双水相非离子表面活性剂萃取法分离胆固醇氧化酶

ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１１４是一种常用的表面活性剂。双水相萃取分离法适合于分离具有一定疏水特性的水溶蛋白质。在研究了其浊点，浓度，ｐＨ值，分离时间和分离温度等影响因素后，得到了分离胆固醇氧化酶的优化条件。可以直接对发酵上清液进行处理，一次萃取可使酶液体积缩小１０倍，总酶活回收率为７０％。     

反应萃取法提纯赖氨酸的工艺

测定用二（2－乙基己基）磷酸酯萃取分离赖氨酸的分配系数和萃取率。考虑氨基酸的初始浓度、二（2－乙基己基）磷酸酯的浓度、pH值和温度对分配系数和萃取率的影响，用多元逐步回归法进行回归分析。结果表明，氨基酸的初始浓度对萃取分配系数和萃取率没有明显的影响，萃取分配系数和萃取率随二（2－乙基己基）磷酸酯的浓度的增加而显著增大，随温度的升高而降低。这说明，萃取反应是一个放热反应。     

三烷基氧膦萃取酒石酸的研究

研究了三烷基氧膦对酒石酸溶液的萃取和反萃取条件，对温度、初始ＰＨ、萃取剂浓度和被萃液浓度影响因素进行了讨论。确定了萃取过程的最佳工艺条件，研究了萃取及反萃取过程的热效应，并根据实验确定的平衡等温线计算了萃取和反萃取过程的理论级数。     

银杏叶黄酮超临界二氧化碳萃取条件研究

通过正交实验研究，对超临界流体萃取银杏叶黄酮类化合物的工艺进行了优化设计．实验结果表明影响萃取得率的各因素强烈程度的顺序由大到小为：夹带剂浓度、萃取压力、萃取温度；在流量为35kg／h，萃取时间为2h的条件下，最佳萃取实验工艺条件为：萃取压力15MPa，乙醇浓度为90％，萃取温度为55℃，此时，黄酮类化合物萃取得率较理想。     

EDTA萃取法分离自然水体中生物膜胞外聚合物

用EDTA水溶液作为萃取剂，对自然水体中培养的生物膜胞外聚合物进行了萃取和分离．通过对糖类、蛋白质、DNA含量的测定，选择了最佳萃取分离条件．结果表明该方法萃取效率高、操作简便、重现性好．     

新型萃取剂N，N，N′，N′—四丁基戊二酰胺萃取Ce（Ⅲ）、Pr（Ⅲ）、Pb（Ⅲ）的研究

合成了新型萃取剂四诹代双酰胺：N，N，N′，N′—四丁基戊二酰胺(TBGA)。研究了其萃取铈(Ⅲ)、镨(Ⅲ)、铽(Ⅲ)的性能，详细考察了硝酸浓度、萃取剂浓度、硝酸锂浓度以及温度等对萃取分配比的影响，得到了TBGA以甲苯为稀释剂时萃取反应的表观平衡常数及298K时的热力学函数。     

正交法研究烷基叔胺对盐酸、硫酸的萃取

用正交实验法研究了叔胺体系萃取剂萃取盐酸过程中不同因素的影响，通过方差分析和显著性检验，证实了萃取剂的萃取机理，确定了过程在所选定因素的水平范围内的最优条件：１．５４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸，５０％体积浓度的叔胺，１０％体积浓度的异戊醇．同时进一步考察了萃取剂萃取分离盐酸和硫酸过程中因素对其萃取分离效果的影响，通过极差分析法确定主次因素并选择最优工艺条件：１．４４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸，１０％体积浓度的叔胺，１０％体积浓度的异戊醇，０．７８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硫酸．对研究溶剂萃取法从氯化钾制硫酸钾的工艺优化有指导意义．     

反胶束溶液和血红蛋白水溶液相平衡的研究

研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵－正庚烷反胶束溶液和牛血红蛋白水溶液的相平衡,探讨了有机相助表面活性剂种类和浓度、水相ｐＨ值、水相离子种类和强度、表面活性剂浓度的影响,适宜条件下,牛血红蛋白的萃取率可达９５％以上。对实验结果从表面活性剂极性头与蛋白质分子间的相互作用和反胶团包溶蛋白质时的空间阻碍作用上进行了解释。     

反胶束体系中牛血清白蛋白萃取平衡与机理研究

依据堆砌几何模型，得出以阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵形成反胶束时须加入助溶剂（正己醇）。实验结果表明，牛血清白蛋白的分配特性与有机相正己醇浓度、水相ｐＨ值、离子强度和种类等因素有关。初步探讨了反胶束萃取的机理，认为使蛋白质萃入 反胶束溶液的主要推动力为静电作用。     

提高葵花分离蛋白质得率的研究

从葵花脱脂粕中提取分离蛋白,即用水溶液萃取蛋白时,有很多因素影响蛋白得率,经试验研究,找到了提高蛋白得率的相关数据:脱脂粕的粒度应为40～60目/寸筛下物;料液比为1:20(g/ml);萃取时间为0.5～1h;萃取温度为45～50℃;加盐浓度应为1mol/L,加碱浓度为0.08mol/L.在提取蛋白时,很好地控制这些影响因素,就能提高蛋白得率,保证蛋白质量.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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