分子蒸馏提取橘皮中D-柠檬烯工艺的研究

利用超临界CO2萃取橘皮中的挥发油,从中分离得到D-柠檬烯,本文对比提取工艺、条件进行研究.超临界流体提取橘皮中D-柠檬烯的最佳工艺条件为:CO2超临界萃取150 min,萃取压力25 MPa,CO2流量20 L/h,萃取温度46℃.     

微波辅助萃取从玉米中提取黄色素的研究

研究了以玉米为原料,用微波辅助萃取技术从玉米中提取黄色素;通过改变溶剂、玉米目数、微波提取温度、提取时间等条件,考察了对玉米黄色素提取效果的影响。正交实验结果表明:玉米黄色素提取效果受温度影响比较大,时间次之,目数的影响较小;优化工艺条件为以95%乙醇为溶剂,液料比为10∶1mL/g,原料目数80目,浸提温度70℃,提取时间11min。在此条件下,提取液的吸光度可达0.658。     

超临界CO2提取青蒿素的工艺

研究了超临界CO2提取青蒿素的工艺,考察了粒度、压力、温度、时间、CO2流量等影响因素.以萃取率为目标,综合考虑产品收率,优化了超临界萃取工艺条件,得到较佳的操作条件:萃取压力20 MPa,萃取温度50℃,每千克原料CO2质量流量1 kg/h,分离器Ⅰ的温度为60℃,压力为14 MPa.在优化条件下萃取4 h,萃取率达到95%以上,萃取物纯度在15%以上.     

植物姜黄中姜黄素的超临界CO2流体萃取工艺研究

通过单因素实验和正交实验相结合的方法对超临界CO2流体萃取姜黄中姜黄素的工艺条件进行了研究,并采用HPLC法测定姜黄素含量,筛选出超临界CO2萃取姜黄素的最佳条件为:萃取压力25 MPa,萃取温度55℃,采用无水乙醇作为夹带剂,用量为35%,萃取时间为5 h,CO2流量3.5 L·min-1.该工艺条件稳定可行.     

超临界CO2萃取丹参酮ⅡA提取工艺

采用超临界CO2萃取法提取了丹参酮ⅡA,讨论了压力、温度、时间、乙醇流量对丹参酮ⅡA提取收率的影响.得出最佳条件为:萃取压力25 MPa,萃取温度40℃,萃取时间2h,乙醇流量1.0 mL/min,并与乙醇提取法进行对比.结果表明,超临界CO2萃取法优于乙醇提取法.而后用液质联机分析得到其结构式.     

超临界CO2萃取-反相高效液相色谱测定海南对虾壳中虾青素的含量

采用超临界CO2萃取技术,研究了从海南对虾壳中提取虾青素的工艺,同时采用正交实验方法研究了其最优化萃取条件,结果表明:萃取压力为35 MPa,萃取温度为60℃,夹带剂为100g样品用15 mL二氯甲烷,萃取时间为2 h.最后用高效液相色谱法对萃取产物中的虾青素进行了测定,色谱柱:waters novapakC18 3....     

胡麻籽油超临界CO2萃取条件的优化

采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取胡麻籽油,通过正交实验优选的萃取条件为：CO2流量25L／h;萃取压力30MPa;萃取温度45℃;萃取时间2h。按该条件下,平均萃取率为36．70％。所得胡麻籽油呈金黄色、透明。     

超临界CO2萃取辣椒红色素工艺条件的探讨

报道了用超临界CO2萃取技术提取、分离和纯化辣椒红色素的最佳工艺条件:萃取压力为22NPa,萃取温度为40℃,在控制流速为25kg/h时萃取时间为2小时,水作为夹带剂.     

微波联用超临界萃取菊三七生物碱工艺的实验研究

采用微波联用超临界 CO2萃取菊三七生物碱,将菊三七粉末用乙醇水溶液浸泡、微波辐照处理后,再用超临界 CO2萃取,对乙醇浓度、浸泡时间和微波辐照时间等实验条件进行单因素实验,得出浸泡液乙醇浓度为90;,浸泡时间为10 h,微波处理时间为2 min 为优化条件,并与单一采用超临界 CO2萃取的试验进行了比较。结果表明,微波联用超临界萃取技术用于菊三七生物碱的提取效率优于单一采用超临界萃取技术。     

超临界CO2萃取薰衣草挥发油的工艺研究

为建立超临界CO2萃取薰衣草挥发油的最佳工艺条件。以挥发油萃取率为指标,选取萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量和萃取时间作为影响因素,通过正交试验法L9（3^4）确定了超临界萃取薰衣草挥发油的最佳提取工艺条件。最佳工艺为CO2流量25L／h,萃取温度45℃,萃取压力22MPa,萃取时间1h,挥发油提取率为4．497％。水蒸气蒸馏法提取4h,挥发油提取率为1．32％。因此可知,超临界萃取薰衣草挥发油的收率高,萃取时间短。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.