Programmed self-assembly of DNA origami nanoblocks into anisotropic higher-order nanopatterns

Anisotropic nanopatterns have potentials in constructing novel plasmonic structures which have various applications in such as super-resolution microscopy, medicine, and sensors. However, it remains challenging to build big anisotropic nanopatterns that are suitable for big noble metal nanoparticles. Herein, we report a simple and reliable strategy for constructing DNA origami-based big anisotropic nanopatterns with controlled size and shape, nanoscale resolution, and fully addressability. Two kinds of basic DNA origami nanoblocks-cross-shaped and rectangular DNA origami units were used. We have demonstrated that by encoding nanoblocks’ edges, anisotropic higher-order nanopatterns, such as dimer, trimer, tetramer and mini "windmill" like pentamer nanopatterns could be constructed. To show the potential use as template to direct the assembly of anisotropic nanoparticles arrays, a proof of concept work was conducted by anchoring streptavidin nanoparticles on the "windmill" template to form a chiral array. Significantly, these nanopatterns have the sizes of hundreds of nanometers, which are in principle also suitable for big noble metal nanoparticles arrays.     

Complex shapes self-assembled from single-stranded DNA tiles

Programmed self-assembly of strands of nucleic acid has proved highly effective for creating a wide range of structures with desired shapes. A particularly successful implementation is DNA origami, in which a long scaffold strand is folded by hundreds of short auxiliary strands into a complex shape. Modular strategies are in principle simpler and more versatile and have been used to assemble DNA or RNA tiles into periodic and algorithmic two-dimensional lattices, extended ribbons and tubes, three-dimensional crystals, polyhedra and simple finite two-dimensional shapes. But creating finite yet complex shapes from a large number of uniquely addressable tiles remains challenging. Here we solve this problem with the simplest tile form, a 'single-stranded tile' (SST) that consists of a 42-base strand of DNA composed entirely of concatenated sticky ends and that binds to four local neighbours during self-assembly. Although ribbons and tubes with controlled circumferences have been created using the SST approach, we extend it to assemble complex two-dimensional shapes and tubes from hundreds (in some cases more than one thousand) distinct tiles. Our main design feature is a self-assembled rectangle that serves as a molecular canvas, with each of its constituent SST strands--folded into a 3 nm-by-7 nm tile and attached to four neighbouring tiles--acting as a pixel. A desired shape, drawn on the canvas, is then produced by one-pot annealing of all those strands that correspond to pixels covered by the target shape; the remaining strands are excluded. We implement the strategy with a master strand collection that corresponds to a 310-pixel canvas, and then use appropriate strand subsets to construct 107 distinct and complex two-dimensional shapes, thereby establishing SST assembly as a simple, modular and robust framework for constructing nanostructures with prescribed shapes from short synthetic DNA strands.     

3D DNA origami designed with caDNAno

For about three decades, DNA-based nanotechnology has been undergoing development as an assembly method for nanostructured materials. The DNA origami method pioneered by Rothemund paved the way for the formation of 3D structures using DNA self assembly. The origami approach uses a long scaffold strand as the input for the self assembly of a few hundred staple strands into desired shapes. Herein, we present a 3D origami "roller" (75 nm in length) designed using caDNAno software. This has the potential to be used as a template to assemble nanoparticles into different pre-defined shapes. The "roller" was characterized with agarose gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).     

Folding DNA to create nanoscale shapes and patterns

'Bottom-up fabrication', which exploits the intrinsic properties of atoms and molecules to direct their self-organization, is widely used to make relatively simple nanostructures. A key goal for this approach is to create nanostructures of high complexity, matching that routinely achieved by 'top-down' methods. The self-assembly of DNA molecules provides an attractive route towards this goal. Here I describe a simple method for folding long, single-stranded DNA molecules into arbitrary two-dimensional shapes. The design for a desired shape is made by raster-filling the shape with a 7-kilobase single-stranded scaffold and by choosing over 200 short oligonucleotide 'staple strands' to hold the scaffold in place. Once synthesized and mixed, the staple and scaffold strands self-assemble in a single step. The resulting DNA structures are roughly 100 nm in diameter and approximate desired shapes such as squares, disks and five-pointed stars with a spatial resolution of 6 nm. Because each oligonucleotide can serve as a 6-nm pixel, the structures can be programmed to bear complex patterns such as words and images on their surfaces. Finally, individual DNA structures can be programmed to form larger assemblies, including extended periodic lattices and a hexamer of triangles (which constitutes a 30-megadalton molecular complex).     

折纸机构折叠过程不共点折痕的位置分析

针对多顶点折纸中不共点折痕这一种典型折痕分布在折叠过程中空间位置的复杂变化,以及对 折纸机构刚性折叠特性所产生的影响,提出了一种通过分解折痕运动确定折痕空间位置并判断折纸机构刚 性折叠特性的方法。 该方法首先通过构造原折痕的平行折痕把各不共点折痕汇交于同一顶点,根据共点折 痕的旋转运动确定平行折痕位置变化;然后根据中心多边形确定旋转后平行折痕的平移方向和距离;最后确 定不共点折痕变换后的空间位置,并根据折叠平面的变形确定折纸机构的刚性折叠特性。 通过具体参数对 三顶点折纸折痕空间位置变化进行验证分析,结果表明:这种分析方法不仅简化了多顶点折纸中不共点折痕 位置的计算过程,也为确定折纸机构不可折叠时折叠平面的变形形式做了铺垫。     

多顶点三角形刚性折纸自由度分析

针对多顶点折纸机构自由度分析困难问题,提出了在多顶点折纸机构的自由度分析中,利用邻接矩阵分析刚性折纸自由度的方法;用邻接矩阵表示顶点之间的连接关系,通过引入消元矩阵,用矩阵乘法描述了确定运动状态的过程;通过计算顶点对应的行元素之和来确定约束的个数,避免了交叉折痕顶点自由度的计算误差;以分析单顶点4折痕折纸图案自由度为基础,拓扑到分析多顶点三角形刚性折纸图案自由度;最后,通过软件仿真验算刚性折纸图案自由度计算结果的正确性。     

组合广义Ball曲线的G~2Beta约束

文章根据Beta约束和几何连续性的概念,推导出了组合n次广义Ball曲线G2连续的Beta约束条件,并给出了详细的构造过程.所构造的曲线段与已知曲线在公共点是G2连续的,且能通过调整形状参数来局部调节曲线段的形状.给出的数值实例表明,构造过程简便灵活,可以满足不同的设计要求.     

不同pH环境下二价离子对聚电解质链的影响

基于郎之万动力学方法,研究了不同pH环境下二价反离子对半柔性聚电解质链构象变化的影响。聚电解质用粗粒度的珠簧模型表示,在pH-pK>0时,回转半径几乎不变,随着pH-pK值的降低,聚电解质链的回转半径减小并且逐渐发生了缩合。在实验中,通过改变Mg2+介导下DNA溶液的pH环境,对DNA进行了原子力显微镜扫描成像,发现DNA在中性和弱酸性环境中保持自由松散状态,当pH降低到4以下,即酸性变强时DNA逐步缩合成球状并达到稳定,这一结果与模拟结果一致。     

一类C~1保形三次Spline插值函数的充要条件及其构造方法

给出了C1[a,b]保形三次Spline插值函数的充要条件,采取控制导数的调节参数使角点横坐标满足一定限制条件,建立一类C1连续保形三次样条插值函数的构造方法.     

纳秒激光加工生成硅量子点的发光性质研究

该文报道氧气、氮气或空气等不同氛围中用纳秒脉冲激光在硅基上加工生成量子点结构,发现这些样品在700 nm波长附近均有增强的光致发光(Photoluminescence,PL),且各样品的PL峰很相似;经适当退火处理后,在某些样品上观察到随机受激发光.通过第一性原理计算,发现各种量子点结构表面的成键类型与密度是形成PL发光增强的关键,并由此提出相应的物理模型.     

一类非自治捕食系统的动力学行为

研究了一类非自治捕食系统的动力学行为。利用比较原理和构造适当的Lyapunov函数的方法得到了保证此系统持久性和全局渐近稳定性的充分条件,通过Brouwer不动点定理和伴随系统作Lyapunov函数的方法得到了正周期解和正概周期解的存在性和惟一性。推广了已有的结果。     

自适应模糊神经网络构建方法

模糊极大极小神经网络的结构与超盒形状系数有关,该神经网络的性能取决于超盒形状系数的选择.在构建该神经网络时,最优超盒形状系数的确定比较困难,故提出了一种自适应的模糊极大极小神经网络构建方法,取消了超盒形状系数对扩张过程的限制,以是否包含其他类样本为超盒扩张条件.实验结果表明,使用这种模糊神经网络方法生成的神经网络结构更简单,对模式分类的效果更好.     

保形分段三次插值样条曲线

描述了构造保插值曲线的一个新方法，即在每两个型值点之间构造一段三次以Bezier曲线，所构造的插值曲线是局部的、保形的和GC^2连续的。     

A NEW CONSTRUCTION FOR ALMOST RESOLVABLE TWO-FOLD PMD_S

In this pa per,a neui method of constructing almost resolvable two-fold PMDs is given by using finite, fields and elementary Abelian groups. And some new results are also mentioned     

O-硬脂酰化壳聚糖作为DNA的递送载体材料

以邻苯二甲酰基预先保护壳聚糖分子中-NH_2,以硬脂酰氯进行可控酯化,制备O-硬脂酰化壳聚糖.通过超声振荡与溶剂结合制备O-硬脂酰化壳聚糖/λDNA复合物,采用动态激光散射及原子力显微镜分析复合物的粒径分布及形态.凝胶电泳考察该载体与λDNA的结合能力.L929细胞培养对O-硬脂酰化壳聚糖进行细胞毒性评估.FT-IR和~1H NMR结果表明,可以成功制备不同酯化度的O-硬脂酰壳聚糖;O-硬脂酰化壳聚糖与λDNA结合可形成不规则球形复合物,平均粒径可达到86 nm,并且对DNase显示高稳定性.同时O-硬脂酰化壳聚糖具有促L929细胞增殖能力,安全性较高,可作为一种新型的非病毒型基因载体.     

A novel three primers PCR (TP-PCR) method to obtain recombinant DNA molecule independent of restriction enzyme

In this note, we report a novel and efficient three primers PCR (TP-PCR) method to rapidly generate recombinant DNA molecule at precise junction between two arbitrary DNA fragments. TP-PCR method is characterized by its reaction system with two templates and three primers, which can produce a recombinant DNA molecule in one PCR reaction. The main advantages of this method are the independence of sequences at the recombination site, the rapidness, and the easy establishment of adequate conditions. This method has been successfully applied to constructing a fusion protein gene, sck gene.     

光生物素标记DNA荧光法微孔板DNA杂交测定类单胞菌DNA-DNA相关性的研究

应用光生物素标记DNA荧光法微孔板DNA杂交测定类单胞菌的分离菌株和参考菌株DNA-DNA相关性.热变性DNA固化在96孔微孔板,光生物素标记DNA与固化DNA杂交,测定酶链霉抗生物素偶联β-D-半乳糖苷酶(Strept-avidin-conjugated β-D-galctosidase)作用于敏感荧光底物4-甲基荧光素-β-D-半乳糖苷(4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactoside).在波长365nm激发450nm发射,荧光分析仪测定杂交的荧光强度.根据荧光强度,计算分离菌株和参考菌株DNA-DNA相关性.试验结果表明:光生物素标记ONA荧光法微孔板DNA杂交是更敏感的方法,与光生物标记DNA硝酸纤维膜比色法点杂交、DNA动力学测定DNA同源性,数值分类法的结果基本相符.     

具有阶段结构的Holling-Tanner捕食系统的持久性与概周期解

本文研究一类具有阶段结构的非自治Holling-Tanner系统,考虑了食饵种群具有年龄阶段结构,得到了系统一致持久生存和最终绝灭的充分条件,通过构造适当的Lyapunov函数,得到了概周期解的存在唯一性的充分条件,最后通过数值模拟来验证系统的一致持久生存。     

存在不可构表面的可构视图的构型设计方法

为提高组合体构型设计的速度及准确性，对具有不可构表面的可构视图的构型设计方法进行了研究，并归纳出三条构型设计原则：①按已知视图的外轮廓，构造出最大点群域；②在最大点群域中先构造出不可构表面；③在含有同面点集的封闭图框范围内构造出空间型体．最后通过实例，验证了这三条构型设计原则。     

溶胶—凝胶法制备Nd掺杂纳米TiO_2

采用溶胶—凝胶法制备稀土元素Nd掺杂纳米TiO2及纯纳米TiO2粉体试样.TEM分析表明,制备的Nd掺杂纳米TiO2与纯纳米TiO2的粒子大部分呈球形,纯纳米TiO2粒径在12 nm左右,掺杂纳米Nd5%-TiO2粒径在8 nm左右,均达到了纳米级别.