低温等离子体处理羊毛和棉纤维的电子自旋共振法研究

用电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）方法研究经氧、氮、氩、氢、一氧化碳及四氟甲烷气体低温等离子体处理的羊毛和棉纤维的自由基。结果表明低温等离子体反应在纤维基质中生成自由基，自由基的强度与纤维基质、微观结构、等离子体气体种类以及处理条件有关。考察了自由基的热稳定性和经时变化。     

电泳力学迁移模型（Ⅱ）──SDS－蛋白质在无胶筛分电泳中的迁移规律

在不同操作电压和温度下，ＳＤＳ－蛋白质在无胶筛分电泳的实验结果表明，电泳力学迁移模型（ＥＭＭＭ）比传统经验式更能准确地反映实验事实．ＳＤＳ－蛋白质对构象参数（Ｒｃ）随热力学温度增加而变化，在２８８—２９８Ｋ范围内Ｒｃ迅速变小，而在２９８～３１３Ｋ范围内，温度变化对其影响不大．不同的ＳＤＳ－蛋白质在一定条件下具有相近的活化能，该结论进一步从热力学方面支持了ＥＭＭＭ的一个基本结论，即不同相对分子质量Ｍｒ的ＳＤＳ－蛋白质在同一ＮＧＳ实验条件下具有相似的形状或构象，并与ＳＤＳ－蛋白质分子为长棒状这一客观事实相符合．     

活性氧自由基对细胞色素C和肌红蛋白的作用

研究了过硫酸铵－Ｎ，Ｎ，Ｎ＇，Ｎ＇四甲基乙二胺（ＡＰ－ＴＥＭＥＤ）体系产生的活性氧自由基（超氧阴离子自由基（Ｏ２－）、羟基自由基（·ＯＨ））对细胞色素Ｃ和肌红蛋白的作用．结果表明，Ｏ２－可以将细胞色素Ｃ中的三价铁离子还原为二价铁离子，延长作用时间可使铁卟啉基团脱落；亦可使肌红蛋白中的铁卟啉脱落．与此同时，紫外可见吸收光谱发生了变化．圆二色谱的变化说明蛋白分子中的α－螺旋遭到破坏．植物Ｌ－ＳＯＤ对于该损伤有保护作用．     

麻风病人血液超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性测定分析

人体内的超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）．是清除和ＯＨ、ＲＯＯＨ等自由基的主要酶．通过测定正常人、麻风病人的血液ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性．探讨麻风病人血液ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ变化对自由基清除的影响．结果显示：麻风病人体内的ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性显著低于正常人（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而现症和治愈、多菌型和少菌型、活动期和消退期病人之间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．提示ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性降低与麻风杆菌感染有关．且感染麻风菌后病人治愈前后血液中的ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性没有明显变化．     

超氧物歧化酶对糖尿病模型大鼠血液和晶状体中自由基及其清除剂的影响

本工作发现糖尿病大鼠晶状体和血液中的ＬＰＯ、ＭＤＡ水平高于正常大鼠，而Ｔ－ＳＯＤ、Ｃｕ·Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ水平降低（Ｐ＜Ｏ．０１）．观察用不同剂量ＳＯＤ及不同时间的治疗方案，结果大剂量比小剂量，长时间比短时间更能改善自由基和清除剂的状况，提示糖尿病患者晶状体中自由基代谢异常，这可能和糖尿病性白内障有关；表明ＳＯＤ可能是防治糖尿病性白内障的良药．     

非晶态合金的自旋波激发与结构涨落及超精细场分布

本文研究了非晶态（ａ）－Ｆｅ－ＴＭ－Ｓｉ－Ｂ（ＴＭ＝Ｃｏ，Ｓｉ，Ｍｏ，Ｎｂ）合金从１．５Ｋ到３００Ｋ的磁化强度及室温穆斯堡尔谱，得到了成里温度Ｔｃ、饱和磁化强度σｓ（０）、自旋波颈度常数Ｄ及平均超精细场等。结果表明，（ａ）对于Ｆｅ８３Ｓｉ５Ｂ１２，当Ｎｂ，Ｍｏ与Ｓｉ，Ｃｏ取代Ｆｅ后，Ｆｅ－（Ｎｂ，Ｍｏ）－Ｓｉ－Ｂ的磁性质不同于Ｆｅ－（Ｓｉ，Ｃｏ）－Ｓｉ－Ｂ；（ｂ）ａ－Ｆｅ－（Ｍｏ，Ｎｂ，Ｃｒ，Ｗ，     

低温处理对西葫、茄子幼苗生长及同工酶的影响

１－４℃低温处理西葫和茄子,其幼苗生长明显受抑．低温处理到４ｄ时,分别检测两种作物幼苗根系和胚轴过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、细胞色素氧化酶（ＣＯＤ）,苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）的同工酶．结果发现,ＣＯＤ同工酶只在西葫根系中发生一些变化,ＰＯＤ和ＭＤＨ同工酶变化明显．西葫胚轴ＰＯＤ,根ＭＤＨ和茄子胚轴ＰＯＤ均有谱带增加或消失现象,这是低温诱导的结果．     

柑桔SOD对冷冻条件的反应

４种经低温锻炼的柑桔愈伤组织在系列冰冻温度下,抗寒性较强的山金柑愈伤组织ＳＯＤ活性上升后回落到对照水平以下,其余３种（抗寒力较弱）则无峰值出现,ＣＡＴ活性亦以山金柑变化最为显著。细胞ＭＤＡ含量的累积与品种抗冻力发展同步。经ＳＯＤ抑制剂（ＤＤＣ,二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠）和外源自由基清除剂的初步试验表明：ＳＯＤ与柑桔的抗寒性密切相关。     

DL-半胱氨酸对CCL_4肝中毒小白鼠LDH和SOD活性的影响

小白鼠口服花生油溶四氯化碳（ＣＣＬ４）１３．９５ｇ／ｋｇ（公斤体重）至３６ｈ诱发肝中毒和口服ＣＣＬ４前１０～２０ｍｉｎ于腹腔注入ＤＬ－半胱氨酸１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ．用凝胶圆盘电泳法显示肝中毒和中毒前腹腔注入ＤＬ－半胱氨酸小白鼠的血清乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）同工酶和肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的谱带变化．结果表明，中毒鼠血清呈现以ＬＤＨ５带占优势的肝损伤ＬＤＨ同工酶谱；中毒前腹腔注入ＤＬ－半胱氨酸的小白鼠，血清ＬＤＨ同工酶谱ＬＤＨ５显著缩减，其它同工酶带几乎未显现．ＣＣＬ４中毒的肝匀浆ＳＯＤ谱带与正常鼠比较明显变宽或呈现两条同工酶带；中毒前腹注ＤＬ－半胱氨酸的小鼠ＳＯＤ带与正常鼠略同，但有的仍呈现两条微弱的同工酶带．谱带的这些变化表明，ＣＣＬ４诱发肝细胞损伤可能与自由基生成和脂质过氧化有关，ＤＬ－半胱氨酸则可能具有阻断肝损伤的作用；ＣＣＬ４肝中毒在诱发自由基生成的同时又刺激了肝细胞ＳＯＤ活性增强     

SOD模型化合物对水稻幼苗抗寒性影响机理初探

用一定浓度范围（２．５－５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ）的超氧化物歧化酶模型化合物以浸种和喷洒相结合的方式处理水稻幼苗，以幼苗二叶一心期为低温胁迫期，结果表明处理能够维持低温胁迫后水稻幼苗体内较高的ＳＯＤ活性，较低的ＭＤＡ含量和电解质渗漏显示ＳＯＭＣ处理对低温胁迫苗的保护作用，然而稍高浓度的ＳＯＭＣ处理则有一定的毒害作用。     

紫甘薯膳食纤维的提取及对自由基的清除作用

以紫甘薯为材料,设计4因素3水平的正交实验,酶法提取膳食纤维。结果表明紫甘薯粉中膳食纤维提取的最佳工艺参数为0.7%的混合酶(其中α-淀粉酶∶糖化酶为6∶1),酶解温度70℃,处理时间80min,0.6%蛋白酶。以体外实验研究不同质量浓度(20~140mg/mL)的膳食纤维鲜样对1,1-二苯基-2-苦味酰基自由基(DPPH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O-2·)、羟自由基(·OH)的清除效果。结果表明紫薯膳食纤维对DPPH O-2·、·OH都有明显的清除效果,在20~140mg/mL的膳食纤维的浓度范围内,其清除自由基的效果随着膳食纤维的浓度增大而增强,但当浓度增加到一定程度后,对DPPH、超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力趋于平缓,对·OH的清除效果呈直线上升;其清除能力顺序为:DPPH自由基超氧阴离子自由基羟自由基。     

The Application of Microwave Low Temperature Plasma in Pretreatment of Cotton Fabric

The effect of microwave low temperature plasma pretreatment on desizing and removing natural impurity of cellulose fiber was studied. The influencing factors of pretreatment such as treating power, gas pressures and time were discussed in detail and the final effect had been compared with that of traditional pretreating process of cotton fabric. The results showed that better capillary effect, strength, whiteness and dyeing K/S value could be given by means of microwave low temperature plasma treatment.     

甲烷在直流放电等离子体中形成自由基研究

采用发射光谱分析法对直流辉光放电等离子体裂解甲烷所产生的自由基H·(656.3nm),CH3·(724.6nm),CH2·(341.9nm)及CH·(431.42nm)的发射光谱强度进行了在线测量和分析描述.结果表明:在甲烷等离子体空间存在激发态的甲基、亚甲基、次甲基、氢自由基,各自由基的形成规律具有相似性,即其光谱强度都有一个开始时大幅上升,达到峰值后下降或稳定,最后伴有强度的小波动逐渐进入准动态平衡过程,但各自由基的成分比例在放电的不同时间是不同的,且随放电条件而异;各自由基的形成规律受进料量(气压)的影响是不同的.     

花生分离蛋白复合酶水解工艺优化研究

探讨了超声波辅助前处理对花生分离蛋白复合酶解的影响,比较了碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶等六种蛋白酶解物清除DPPH自由基的效果,确定碱性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶较佳的复合比例为8∶2.在此基础上,开展响应面优化试验,以DPPH自由基清除率和水解度为指标,探讨复合酶与风味蛋白酶酶解的较佳工艺参数,并分析DPPH清除率和水解度相关性.实验结果表明,复合蛋白酶制备花生分离蛋白抗氧化肽的较佳酶解工艺为pH 8.5,温度49.36℃,酶添加量(E/S,质量分数m/m)3.40%,酶解时间203.59 min.     

三种单体在等离子体中的化学反应

本文对三种有机单体(MMA,MIB,VAC)等离子态下的反应产物进行了收集和分析。GC-MS测试表明产物由多种物种组成,ESR测试发现凝聚产物中有自由基存在。由产物分析推断了单体在等离子态下经历的反应历程。     

Synthesis and antioxidative properties of polyphenol-fullerenes

Fullerene derivatives have exhibited fascinating properties in biological systems. Several antioxidative hindered phenol units were connected to C₆₀ called radical sponge, resulting in its excellent solubility in polar solvents. The stable radical scavenging experiments were performed with electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The results indicate that both samples show desirable efficiency in eliminating free radicals.     

远程氧等离子体对大肠杆菌的灭菌效果与机理研究

采用Langmuir双电子探针和电子自旋共振诊断技术分别定量测定了远程氧等离子体场中各活性物种的分布.考察了远程氧等离子体对医用聚四氟乙烯表面大肠杆菌的灭活作用,并通过对灭菌后菌悬液蛋白质泄漏量、脂质过氧化物生成量及细菌DNA电泳图的测定分析了其灭菌机理.结果表明:远程氧等离子体中的电子、离子浓度随远程距离的增大迅速降低,30 cm后接近于0,而自由基浓度则相对降低缓慢,40 cm处仍为初始浓度的70%;远程氧等离子体60 s内的灭菌效果值在放电区可高达3.42,在远程距离40 cm以内也均在3.32以上,符合消毒灭菌的要求;电子、离子对细菌细胞膜的快速刻蚀及自由基对胞膜中多价不饱和脂肪酸的攻击分别是放电区及远程30cm后灭菌的主要原因.氧等离子体中紫外光的灭菌效果微弱.     

Adhesion of PBO Fiber in Epoxy Composites

The high mechanical and thermal performance of poly p-phenylene- 2, 6-benzobisoxazole ( PBO ) fiber provides great potential applications as reinforcement fibers for composites. A composite of PBO fiber and epoxy resin has excellent electrical insulation properties, therefore, it is considered to be the best choice for the reinforcement in high magnetic field coils for pulsed magnetic fields up to 100 T.However, poor adhesion between PBO fiber and matrix is found because of the chemically inactive and/or relatively smooth surface of the reinforcement fiber preventing efficient chemical bonding in the interface, which is a challenging issue to improve mechanical properties. Here, we report the surface modification of PBO fibers by ultraviolet (UV)irradiation, O2 and NH3 plasma, as well as acidic treatments. The interfacial adhesion strength values of all the treatments show the similar level as determined for aramid fibers by pull-out tests, a significant impact on fibermatrix-adhesion was not achieved. The surface free energy and roughness are increased for both sized and extracted fibers after plasma treatments together with maleic anhydride grafting. The sized fiber shows marginal improvement in adhesion strength and no change in fiber tensile strength because of the barrier effect of the finish.For the extracted fiber, different surface treatments either show no apparent effect or cause reduction in adhesion strength. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) topography analysis of the fracture surfaces proved adhesive failure at the fiber surface. The fiber surface roughness is increased and more surface flaws are induced, which could result in coarse interface structures when the treated fiber surface has no adequate wetting and functional groups. The adhesion failure is further confirmed by similar adhesion strength and compression shear strength values when the fiber was embedded in various epoxy resins with different temperature behavior. The tensile strength of fiber is sensitive to surface treatment conditions as revealed by a bimodal Weibull statistical distribution analysis. Considerable strength reduction occurred, particularly for cases of acidic and plasma treatments, while UV irradiation shows the better ability to retain fiber strength.     

Study on Bombyx mori silk treated by oxygen plasma

Study of the morphology, aggregation structure and properties of Bombyx mori silk treated by low temperature oxygen plasma showed that slight flutes appeared on the surface of Bombyx mori silk fiber and that its surface structure changed after plasma treatment. The conformation also changed and crystalline degree decreased. The stannic filling rate of treated fiber was improved. Because of etching, the weight of the fiber decreased but the breaking strength changed little after short-time treatment.