烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

LC-ToF-MS和LC-QqQ-MS测定动物肌肉组织中的青霉素

通过对前处理步骤的优化,建立了动物肌肉组织中青霉素的多组分残留检测方法.采用固相萃取富集净化提取液,吹氮浓缩后上机测试,利用高效液相色谱分离目标物,比较了飞行时间质谱(ToF-MS)和三重四极杆串联质谱(QqQ-MS)测定青霉素方法的精密度、回收率和检出限.结果表明,飞行时间质谱在检出限、精密度和回收率等方面均不如串联质谱的检测效果好.采用串联质谱对肌肉样品进行分析,实际样品加标回收率达75%以上(除阿莫西林外),精密度高,检出限低于欧盟规定的最大残留限值(MRL),该方法适合于肌肉样品中青霉素的测定.     

不同饲养方式对肉用土鸡生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

研究不同饲养方式对肉用土鸡生长性能和屠宰性能的影响，试验用1800羽1日龄青脚麻鸡随机分为6个处理，每处理3个重复，每重复100只鸡进行90d试验．处理1为笼养（对照组），处理2为放养，处理3先笼养30d再放养60d，处理4先笼养45d再放养45d，处理5先笼养60d再放养30d，处理6先笼养75d再放养15d．结果表明：（1）与对照组（处理1）比，笼养时间长可提高生长速度、成活率，除处理2（全期放养）外，放养时间长可降低饲料成本，提高经济效益．以先笼养30d放养60d的（处理3）经济效益最好．（2）各处理的屠宰率差异不显著（P〉0．05）；笼养时间长可提高全净膛率、半净膛率、腹脂率，放养时间长有利于腿肌率、胸肌率率的增加．     

HPLC法测定鞣酸苦参碱中3种生物碱的含量

为控制鞣酸苦参碱的质量,建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定鞣酸苦参碱中生物碱的含量。方法:采用HPLC法测定鞣酸苦参碱中3个主要生物碱的含量。结果:苦参碱进样量线性范围0.03132～0.1488μg,平均回收率为97.28%,RSD为0.88%;氧化槐果碱线性范围0.01938～0.2132μg,平均回收率为101.1%,RSD为1.03%;氧化苦参碱线性范围0.1751～1.926μg,平均回收率为99.51%,RSD为0.71%。结论:该法专属性强,准确稳定,重现性好,可作为本品的质量控制方法。     

3个百合品种的鳞茎诱导试验

通过试验比较了MS+6-BA+NAA培养基对3个百合品种丛芽诱导、丛芽扩增的效应,比较了以MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度的蔗糖后,构成不同的鳞茎诱导培养基的效应,得出了适宜蔗糖添加浓度.结果显示:(1)在相同丛芽诱导培养基下,不同百合品种的丛芽诱导率不同.白百合为28.00%,麝香百合为22.67%,香水百合为25.33%;(2)在相同丛芽扩增培养基下,不同百合品种的丛芽增殖率也不同.香水百合的增殖率最高,其次是麝香百合,白百合最低.(3)在所供试的鳞茎诱导培养基中,蔗糖浓度为4%时白百合和麝香百合的鳞茎诱导效果最好,而浓度为3%时最有利于香水百合的鳞茎诱导.     

基于组合神经网络的与文本无关的说话人识别

提出了一种用于N个说话人识别的组合神经网络,由N个子网组成,每个子网完成两类模式区分,将这N个子网组合起来完成N类模式的区分.子网选用RBF神经网络,并给出了自组织选取中心的方法.实验显示,对6名说话人,识别率达到94%.对10名说话人,识别率达93.17%.     

基于Web服务的使能服务平台安全机制

介绍了一个在网络经济模式下,基于Web服务的、支持中小企业动态联盟的使能服务平台,并分析了其中面临的安全威胁,提出了一套适用该平台的安全机制·该安全机制可以为用户提供信息通信保密,访问权限控制,数字签名,身份认证,密钥管理以及入侵检测等安全性保障·其中使用了AES和混沌密码算法进行数据加密,RSA算法用于数字签名和密钥交换,Guillou Quisquater协议用于身份认证,一个基于RSA的秘密共享体制保存密钥·在入侵检测系统中,综合使用了神经网络,数据挖掘和计算机免疫方法·最后,分析了其安全性·     

利用大孔树脂从啤酒废酵母中分离谷胱甘肽

利用大孔树脂D001分离纯化还原型谷胱甘肽,其最佳试验条件为：pH值4.5、浓度为0.02 mol/L的磷酸缓冲液平衡,pH值7.5、浓度为0.02 mol/L的磷酸缓冲液洗脱,洗脱流速为2.0 mL/min.此法所得到的粗品颜色为白色,经高效液相色谱分析,其GSH质量分数为28.47%,平均收率为71.6%.     

向量分整时间序列的协整关系探讨

针对向量分整时间序列,首先给出几个性质,并利用这几个性质给出向量分整时间序列的线性协整关系存在的条件;然后把整数阶广义协整的概念推广到分数阶情形,并利用广义分整协整得到向量分整时间序列的非线性协整关系存在的一个充分条件,且给出具体的非线性函数形式;最后结合R/S分析,给出一个判断非线性协整关系的实用算法.     

基于Burton-Miller边界元法的不同类型单元计算精度对比

为了提高边界元法的计算精度和对具有复杂边界形状实际问题的应用能力,发展并应用非连续线性和二次边界单元进行数值计算.使用传统边界积分方程计算外声场,通过带有解析解数值算例,对比不同类型单元的计算精度,得到最有效的单元类型.然而使用传统边界积分法,在某些虚假特征频率处会产生解的非唯一性问题,Burton-Miller方法可以有效地克服这一问题.基于Burton-Miller法得到的非连续线性和二次单元的优化节点位置并不在勒让德多项式零点位置上,虽然表现得不像传统边界元法那样规律和统一,但是合适的经验值仍然被给出.     

基于网络的自来水公司客户服务平台的设计与实现

设计了基于网络的自来水公司客户服务平台。与小灵呼联用,实现了对自来水客服系统的联网。客服平台服务器使用MySQL数据库,小灵呼服务器使用MSSQL数据库,水费查询利用原有的计费数据库(MS SQL),使用开源的第三方数据库框架ADODB进行数据库间的连接。