 对获得的抗性愈伤组织进行PCR检测及实时定量PCR检测, 并对抗性愈伤组织的皂苷进行HPLC分析. 实验结果表明, 与非转化人参愈伤组织相比, 转化后的愈伤组织SQS基因表达量降低, 皂苷含量有所变化. SQS是人参皂苷生物合成途径的关键酶, 抑制SQS基因的表达, 可调控人参皂苷含量变化.     

转抗虫融合基因(cry1Ac3-cpti)玉米(Zeamays L.)植株的获得及其抗虫性分析

将苏云金杆菌家族中的cry1Ac3基因与豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因(cpti)融合成融合基因，构建cry1Ac3-cpti融合基因植物表达载体，表达Bt-CpTI抗虫融合蛋白．用基因枪转化技术将cry1Ac3-cpti融合基因分别导入玉米优良自交系E28及340的胚性愈伤组织中，轰击后的愈伤组织经筛选剂3次筛选，获得可育的再生植株．经PCR及Southernblot分子检测，证实所获得的再生植株为转基因植株．抗虫性分析结果表明，部分转基因玉米植株对玉米螟虫有较强的抗性．将苏云金杆菌家族中的cry1Ac3基因与豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因(cpti)融合成融合基因，构建cry1Ac3-cpti融合基因植物表达载体，表达Bt-CpTI抗虫融合蛋白．用基因枪转化技术将cry1Ac3-cpti融合基因分别导入玉米优良自交系E28及340的胚性愈伤组织中，轰击后的愈伤组织经筛选剂3次筛选，获得可育的再生植株．经PCR及Southernblot分子检测，证实所获得的再生植株为转基因植株．抗虫性分析结果表明，部分转基因玉米植株对玉米螟虫有较强的抗性．     

水稻转座子Pong特异性RNAi载体TPAS的构建和农杆菌介导的遗传转化条件的优化

为研究水稻转座子Pong的功能,构建了Pong的特异RNAi表达载体TPAS,并利用农杆菌介导法将这个载体转化到水稻的成熟胚愈伤组织,获得了PCR阳性的再生植株.同时通过对农杆菌侵染途径、侵染浓度和侵染时间等的研究,建立并优化了水稻的遗传转化程序,结果表明:在农杆菌侵染成熟胚愈伤组织的时间为3 min,共培养2～4 d...     

根癌农杆菌介导的绿色荧光蛋白基因在水稻植株中的表达

将改良的绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）基因插入到植物表达载体中,构建了ubi启动子驱动下的植物表达载体p13UEGFP．通过根癌农杆菌介导转化水稻的胚性愈伤组织,经潮霉素筛选,获得抗性愈伤组织和再生植株．对T2代植株进行PCR分析、激光共聚焦显微镜检测和RT—PCR分析,结果表明,绿色荧光蛋白基因已经在转基因植株中稳定表达．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.