双酚A暴露致神经细胞凋亡和炎症性死亡的研究进展

双酚A(BPA)是生产聚碳酸酯和环氧树脂塑料的添加剂,具有内分泌干扰物效应。由于大量研究发现BPA具有神经毒性,其暴露对大脑神经功能及行为变化的影响受到越来越多的关注.研究发现,氧化应激常伴随着BPA诱导的神经细胞凋亡和炎症性死亡(焦亡)反应的发生,导致神经细胞形态和功能改变,是BPA暴露与神经系统疾病相关性的重要连接纽带.研究聚焦BPA暴露诱导神经细胞凋亡和炎症性死亡这一生理现象,对BPA暴露通过线粒体、内质网以及死亡受体通路信号上的细胞凋亡的分子作用机制的详细介绍,探讨了细胞凋亡、细胞焦亡之间的关系以及他们与神经系统疾病的潜在关系,指出BPA暴露诱导的神经细胞凋亡与炎性反应的分子机制尚需要大量的动物、靶向敲除实验以及人群实验加以验证.同时,应关注低剂量BPA暴露参与毒性通路或与其他毒性通路相互作用而加重复合污染物暴露的健康效应,为深入研究BPA暴露的神经毒性机制及其毒性干预提供参考.     

双酚A激活雌激素受体与NF-κB信号通路促HepG2增殖的作用研究

研究了双酚A(BPA)对肝癌细胞HepG2增殖的影响及其分子机制。通过MTT实验发现,在环境浓度BPA(1×10-8 mol/L)暴露下,人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖显著升高[(156±2.48)%]。Western blotting和实时定量PCR结果显示,环境浓度的BPA处理HepG2细胞24h,细胞中NF-κB以及其下游相关炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α的转录均明显上调。免疫荧光染色结果显示,BPA处理导致HepG2细胞内ROS显著上升;而ROS抑制剂NAC及雌激素受体抑制剂ICI 182 780均可有效抑制由BPA引起的细胞增殖和胞内p65上升。研究结果表明,BPA通过激活HepG2细胞中的雌激素受体诱导了细胞ROS的产生,随后引起细胞内炎症因子表达上调,促进细胞增殖。     

水环境中双酚A污染及其对鱼类的毒性研究进展

双酚A(bisphenol A, BPA) 是公认的环境内分泌干扰物, 广泛存在于水环境中, 并对水生态系统的安全造成潜在威胁. 结合BPA 污染和毒理学的相关研究成果, 综述了BPA 在不同水体中的污染现状, 及其对鱼类的内分泌干扰作用、生殖毒性、免疫毒性和发育神经毒性. 在此基础上, 进一步指出了研究BPA 的重要性和今后的研究
方向.     

双酚A替代物对雄性斑马鱼性激素及卵黄蛋白原水平的影响

双酚AF(BPAF)、双酚AP(BPAP)、双酚B(BPB)、双酚F(BPF)、双酚S(BPS)和双酚Z(BPZ)是几种常用的双酚A替代物。目前,这些替代物的毒理学数据还比较匮乏,难以评估其是否为安全的替代物,因此,有必要开展双酚A替代物的毒理效应研究。考虑到双酚A具有较强的内分泌干扰效应,而这些双酚A替代物也是否具有内分泌干扰效应是亟待解决的重要科学问题。基于此,选用雄性斑马鱼成鱼作为研究对象,在质量浓度为0、0.001、0.01、0.1和1 mg/L下暴露21 d后,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法分析了斑马鱼头尾匀浆液中性激素水平和卵黄蛋白原含量的变化情况。结果表明,与空白对照相比,这6种双酚A替代物能够导致睾酮(T)水平出现不同程度的显著性降低,17β-雌二醇(E2)出现不同程度的显著性升高;卵黄蛋白原(VTG)的含量也呈现显著性升高的趋势。根据这几种受试物对卵黄蛋白原诱导作用的最低可观察效应浓度(LOEC)值可以看出,双酚AF、双酚AP和双酚Z的雌激素效应强于双酚A,双酚B与双酚A处于同一等级,双酚F和双酚S相对较弱。本研究结果可作为双酚A替代物风险评价的依据。     

E2与BPA联合前后对ERK信号通路的诱导

研究雌二醇(E2)与双酚A(BPA)联合作用于乳腺癌MCF-7细胞后,对细胞内ERK信号转导通路的影响.运用Western blot法进行实验.测定增殖相关蛋白Ki67,观察到E2与BPA单独及联合后都能够诱导细胞增殖,发挥雌激素活性.通过对ERK蛋白和活化形式p-ERK蛋白的测定,E2及与BPA联合后的雌激素活性发挥...     

白藜芦醇对镉诱导HEK 293T细胞自噬与凋亡的影响

为了探究白藜芦醇与镉诱导人胚胎肾细胞293(HEK 293T)细胞自噬与凋亡之间的关系,本研究在已证明低浓度镉诱导细胞自噬,高浓度镉导致细胞凋亡的基础上,以HEK 293T细胞为研究对象,并分别与镉、白藜芦醇及各种抑制剂进行联合培养,利用免疫印记分析检测自噬标志蛋白LC3B-Ⅱ/Ⅰ、溶酶体标志蛋白cathepsin L...     

双酚A对鸡胚中枢免疫器官发育影响的形态学观察

为进一步研究双酚A(BPA)的毒性作用,本试验对9日龄AA鸡胚和SPF鸡胚尿囊腔注射双酚A,待鸡胚孵化至22日龄,取鸡胚法氏囊和胸腺进行下述各项指标测定和形态学观察。结果显示,与对照组相比较,试验组鸡胚孵出率显著降低,法氏囊指数明显变小(p<0.05);染毒组法氏囊淋巴滤泡个数显著少于对照组(p<0.01),胸腺皮质、髓质厚度极显著小于对照组(p<0.01);光镜观察发现,双酚A染毒组法氏囊淋巴滤泡和胸腺髓质中的髓细胞明显多于对照组,扫描电镜下可见细胞间隙明显增大,显现针孔样结构。研究结果表明,双酚A对AA鸡胚和SPF鸡胚中枢免疫器官有毒性作用,对鸡胚法氏囊和胸腺的发育有显著的抑制作用。     

双酚A类同系物的雌激素效应及对MCF-7细胞的毒性

双酚A(bisphenol A, BPA)及其类似物作为聚碳酸酯的主要合成原料, 一直是环境污染的重要问题, 其环境分布及人体暴露是当今科学研究的热点. 为评估环境中BPA 类物质的毒性效应, 采用MTT 比色法检测了7 种BPA 类同系物对人雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)缺失乳腺癌细胞MCF-7(ER–) 增殖活性的影响. 通过检测细胞乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)露出率评估了目标物对MCF-7 细胞膜的损伤, 结果表明, 在0.01～1.00 μmol/L 浓度范围内, 受试化合物对MCF-7 细胞的毒性较小, LDH 少量露出; 而在10 和100 μmol/L 浓度下, 细胞增殖受到显著抑制, 细胞膜通透性显著改变, LDH大量露出. 同时采用ER 基因双杂交酵母实验检验了这几种BPA 类同系物的雌激素效应大小, 通过Logistic 模型对曲线进行了拟合, 并以模型估算的半数透导活性(EC50) 评估了7 种BPA 类同系物的雌激素效应活性, 其大小依次为TDP>BPAF>4Cl-BPA>BPC>BPA>BPE>BPAP. 这说明其雌激素效应机制可能是通过和ER 结合而产生的.     

甘蓝型油菜基因BnRCH转染人HEK293A和Hela细胞的研究

本研究从植物基因在动物细胞异源表达的角度入手,采用外源基因稳定转染的方法,向人胚胎肾细胞HEK 293A和人宫颈癌细胞Hela导入了BnRCH基因,获得了HEK 293A和Hela细胞的稳定转染子.使用RTPCR、qPCR和Western blot等方法鉴定了获得的稳定转染子,确认了稳定转染子的成功建立.本研究一方面说明BnRCH虽然为植物基因,却仍然能够在动物细胞中正常表达;另一方面也为开展对BnRCH基因在动物细胞中的功能研究和应用开发建立了平台.同时,使用免疫细胞化学法和绿色荧光蛋白质     

含有5-氟尿嘧啶的多金属氧酸盐的合成及光谱研究

合成了一种新的含有5-氟尿嘧啶的Keggin型磷钨多金属氧酸盐C4H4FN2O2H2PW12O40* 8H2O,通过元素分析、IR、UV、XRD、183W NMR和TG对其结构进行了表征. IR、UV和XRD图谱表明,该化合物具有Keggin与5-氟尿嘧啶环结构. 183W NMR表明,该化合物中的钨原子处于相同的化学环境中. TG表征结果表明,该化合物具有较好的热稳定性,其热失重分2步完成. 在人肾胚胎细胞系HEK293细胞内,以5-氟尿嘧啶为阳性对照药物,用MTT法对所合成的化合物进行了体外细胞毒性研究,该化合物的TC50为1.48×10-5 mol·L-1,其毒性低于5-氟尿嘧啶.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.