多种体系中黄连素和NAC抗氧化活性的研究

采用硫代巴比妥酸比色法,彗星电泳,SDS-PAGE法检测了黄连素与NAC单独或联合时对脂质过氧化、DNA损伤、蛋白质氧化降解的保护;用邻苯三酚自氧化法、甲基紫法和DMPD·+法检测了二者对超氧阴离子、羟自由基和DMPD·+自由基的清除能力.结果表明,黄连素具有良好的抗氧化效果,且呈浓度依懒性.黄连素浓度为30μmol/L时对超氧阴离子清除率达到22.01%,150μmol/L时接近100%.在与NAC联合后,作用强于二者单独作用的效果,但稍低于二者单独作用的叠加.黄连素在清除羟自由基,浓度为10μmol/L时,清除率已达到95%,联合NAC作用后,却显示了负协同效应.相比而言黄连素对DMPD·+的清除能力较弱,黄连素浓度为80μmol/L时,对DMPD·+自由基的清除率为3.6%,而NAC与黄连素联用后,清除活性远高于两者的单独加和.以上结果均呈现出黄连素显著的抗氧化活性.     

黄连素抗氧化活性的研究

采用MDA测定、琼脂糖凝胶电泳和SDS-PAGE法,检测了黄连素对由自由基引起的脂质过氧化、DNA断裂、蛋白质氧化降解的保护作用;用DMPD·+法检测了黄连素对DMPD·+自由基的清除能力.研究结果表明,黄连素有很好的抗氧化活性,并且随着浓度的升高,对脂质过氧化、DNA断裂、蛋白质氧化降解的保护作用和清除DMPD·+的能力逐渐增强.在抑制脂质过氧化中,当浓度为320 μmol·L-1时,抑制率达到95.5%.在保护DNA的氧化性损伤中,浓度为80 μmol·L-1时,具有明显的保护作用.在保护蛋白质氧化降解中,浓度达320 μmol·L-1时,保护作用明显.但对DMPD·+的清除能力较弱.当浓度为80 μmol·L-1时,清除率为1.7%.说明黄连素在不同的抗氧化体系中抗氧化活性不同.     

多种体系中NaHS抗氧化活性的研究

采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、硫代巴比妥酸比色法、DMPD法、甲基紫法和SDS-PAGE法,检测了NaHS对超氧阴离子的清除能力、脂质过氧化的抑制作用、DMPD.+自由基的清除能力、清除羟自由基的能力及蛋白质氧化降解的保护作用.研究结果表明,NaHS在各体系中均具有很强的作用,且呈浓度依赖关系.脂质过氧化的半抑制浓度为22.04μg/mL,对超氧阴离子、DMPD和羟自由基的半清除率分别为3.44、1.26和54.07μg/mL,活性均远高于人工合成抗氧化剂Trolox.对蛋白质的氧化损伤在2μg/mL时已有明显的保护作用,作用也比Trolox强.这些结果表明NaHS在这些反应系统中均表现出突出的抗氧化活性.     

沙棘维生素P粉系列美白化妆品的制备

研究制备了含有沙棘维生素P粉的美白化妆品.通过检测沙棘维生素P粉的羟自由基清除活性,还原力及对酪氨酸酶的抑制率选择合适的添加浓度.研究并设计润肤水、乳液、面霜的配方组成,制备美白化妆品,并对化妆品进行质量安全检测.实验结果表明,当沙棘维生素P粉浓度为8mg/m L,其酪氨酸酶抑制率可达到66.03%,羟自由基清除率达到84.7%,且本实验制备的沙棘维生素P粉系列美白化妆品工艺简单,质量安全符合要求,稳定性较好.实验结果可为美白化妆品的制备提供一定的参考依据.     

毛蜂窝菌菌油化学成分分析与DPPH自由基清除活性

目的 分析毛蜂窝菌菌油的化学成分并评价其1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基（DPPH）自由基清除活性。方法 以乙醚为提取剂,采用连续回流渗漉法提取毛蜂窝菌菌油,通过硅胶柱层析对菌油进行精制。毛蜂窝菌菌油化学成分经过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术分析,采用面积归一法测定菌油中各组分的相对含量,再用分光光度法评价其DPPH自由基清除活性。结果 经GC-MS分析,毛蜂窝菌菌油中一共分离出了223个峰,鉴定出了44种化合物,占菌油的45.067%。相对含量最高的为（E,E）-亚油酸甲酯（5.362%）,其次是甘油三亚油酸酯（4.147%）,亚油酸甲酯（4.098%）,相对含量均超过了4%。菌油DPPH自由基消除活性实验结果显示,一半DPPH自由基被清除时,菌油样品浓度为4.354 0 mg/m L。结论 毛蜂窝菌菌油的化学成分丰富多样,含有烷烃类化合物12种,脂类化合物12种,烯烃类化合物4种,酸类化合物5种,醇类化合物2种,醚类化合物3种,以及醛、胺等化合物。且该菌油具有有效的DPPH自由基清除活性。     

见血青总生物碱的抑菌活性和抗氧化性研究

采用滤纸片法,以12种细菌和4种真菌为试供菌种,对见血青总生物碱进行体外抑菌活性实验;并通过DPPH法测定见血青总生物碱清除自由基能力. 抑菌实验结果表明:见血青总生物碱对16种微生物的生长均有很强的抑制性.抗氧化实验表明,见血青总生物碱在0.5～100 μg/mL的实验浓度范围内具有很强的清除DPPH自由基的活性,清除率为5%～93.5%,其清除DPPH自由基的活性显著高于同等浓度的BHT.     

Antioxidant activities of alliin and allicin

针对大蒜精油成分复杂、抗氧化活性不明确等问题,采用化学合成法合成了大蒜精油中两种主要成分——大蒜素与大蒜新素,采用DPPH(1,2-二苯基苦酰基苯肼)与油脂氧化体系,评价并比较两者清除自由基与抑制POV值的活性.结果显示:大蒜素在质量浓度为10.0 μg/mL时,DPPH自由基的清除率接近95％,而大蒜新素则基本没有此活性;对油脂体系而言,大蒜素质最浓度在1 000.0 μg/mL时,油脂的POV维持较低值,而大蒜新素对油脂的POV值影响甚微,另外油脂的酸碱环境对大蒜素的抗氧化作用有着重要的影响.     

扇叶铁线蕨总黄酮和总酚含量及其抗氧化能力分析

测定了扇叶铁线蕨(Adiantum flabellulatum L.)的总黄酮和总酚含量及其对DPPH(DPPH˙)自由基、ABTS自由基(ABTS˙)的清除力和Fe的还原力.结果表明:1)扇叶铁线蕨总黄酮质量分数在6%~8%之间,总酚质量分数在7%~14%之间,地下部分总黄酮和总酚含量高于地上部分,不同产地的扇叶铁线蕨总黄酮和总酚含量存在一定差异;2)扇叶铁线蕨提取物具有一定的Fe还原能力,以及清除DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的能力;且ABTS自由基清除能力和Fe还原能力随总黄酮和总酚浓度的增加而增强.     

维生素C和维生素E的联合抗氧化活性研究

维生素C和维生素E具有多种生理活性,也是抗氧化剂,二者联合作用的生化机理研究鲜见报道.本文采用铁氰化钾法、甲基紫法、邻苯三酚自氧化法和DMPD法,检测了维生素C和维生素E单独及联合作用后的还原力、对DMPD·+自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子的清除能力;采用SDS-PAGE法和SCGE法检测了二者对蛋白质和细胞DNA氧化损伤的保护作用.结果表明,维生素C和维生素E在各个体系中具有较强的作用,并呈浓度依赖性.维生素C在还原能力、清除自由基能力方面比维生素E强,二者的联合作用大多强于单独作用,表现出一定的协同增效作用.同时,维生素C和维生素E在AAPH引起的蛋白质氧化损伤中也有很好的保护作用,二者联合后作用效果更明显,但在对细胞DNA的氧化损伤中未见协同保护作用.     

裙带菜多糖的结构及抗氧化、免疫调节活性

采用水提醇沉法制备裙带菜多糖(UPP),提取率为11.00%±0.25%,UPP由葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖、半乳糖、鼠李糖组成,分子质量为691.05 ku.体外抗氧化实验测得UPP的氧自由基吸收(ORAC)能力、ABTS自由基清除能力和DPPH自由基清除能力分别为164.54±4.85μmol/g(以Trolox为标准品计)、64.93±4.76和46.80±6.06μmol/g(后两者均以Trolox为阳性对照).选用RAW264.7细胞对UPP的体外免疫调节活性进行研究,发现UPP在50～1 500 mg/L质量浓度范围内对该细胞无明显毒性,且可显著增强该细胞的吞噬能力,当UPP质量浓度为600 mg/L时,相对细胞吞噬能力达113.22%±2.75%.当UPP质量浓度为600 mg/L时,促RAW264.7细胞释放NO量达12.60±1.01μmol/L;UPP在100～800 mg/L的质量浓度范围内可显著上调诱导性一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的mRNA表达量.以上研究结果表明,裙带菜多糖具有良好的体外抗氧化能力和免疫调节活性,可应用于保健食品的工业生产中.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-