强化固溶态2024铝合金ECAP加工后的拉伸性能

在室温下对经强化固溶处理的2024铝合金实施了等效应变为0．5的等通道转角挤压（ECAP），将强化固溶、形变、时效和晶界细化四者有机结合，制备出超高强铝合金，其硬度、屈服强度、伸长率分别高达约191HV，610MPa和13％．强度-结构关系的定量计算表明，ECAP变形过程中所引入的位错，其对强度提升的贡献高达整个强度提高值的62．2％．研究结果还表明，强化固溶→低温ECAP变形→低温人工时效是提升常规铝合金的强度、制取超高强铝合金的一条有效途径。     

Microstructural and mechanical properties of Al-4.5wt% Cu reinforced with alumina nanoparticles by stir casting method

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-4.5wt% Cu alloy reinforced with different volume fractions (1.5vol%, 3vol%, and 5vol%) of alumina nanoparticles, fabricated using stir casting method, were investigated. Calculated amounts of alumina nanoparticles (about ?50 nm in size) were ball-milled with aluminum powders in a planetary ball mill for 5 h, and then the packets of milled powders were incorporated into molten Al-4.5wt% Cu alloy. Microstructural studies of the nanocomposites reveal a uniform distribution of alumina nanoparticles in the Al-4.5wt% Cu matrix. The results indicate an outstanding improvement in compression strength and hardness due to the effect of nanoparticle addition. The aging behavior of the composite is also evaluated, indicating that the addition of alumina nanoparticles can accelerate the aging process of the alloy, resulting in higher peak hardness values.     

具有失稳分解转变的Al-Zn-(Cu)系合金的固溶强化与析出强化

通过组织观察、X射线衍射及硬度测定对AlZn(Cu)系合金的固溶强化和析出强化效应进行了研究·结果表明,合金的强化主要取决于溶质原子的固溶强化作用,而合金发生失稳分解所产生的时效硬化作用很弱·对于AlZn2Cu实验合金来说,其固溶强化效应约为1GPa,而析出强化效应约为180MPa·Cu原子的加入不仅提高了AlZn合金的组织稳定性,使合金失稳分解造成的硬化峰值的出现大大推迟,而且2%Cu原子的加入使合金的淬火硬度约提高300MPa·     

Evaluation of precipitation hardening in TiC-reinforced Ti<Subscript>2</Subscript>AlNb-based alloys

Ti₂AlNb-based alloys with 0.0wt%, 0.6wt%, and 2.0wt% carbon nanotube (CNT) addition were fabricated from spherical Ti-22Al-25Nb powder by sintering in the B2 single-phase region. Phase identification and microstructural examination were performed to evaluate the effect of carbon addition on the hardness of the alloys. Carbon was either in a soluble state or in carbide form depending on its concentration. The acicular carbides formed around 1050℃ were identified as TiC and facilitated the transformation of α₂+B2 → O. The TiC was located within the acicular O phase. The surrounding O phase was distributed in certain orientations with angles of 65° or 90° O phase particles. The obtained alloy was composed of acicular O, Widmanstatten B2+O, and acicular TiC. As a result of the precipitation of carbides as well as the O phase, the hardness of the alloy with 2.0wt% CNT addition increased to HV 429±9.     

时效对10Ni10Mn2CuAl钢组织及性能的影响

基于富Cu相和NiAl(Mn)相复合沉淀析出强化的方式设计了一种新型高强度舰船用钢10Ni10Mn2CuAl,探究了时效处理工艺对10Ni10Mn2CuAl钢的组织及性能的影响.采用Thermo-Calc软件对析出相析出温度和含量进行理论计算,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对基体典型夹杂及对时效处理后组织进行了分析,并进行了性能测试.研究结果表明:钢中富Cu相析出温度区间为300~606℃,最高质量分数为1.41%.随时效时间增加,马氏体板条呈现粗化到细化演变,硬度增加到峰值后趋于稳定.随时效温度升高加速析出相析出过程,硬度达到峰值的时间缩短.在最佳热处理工艺下(500℃时效24h),实验钢屈服强度为1435.51MPa,抗拉强度为1555.42MPa,延伸率为8%,综合性能达到最优.     

Peculiar aging response of near b Ti–25 Nb–2Mo–4Sn alloy for biomedical applications

In this paper,aging response of a recently developed near β Ti-25Nb-2Mo-4Sn(wt%) alloy with high strength and low modulus was investigated intensively.The experimental results from X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy showed that the aging production of the Ti-2524 alloy was(β+ω) or(β+α) even under the same aging treatment condition,depending on the pre-treatments prior to the aging.Solid evidence confirmed the competition between stable α phase and metastable ω phase during the decomposition of β phase on aging.Different aging response of Ti-2524 alloy can be attributed to high-density dislocations and grain boundaries which suppress the formation of ω,and alternatively promote a phase formation.This provides a thermo-mechanical approach to inhibit deleterious ω phase formation and assist fine α phase precipitation.Upon an appropriate aging treatment,superior mechanical properties of high ultimate tensile strength(1233 MPa) and low elastic modulus(77 GPa) were achieved in Ti-2524 alloy.     

钇对银基合金靶材坯料微观组织及性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、SEM、EDS、硬度测试、电阻率测试和耐硫化测试等方法，研究了Y的不同添加量对银基合金靶材坯料显微组织和性能的影响.结果表明:Y添加量较少时，Y主要以固溶体的形式存在，可以起到细化晶粒的作用，而Y添加量过多时，会有第二相析出.当Y添加量为0.1%时材料综合性能最好，此时银基合金靶材坯料的硬度值较高，电阻率较低，耐硫化性能最佳.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered Ti-Mo alloys for dental applications

Ti-Mo alloys with various Mo contents from 6wt% to 14wt% were processed by spark plasma sintering based on elemental powders. The influence of sintering temperature and Mo content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulting alloys were investigated. For each Mo concentration, the optimum sintering temperature was determined, resulting in a fully dense and uniform microstructure of the alloy. The optimized sintering temperature gradually increases in the range of 1100–1300℃ with the increase in Mo content. The microstructure of the Ti-(6–12)Mo alloy consists of acicular α phase surrounded by equiaxed grains of β phase, while the Ti-14Mo alloy only contains single β phase. A small amount of fine α lath precipitated from β phase contributes to the improvement in strength and hardness of the alloys. Under the sintering condition at 1250℃, the Ti-12Mo alloy is found to possess superior mechanical properties with the Vickers hardness of Hv 472, the compressive yield strength of 2182 MPa, the compression rate of 32.7%, and the elastic modulus of 72.1 GPa. These results demonstrate that Ti-Mo alloys fabricated via spark plasma sintering are indeed a perspective candidate alloy for dental applications.     

稀土对Al-Zn-Mg合金力学性能和应力腐蚀的影响

将0.06%稀土加入到Al-Zn-Mg合金中, 固溶处理后在150 ℃下时效. 在峰时效条件下 , 观察稀土对其力学性能和抗应力腐蚀断裂性能的影响. 结果表明, 稀土的加入使硬度峰值出现的时间提前, 并使硬度峰值、 屈服强度、 抗拉强度、 延伸率和抗应力腐蚀断裂的能力增加. 金相观察和X射线衍射结果表明, 稀土的加入减小了晶粒尺寸, 促进了强化相MgZn₂的析出, 此外稀土还能够明显减少合金中的 氢含量.     

Hydrogen storage of multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated with Pd-Ni nanoparticles under moderate conditions

A type of novel material with a high hy-drogen storage capacity was prepared by supporting PdNi18 alloy nanoparticles,which were synthesized by using a new colloid method,on the surface of pretreated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The average PdNi18 alloy particle sizes calculated from XRD patterns were ca. 3 nm,and the high dis-persion of these particles on MWCNTs was con-firmed by TEM image. Hydrogen storage perform-ance of the composite was investigated under mod-erate pressure (0.1―1.5 MPa) at room temperature,and a maximum storage capacity of ca. 2.3 wt% was achieved under 1.5 MPa at room temperature,which was much higher than that reported previously under the same conditions.     

Microstruct ural evolution and mechanical behavior of metastable β -type Ti – 25Nb–2Mo – 4Sn alloy with high strength and low modulus

This paper presents a systematic study of newly developed metastable β-type Ti-25Nb-2Mo-4Sn (wt%) alloy with high strength and low elastic modulus, with focus on the microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior associated with aging. The pre-treatment (solution treatment or cold rolling) prior to aging exerts substantial influence on the subsequent aging response including microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior. Even under the same aging treatment, the aging products could be (β+ω), or alternatively (β+α), depending on the pre-treatments. This interesting aging response was discussed on the basis of the mechanism for ω formation. High-density dislocation tangles and grain boundaries induced by severe cold rolling play a key role in hindering the transition from β to isothermal ω, favoring the precipitation of α phase on aging. By aging cold-rolled specimen for short time, superior mechanical properties, i.e. high ultimate strength of ～1113 MPa and low elastic modulus of ～65 GPa, achieved in Ti-25Nb-2Mo-4Sn alloy. The characterization of microstructural evolution and compositional change indicated that the precipitation of fine α does not cause the enrichment of β-stabilizers in β matrix upon a short-time aging, guaranteeing low elastic modulus of the short-time aged specimen. Meanwhile, fine α precipitates as well as dislocations play a crucial part in strengthening, giving rise to its high yield strength and high ultimate tensile strength.     

Effect of Sc addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of 1460 alloy

The effect of minor addition of Sc on microstructure,age hardening behavior,tensile properties and fracture morphology of 1460 alloy have been studied. It is found that Sc content increase from 0.11 wt% to 0.22 wt% is favorable for grain refinement in as-cast alloy but results in a coarsening of Cu-rich particles. The alloy with 0.11 wt% Sc exhibits enhanced mechanical properties and age hardening effect. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) investigations on the alloy with 0.11 wt% Sc have suggested that a large amount of Al3(Sc,Zr) particles precipitated at the earlier aging may inhibit recrystallization effectively.     

退火条件对6016铝合金硬度和蠕变性能的影响

【目的】研究6016铝合金在不同退火温度和时效条件下的硬度和蠕变性能,为生产应用领域提供参考依据。【方法】利用纳米压痕技术对不同退火温度和时效处理的6016铝合金的硬度及蠕变性能进行测试。【结果】退火温度对6016铝合金的硬度影响不大;随着自然时效时间的延长,各试样的硬度值都出现先略微变化,然后大幅减小再增大的趋势。蠕变系数在不同自然时效时间下出现浮动现象,蠕变系数n=1.723~2.796,各试样蠕变系数呈现先变小后增大再减小的趋势,在7d时效时出现最优值,在27d时出现峰值,随时间延长蠕变系数出现回归现象,材料形变速率减小,并趋于一个相对稳定状态;但在同样时效条件下它们的差异并不明显。【结论】经过不同温度和不同时效时间处理的6016铝合金,其硬度随时效时间变化而变化。热处理对蠕变系数的影响较弱,6016铝合金的力学性能比较稳定。对6016铝合金板材采用"退火处理+自然时效"后,最适宜的应用时间是在两个月后。     

Studies on induction hardening of powder-metallurgy-processed Fe-Cr/Mo alloys

Induction hardening of dense Fe-Cr/Mo alloys processed via the powder-metallurgy route was studied. The Fe-3Cr-0.5Mo, Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo, and Fe-0.85Mo pre-alloyed powders were mixed with 0.4wt%, 0.6wt%, and 0.8wt% C and compacted at 500, 600, and 700 MPa, respectively. The compacts were sintered at 1473 K for 1 h and then cooled at 6 K/min. Ferrite with pearlite was mostly observed in the sintered alloys with 0.4wt% C, whereas a carbide network was also present in the alloys with 0.8wt% C. Graphite at prior particle boundaries led to deterioration of the mechanical properties of alloys with 0.8wt% C, whereas no significant induction hardening was achieved in alloys with 0.4wt% C. Among the investigated samples, alloys with 0.6wt% C exhibited the highest strength and ductility and were found to be suitable for induction hardening. The hardening was carried out at a frequency of 2.0 kHz for 2-3 s. A case depth of 2.5 mm was achieved while maintaining the bulk (interior) hardness of approximately HV 230. A martensitic structure was observed on the outer periphery of the samples. The hardness varied from HV 600 to HV 375 from the sample surface to the interior of the case hardened region. The best combination of properties and hardening depth was achieved in case of the Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo alloy with 0.6wt% C.     

时效时间对6063铝合金准静态压缩性能的影响

以6063铝合金汽车吸能型材为研究对象,采用准静态轴向加载方式,从组织、力学性能等方面研究不同时效制度对6063铝合金型材准静态压缩性能的影响。结果表明：当时效温度为200 ℃时,随着时效时间的延长,合金组织中大尺寸析出相的数量呈先增加后减少的趋势,粗晶层厚度基本不变;随着时效时间的延长,6063铝合金型材的强度、硬度升高,同时准静态压缩的承载能力增强,时效时间6 h时承载能力达到峰值;6063铝合金型材的吸能性能随时效时间的延长而提高,时效时间6 h的吸收功较2 h的提高了48%。     

回归时间对Al-9.74%Li合金析出δ′相的影响

采用X射线方法研究回归时间对Al-9.74%Li合金经回 归再回火处理析出δ′相的影响. 结果表明， 由于δ′相粒子的溶解导致样品硬度在短期回归时间内明显下降； 并随回归时间的延长引起δ′相粒子的再析出及粗化， 从而使样品硬度出现一个较弱的峰值， 然后继续单调下降.     

形变对铁铜合金时效析出的影响

对铁铜合金分别进行50%和80%冷变形,利用金相显微镜以及高分辨投射电镜研究形变热处理过程中的微观组织与沉淀析出,分析形变量对时效析出的影响. 结果表明:变形有助于第二相的析出,大的冷变形量时沉淀相粒子形成的速率更快,所占体积分数更大. 优先析出为富铜过渡相,这种富铜过渡相所形成的GP区对合金起强化作用,其后随时效时间延长这种富铜相逐渐转转变成ε-Cu.     

热处理参数对超高强铝合金硬度的影响

采用热处理、硬度测试、显微组织观察等方法,分析不同的时效温度、固溶时间、时效时间对超高强铝合金硬度的影响,并利用正交方差分析对最佳的热处理工艺参数进行优选.结果表明：在固溶温度为460℃,固溶时间为400、60、200 min,时效温度为130、150、170℃,时效时间为10、15、20 h的条件下,各参数对硬度影响...     

振动研磨工艺对QAl10-4-4合金的表面组织及性能的影响

研究了振动研磨工艺对涡轮用QAl10-4-4合金组织和表面性能的影响.结果表明：振动研磨处理后,QAl10-4-4合金产生了从研磨表面至心部硬度逐渐降低的硬化层,表面硬度提高约20%;相对于未研磨处理的QAl10-4-4合金,经振动研磨处理后,合金处于表面压应力状态,表面残余应力提高约300 MPa,表面粗糙度明显降低,表面摩擦因数显著下降,耐磨性显著提高.工程实际应用结果表明：使用振动研磨工艺处理QAl10-4-4合金蜗轮提高整机的传动效率超过20%.振动研磨后,材料表面综合性能的提高与表层组织细化有直接关系.