兴安柴胡化学成份研究Ⅲ

本文报道在兴安柴胡中分得10种化合物,经光谱分析和化学方法鉴定为柴胡皂甙 a(Ⅰ)、柴胡皂甙 b_2(Ⅱ),α一菠甾醇-3-0-β-D-葡萄糖甙(Ⅲ)单棕榈酸甘油酯(Ⅳ)、单亚油酸甘油酯(Ⅴ)、二亚油酸甘油酯(1,3)(Ⅵ),二亚油酸甘油酯(1,2)(Ⅶ),α-菠甾醇(Ⅶ),β-谷甾醇(Ⅸ).α-D-葡萄糖(X).     

土贝母正丁醇部位化学成分研究

采用薄层色谱,正相、反相硅胶,葡聚糖凝胶,半制备高效液相柱对土贝母正丁醇部位进行了分离研究.分离得到10个化合物,分别为:6-C-葡萄糖-5,7,3′,4′-四羟基黄酮(1),胡萝卜苷(2),胡萝卜苷棕榈酸酯(3),豆甾醇(4),β-谷甾醇(5),β-谷甾醇棕榈酸酯(6),正丁基-β-D-吡喃果糖苷(7),大黄素(8),大黄素甲醚(9),麦芽酚(10).除化合物(8)外,其余化合物都是首次从该植物中分离得到.     

2步酯化法制备棕榈酸甲酯

以棕榈酸和甲醇为原料,浓H2SO4为催化剂,采用2步酯化法制备棕榈酸甲酯.第1步反应的最佳条件为:温度为(65±2)℃,催化剂用量为棕榈酸质量的0.5%,甲醇用量为棕榈酸质量的80%,反应时间60 min,酯化率90.06%;第2步反应的最佳条件为:反应温度为(100±5)℃,甲醇流速为1.0 mL/min,反应时间为60 min,棕榈酸甲酯的酯化率为99.26%.     

超细固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2催化合成棕榈酸乙酯

制备了超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2,采用XRD、SEM、IR对该催化剂进行表征.以超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2为催化剂,棕榈酸与乙醇为原料合成棕榈酸乙酯.探讨了不同催化剂类型、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对转化率的影响.结果表明,与普通固体酸相比,超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2对于棕榈酸乙酯的合成具有较好的催化性能.较适宜的反应条件为n(棕榈酸):n(乙醇)=4:1,催化剂用量0.8 g,反应3 h.在此条件下,棕榈酸的收率可达70.3%.     

超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2催化合成棕榈酸乙酯

制备了超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2,采用XRD、SEM、IR对该催化剂进行表征.以超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2为催化剂,棕榈酸与乙醇为原料合成棕榈酸乙酯.探讨了不同催化剂类型、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对转化率的影响.结果表明,与普通固体酸相比,超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2对于棕榈酸乙酯的合成具有较好的催化性能.较适宜的反应条件为n(棕榈酸):n(乙醇)=4:1,催化剂用量0.8 g,反应3 h.在此条件下,棕榈酸的收率可达70.3%.     

Structure of PSI-rings

An associative ring R is called a PSI-ring, if finitely generated proper subrings are isomorphic among themselves. In this paper, we give the structure of PSI—rings: Theorem A PSI—ring A is isomorphic to one of the following types:(1) (p~2)/(p~4); (2)(p)/(p~3); (3)Zp~2, (4) (A,+)■(Q,+)and A~2=0; (5)(p)/(p~2); (6)(p)/(p~2)■(p)/(p~2); (8) An extension field of degree q over Zp, (q is either a prime number or 1); (9) Zp(?)Zp.     

麝香草中配糖物的分离及消除甲基硫醇活性

从麝香草的甲醇萃取物中分离出三个配糖物,用~1H—NMR,~(13)C-NMR核磁共振光谱确定了它们的结构为(-)-angelicoidenol-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),熊果苷(Arbutin)(3)和圣草枸橼酸苷(Eriocitrin)(4a)．比较了它们的消除甲基硫醇能力,对甲基硫醇消除能力大小顺序为圣草枸橼酸苷＞叶绿酸铜钠(Sodium copper chiorophyllin)＞圣草酚(Eriodictyol)＞熊果苷．化合物(R)-对伞花-9-基-卢-D-葡糖苷[(R)p-cymin-9-yl-β-D-glucopyranoside](1)和(2)完全没有消除甲基硫醇臭气能力．     

长柱金花茶化学成分研究

【目的】研究长柱金花茶(Camellia nitidissimavar.longistyla)叶中的化学成分。【方法】利用硅胶吸附色谱法、薄层色谱法、高效液相制备色谱法、重结晶法等技术对样品进行分离和纯化,通过~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR、MS等波谱方法对化合物进行结构鉴定。【结果】鉴定出8个化合物的结构,分别为豆甾醇(stigmasterol)(1)、stigmast-7-en-3-ol(2)、落新妇苷(3)、5,7-二羟基色原酮-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(eucryphin)(4)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(5)、槲皮素-3-O-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、棕榈酸(7)、3β-acetoxy-6a,13β-dihydroxyolean-7-one(8)。【结论】除豆甾醇(stigmasterol)外,其余7个化合物均为首次从该品种植物中分离出来。     

三楞草化学成分研究

目的:对药用植物三楞草化学成分进行研究,以期寻找活性成分。方法:运用硅胶,ODS柱分离三楞草地上部分提取物,利用NMR技术和质谱鉴定化合物结构。结果:从三楞草提取物中分离得到20个化合物,分别是豆甾醇(1)、β-谷甾醇(2)、7α-羟基谷甾醇(3)、齐墩果酸(4)、乌索酸(5)、胡萝卜苷(6)、胡萝卜苷亚油酸酯(7)、β-谷甾醇棕榈酸酯(8)、异荭草苷(9)、芒柄花素(10)、4′,6-二甲氧基-7-羟基异黄酮(11)、油酸(12)、十六烷(13)、棕榈酸(14)、二十七烷醇(15)、二十二烷酸(16)、亚油酸(17)、α-亚麻酸(18)、D-2-O-甲基肌醇(19)和D-松醇(20)。结论:化合物1~20均首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

脂肪酸多元醇单酯消泡性的研究

用月桂酸、豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸分别与1，2—丙二醇、1，3—丙二醇、乙二醇、丙三醇进行反应，制成单酯，研究其消泡性、抑泡性与分子结构的关系。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.