具有失稳分解强化的Hall-Petch关系

对Cu30Ni25Fe合金,采用变形和热处理的方法获得了不同的晶粒度和失稳分解组织,研究了失稳分解相界对HallPetch关系的影响·结果表明,合金发生失稳分解后,其硬度和晶粒直径的关系仍符合HallPetch关系式·在各种晶粒度下失稳分解后的硬度均大于固溶态,但当分解后的两相尺寸与晶粒尺寸相比约小两个数量级时,失稳分解的相界强化作用消失·失稳分解组织的细晶硬化系数KHV值明显低于固溶态,且随失稳分解强化作用的增大而降低,这反映了失稳分解后合金的强度对晶粒大小的敏感程度降低·     

塑性变形对Cu-Ni-Fe合金失稳分解组织形态的影响

通过电子显微分析研究了塑性变形对４５Ｃｕ ３０Ｎｉ ２５Ｆｅ(原子数百分数)合金失稳分解组织形态的影响·塑性变形不仅向合金组织中引入了高密度位错,还会造成大量的孪晶·固溶处理后水淬的合金,经冷轧变形７５％后再在９００℃时效２ｈ,失稳分解组织的形态变为近等轴状·固溶处理后炉冷至７００℃、并在空冷至室温后冷轧变形８０％的试样,经６００℃时效５０ｈ后,失稳分解的组织形态由变形前的编织状也转变为等轴状·同时塑性变形能够促进失稳分解组织的不连续粗化     

高强高导Cu-Cr-Zr系合金的研究现状

从合金成分设计、析出相结构和制备技术三方面综述了高强高导Cu-Cr-Zr系合金的研究现状.在分析多种元素对合金强度影响的基础上,重点讨论了稀土元素的作用,适量稀土的加入能同时提高合金的硬度和电导率.Cu-Cr-Zr系合金的析出相主要是Cr和CuxZr（x=3,4,5）相,且合金在470 ℃时效4h形成有序的原子排列,其化合物类型为CrCu2（Zr,Mg）.固溶形变时效强化技术和快速凝固技术与常规固溶时效处理相比都能大大提高合金的综合性能.该类合金今后应向多元微合金化方向发展,尚待解决的主要问题是Zr、稀土等易烧损元素的熔炼较难控制.     

锌铝合金等温时效硬化特性

利用X射线衍射、显微硬度测量实验手段探索了Zn-Al合金在固溶时效特性的研究。结果表明：锌铝合金在固溶时效过程中过饱和固溶体α's将发生分解,析出η-Zn相,使合金的显微硬度发生变化,Zn含量及时效温度决定Zn-Al合金过饱和固溶体的分解速度及合金等温时效硬化特性。     

强化固溶对7055铝合金力学性能和断裂行为的影响

残余可溶结晶相颗粒是制约高强度铝合金力学性能的重要因素．作者通过改变固溶热处理条件并结合金相组织观察和断口分析研究了强化固溶对提高7055铝合金力学性能的作用．结果表明采取逐步升温固溶处理可使最终固溶温度超过多相共晶温度而不产生过烧组织,提高残余可溶结晶相的固溶程度和合金力学性能．强化固溶的7055合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达715MPa和750MPa,且延伸率约为10％;微量元素Zr比Cr更有利于提高7055合金的力学性能,且在强化固溶条件下,提高效果更加明显．通过断口分析显示,合金的断裂属晶内韧窝断裂与沿晶断裂的混合断裂;强化固溶后,残余结晶相引起的晶内韧窝断裂减少,沿晶断裂增加     

固溶温度对薄板细晶2A97铝锂合金强化机制的影响研究

固溶温度影响晶粒尺寸小于10 μm的薄板细晶2A97合金的强化机制,在固溶时间相同条件下,540 °C固溶温度得到的2A97合金时效峰值抗拉强度比510 °C的低40 MPa. 为了解释这一现象,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等表征方法,分别从固溶强化、晶界强化、位错强化、析出强化等强化机制的角度,对固溶温度影响2A97合金强化机制的原因进行定量分析. 研究发现,相对于510 °C,固溶温度540 °C时合金晶粒长大明显,回复再结晶程度高,位错密度降低,晶界无析出带变宽,这些影响导致合金性能下降.     

时效过程中Cu-17Zn-0.4Cr合金微观结构及性能的研究

文章通过抗拉强度、电阻的测定以及观察显微组织的方式,对Cu-17Zn-0.4Cr合金进行研究。结果表明,低温条件下,该合金过饱和固溶体分解过程时,加工强化对其强度起主要作用,高温时,沉淀强化是主要控制因素;同时,Zn始终起到固溶强化的作用,细小、弥散的Cr析出相使Cu-17Zn-0.4Cr合金具有较高的强度。     

时效过程中Cu-17Zn-0.4Cr合金

文章通过抗拉强度、电阻的测定以及观察显微组织的方式,对Cu-17Zn-0.4Cr合金进行研究.结果表明,低温条件下,该合金过饱和固溶体分解过程时,加工强化对其强度起主要作用,高温时,沉淀强化是主要控制因素;同时,Zn始终起到固溶强化的作用,细小、弥散的Cr析出相使Cu-17Zn-0.4Cr合金具有较高的强度.     

含Cu-Cr微合金钢650℃回火时第二相析出强化的研究

将含Cu-Cr微合金钢 930℃保温 30min淬火至室温，随后 650℃回火 10min~10h。利用光学显微镜（OM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）研究不同回火时间条件下，样品中组织演变和第二相析出行为。结果表明：回火过程中组织从马氏体和贝氏体逐渐向针状铁素体和多边形铁素体演变；硬度变化曲线上出现2个二次硬化峰值，分别为回火1h和4h是的硬化峰，前者是V和Mo的碳化物析出强化结果，后者是由富Cu相的析出强化所致，V和Mo的碳化物强化产生的硬度值增量大于富Cu相；Cr的碳化物在回火过程中析出长大速度较快，析出强化能力较弱。     

内氧化法制备表面弥散强化铜

采用包埋法对Cu-Cr-Zr合金圆柱试样进行内氧化处理及相关的组织和性能测试。试验结果表明:在一定温度下,通过控制氧分压,经过一定时间在Cu-Cr-Zr合金表面形成一层Cr2O3/ZrO2颗粒弥散分布的内氧化层。内氧化层晶粒大小由外向内逐渐增大。内氧化层硬度由表面向内逐渐降低,平均硬度略高于未氧化层硬度。固溶时效处理对内氧化区域的硬度影响不大,经冷变形后,无论是内氧化区域(弥散强化区域)还是未氧化区域(时效析出强化区域)均可获得较高的硬度。     

超细亚晶粒铝合金的强化机理

在室温下对经过时效处理的2024铝合金实施了等效应变为0.5的等通道转角挤压(ECAP)变形,将形变强化、时效强化和晶界细化强化有机结合,制备出超细亚晶粒铝合金,其硬度、屈服强度、伸长率分别约达100 HV,130 MPa和31%.分析探讨了超细亚晶粒2024铝合金的强化机理.研究结果表明,屈服强度的实测数值和理论计算...     

强化固溶态2024铝合金ECAP加工后的拉伸性能

在室温下对经强化固溶处理的2024铝合金实施了等效应变为0．5的等通道转角挤压（ECAP），将强化固溶、形变、时效和晶界细化四者有机结合，制备出超高强铝合金，其硬度、屈服强度、伸长率分别高达约191HV，610MPa和13％．强度-结构关系的定量计算表明，ECAP变形过程中所引入的位错，其对强度提升的贡献高达整个强度提高值的62．2％．研究结果还表明，强化固溶→低温ECAP变形→低温人工时效是提升常规铝合金的强度、制取超高强铝合金的一条有效途径。     

Tuning microstructure,transformation behavior,mechanical/functional properties of Ti-V-Al shape memory alloy by doping quaternary rare earth Y

The microstructure features, martensitic transformation behavior and mechanical/functional properties of Ti–V–Al alloy were tailored by changing rare element Y content in the present investigation. The results showed that Y doping resulted in the grain refinement and formation of Y-rich phase mainly distributing along grain boundary in Ti–V–Al alloys. The martensitic transformation temperatures of Ti–V–Al alloys slightly increased due to the variation of matrix composition induced by the presence of Y-rich phase. The mechanical and functional properties of Ti–V–Al alloys doped moderate Y addition were significantly improved, which can be ascribed to grain refinement, solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening. The 1.0 at.%Y-doped Ti–V–Al alloy exhibited the highest ultimate tensile stress of 912 MPa and largest elongation of 17.68%. In addition, it was found that the maximum recoverable strain of 5.42% can be obtained in Ti–V–Al alloy with adding 1.0 at.%Y,under the pre-strain of 6% condition, which is enhanced by approximate 0.6% than that of Ti–V–Al alloy without Y addition.     

Effects of Gd solutes on hardness and yield strength of Mg alloys

Relative contribution of individual strengthening mechanisms to the yield strength of Mg–0–15 wt%Gd alloys were investigated.Alloys with different grain size were prepared by adding Zr and hot extrusion.Hardness and tensile/compression yield strength were tested on the alloys after solid solution treatment and extrusion.HallPetch constants were calculated with hardness and tensile/compressive data.The results showed that the hardness of Mg–Gd alloys with similar Gd content and different grain size were almost the same,which indicates that grain size had little effect on hardness.The hardness linearly increased with rising Gd content(d H_v/dc≈25 kg mm~(-2)/at%Gd).The tensile and compressive yield strengths enhanced with the increase of Gd content for all alloys in different conditions.In addition,the tensile/compressive(t/c)yield asymmetry of extruded alloys decreased with increasing Gd content.Large t/c yield asymmetry ratio(1.77)was observed for pure Mg,and with increasing Gd content this value decreased to 1.With the increasing of tensile strength,the stress intensity factor,k_y,decreased from 0.27 MPa m~(1/2)for Mg–2 wt%Gd alloy to 0.19 MPa m~(1/2) for Mg–5 wt%Gd alloy,then increased to 0.29 MPa m~(1/2) for Mg–15 wt%Gd alloy.However,k_yincreased linearly form 0.16–0.31 MPa for compression test.The influence of grain size strengthening was eliminated,and the yield strength of tension and compression both linearly increased with c~n,where c is the atom concentration of Gd,and n=1/2 or 2/3.     

多组元AlxTiVCrMnFeCoNiCu高熵合金的室温力学性能

依据多组元高混合熵合金的合金设计理念,设计了一族九组元AlxTiVCrMnFeCoNiCu高熵合金,并研究了该合金系室温力学性能.结果表明:(1)合金系具有超过1.3GPa的断裂强度,其中AlTiVCrMnFeCoNiCu合金达2.4GPa,同时AlTiVCrMnFeCoNiCu和Al2TiVCrMnFeCoNiCu两种合金还具有一定的压缩塑性;(2)合金系枝晶和枝晶间隙区均具有很高的显微硬度,且随Al含量的提高而近线性提高;(3)固溶强化机制、纳米相弥散强化机制和面心立方/体心立方相转变使得合金系具有很高的断裂强度和显微硬度.     

Stability of thermal cycling and high temperature mechanical properties for Ti–V–Al–B lightweight shape memory alloy

The microstructure of the Ti–V–Al shape memory alloy with refined grain and in-situ TiB phase was modified by doping minor Boron (B), which contributes to the superior mechanical performances and strain recovery characteristics. Compared with other quaternary Ti–V–Al-X alloys, the Ti–V–Al–B alloy showed the largest ultimate tensile stress due to the solution strengthening, grain refinement and precipitation strengthening of in-situ TiB phase. Moreover, the Ti–V–Al alloy added 0.1 ?at.%B possessed the maximum yield stress of 701 ?MPa and the largest tensile fracture strain of 27.6% at the temperature of 150 ?°C. Meanwhile, the excellent strain recovery characteristics with fully recoverable strain of 4% could be obtained due to B addition. Besides, B addition suppressed the precipitation of ω phase during thermal cycling and further improved the thermal cycling stability of the Ti–V–Al alloy.     

Microstructure evolution of a recycled Al-Fe-Si-Cu alloy processed by tube channel pressing

Although excellent recyclability is one of the advantages of Al alloys, a recycling process can reduce different properties of these alloys by adding coarse AlFeSi particles into the alloys' microstructures. One of the well-known methods for modifying the microstructure of metallic materials is the imposition of severe plastic deformation (SPD). Nevertheless, the microstructure evolutions of recycled Al alloys containing extraordinary fractions of AlFeSi particles during SPD processing have seldom been considered. The aim of the present work is to study the microstructure evolution of a recycled Al-Fe-Si-Cu alloy during SPD processing. For this purpose, tubular specimens of the mentioned alloy were subjected to different numbers of passes of a recently developed SPD process called tube channel pressing (TCP); their microstructures were then studied using different techniques. The results show that coarse AlFeSi particles are fragmented into finer particles after processing by TCP. However, decomposition and dissolution of AlFeSi particles through TCP processing are negligible. In addition, TCP processing results in an increase in hardness of the alloy, which is attributed to the refinement of grains, to an increase of the dislocation density, and to the fragmentation of AlFeSi particles.     

高韧性420MPa级桥梁钢开发及强化机制分析

通过优化合金成分、改进控轧控冷工艺等手段,成功开发出屈服强度在480~530MPa,抗拉强度在560~630MPa,延伸率在21%~25%,-20℃冲击功全部在200J以上的Q420桥梁钢.对透射电镜下的析出相及金相显微组织中的晶粒尺寸进行相关统计计算,得到各类强化贡献量数值,并对Q420桥梁钢的强化机制进行了分析.分析结果表明:在新开发的Q420桥梁钢中析出强化贡献量占全部强度的10%以下,而固溶强化量及细晶强化量分别占全部强度的54%及36%,因此确认420MPa级桥梁钢的强化机制以固溶强化、细晶强化为主.     

Zr基大块非晶的研究

利用射流成型法制备出Ｚｒ５２．５Ｃｕ１４．６Ａ１１０Ｔｉ５大块非晶,该合金系统具有很强的玻璃形成能力和宽的过冷区,其玻璃转化温度Ｔｇ＝６５０．６３Ｋ,晶化温度Ｔｘ＝７２１．９０Ｋ,过冷区△Ｔｘ＝Ｔｘ－Ｔｇ＝７１．２７Ｋ,Ｖｉｃｋｅｒ硬度为５５８ｋｇ／ｍｍ＾２,压缩断裂强度１７３０ＧＰａ,弹性模量８２ＧＰａ,观察其断口有大量纹络状河流花样,并有融化的液滴存在,该合金系统大的玻璃形成能力应归功于合金组