Ru/ZrO2催化剂催化氨硼烷水解产氢研究

采用浸渍-化学还原法制备了Ru/ZrO_2催化剂,并考察了钌负载量、硼氢化钠的用量、还原温度以及反应条件对催化剂Ru/ZrO_2催化BH_3NH_3水解产氢的影响。结果表明,在钌的负载量为0.4%,钌与还原剂硼氢化钠的物质的量比为1∶1.6,还原温度为303 K时,Ru微晶尺寸为3.2 nm, Ru/ZrO_2催化剂催化BH_3NH_3水解产氢的转化频率TOF(turn over frequency)为38.4 mol/mol(Ru)·min。搅拌转速为450 r/min时,外扩散限制消除,产氢速率最大;产氢速率与催化剂用量成正比,氨硼烷水解产氢反应由催化剂界面反应控制;随着反应温度的升高,氨硼烷产氢速率系数增大,副产物偏硼酸钠越易从催化剂表面脱附,产氢速率越大。反应动力学计算表明Ru/ZrO_2催化剂催化BH_3NH_3水解产氢速率与氨硼烷浓度无关,活化能为66 kJ/mol。     

3种表面分散剂对 Ru/AC氨合成催化剂的活性和耐热性的影响

采用T-80、OP-10、PEG-400 3种不同的表面分散剂处理Ru/AC氨合成催化剂的RuCl3浸渍液,研究了表面分散剂对钌催化剂活性、分散度及耐热性的影响.结果表明,用这3种表面分散剂处理RuCl3浸渍液都能有效提高钌催化剂的钌金属分散度、催化活性和耐热性.当表面分散剂的用量均为1‰时,上述3种表面分散剂对催化剂的钌分散度和催化活性的影响顺序为T-80>PEG-400>OP-10.用T-80表面分散剂处理RuCl3浸渍液时,T-80最佳用量为1‰,用量过高或过低都不利于钌金属的分散和催化剂催化活性的提高.     

氧改性活性炭负载Ru催化剂对乙炔氢氯化反应的影响

催化剂的活性和载体性质关系很大,活性炭是一种最常见的催化剂载体。本文选取椰壳活性炭作为催化剂载体,经煅烧之后进行了氧化处理改性研究,实验考察了改性载体负载钌基活性组分在乙炔氢氯化反应中的应用,并利用比表面积测试法、拉曼光谱分析、化学吸脱附分析、X射线光电子能谱测试和热重分析等对其结构和表面形貌进行了表征。实验结果表明:不同温度煅烧处理对载体的氧含量和表面含氧官能团密切相关,改性后载体表面富含酸酐和羰基基团,制备的钌基催化剂,主要活性组分为Ru O2和Ru Ox,能减少催化剂表面的积碳含量;改性后最好的催化剂为Ru/C800-A5,在反应温度为180℃,乙炔空速为150 h-1时,乙炔初始转化率可以达到97%。上述实验方法与结果说明:这种对载体先煅烧后氧化的改性方法操作简单,容易实施;Ru/C800-A5是一种绿色、高效、价格低廉的催化剂,同时具有很好的工业化应用前景。     

脱氯和氢解温度对钌催化剂氨合成催化活性的影响

以RuCl3·3H2O为钌活性前体,高温热处理活性炭为载体制备钌催化剂.利用CO化学吸附表征手段,考察RuCl3活性前体的脱氯温度及各类助剂的氢解活化温度对活性金属钌分散状况的影响,并在一定温度压力条件下进行氨合成活性评价.结果表明,基于此载体的钌催化剂脱氯温度对金属分散度的影响不大,但对活性的影响却是显著的.影响活性的真正原因可能是氯离子的去除程度,碱金属促进的钌催化剂受金属分散度的影响比Ba-Ru TC更明显;各助剂对氢解温度的选择性缘于助剂的作用状态与抗热性,可从分散度的变化得到证明.     

有机溶胶法制备Pt/C催化剂的影响因素研究

有机溶胶法制备高分散的Pt/C催化剂是目前制备活性组分高度分散的燃料电池催化剂的一种新方法,本文考察了在有机溶胶法制备催化剂的过程中,碳载体的预处理以及制备条件对催化剂性能的影响,实验结果表明：在适当的温度下对碳载体进行热处理可以显著改善活性组分的分散和提高催化剂的性能;在惰性气氛中还原制得的催化剂的性能明显优于在空气气氛中还原制得的催化剂,较低温度有利于获得活性组分颗粒度较小的催化剂,起始PH值大于10时制得的催化剂的活性明显高于PH小于10时制得的催化剂。采用优化条件制备的Pt/C催化剂对甲醇氧化的电化学性能和抗中毒性能显著优于E-TEK Pt/C催化剂。     

苯加氢制环己烯的Ru-Fe/ZrO2的制备及其性能

采用沉淀法制备了Ru-Fe/ZrO2催化剂,考察了Fe/Ru、Ru的不同负载量和沉淀温度等因素对催化剂性能的影响,并对催化剂的循环使用情况进行了研究。对催化剂进行性能测试,在苯的转化率为34.70%时,环己烯选择性可达77.52%。XRD表征显示催化剂为晶体特征,活性组分在载体表面高度分散。     

Ru/MgO 基合成氨催化剂

氧化镁为载体的钌基氨合成催化剂具有潜在的工业应用前景,已引起了人们极大的关注.制备了5种钌基催化剂Ru/MgO、Ru/γ-Al2O3、K-Ru/MgO、Ba-Ru/MgO和K-Ba-Ru/MgO,在V(N2)∶V(H2)=1∶3, 2.0 MPa,24 000 h-1和653～873 K反应条件下,评价了它们的合成氨催化活性,并对相关催化剂进行了BET和XRD表征.结果表明:Ru/MgO的最高活性约为Ru/γ-Al2O3的2倍,且最高活性反应温度还低了20 K;Ba组份的添加有利于降低Ru/MgO基催化剂的最高活性温度;K-Ba-Ru/MgO在653 K、Ba-Ru/MgO在773 K、K-Ru/MgO和Ru/MgO在813 K以上使用时,将更有利于催化活性的发挥.因此,对于Ru/MgO基催化剂而言,促进剂的添加应根据拟采用的操作温度来决定.     

Ag/Al2O3选择性还原整体式催化剂的制备

为使Ag/ Al2O3催化剂在处理稀燃机动车尾气中NOX实用化,以堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体,以活性 Al2O3为涂层,以Ag作为活性组分,制备了Ag/ Al2O3整体式催化剂,考察了整体式Ag/ Al2O3催化剂制备过程中氧化铝涂层的形成以及Ag活性组分负载过程中干燥方式和焙烧气氛条件对催化剂还原反应活性的影响.实验结果表明,通过微波干燥方式明显提高了Ag在 Al2O3表面的分散性,有助于提高催化剂的NOX还原反应活性;焙烧气氛对催化剂的活性没有明显影响.氧化铝涂层负载量的增加有利于增加单位体积载体上的Ag活性位数量,从而使反应温度窗口得到扩展, NOX转化率得到提高.     

有机助剂对葡萄糖加氢反应中RU/C催化剂的影响

考察了Ru/C催化剂制备过程中加入有机助剂对葡萄糖加氢反应活性、制备重现性和使用稳定性的影响.利用分光光度法考察了RuCl3在活性炭上的吸附量和吸附强度,并通过程序升温还原(TPR)技术,考察Ru/C催化剂的表面还原性质,探讨了Ru/C催化剂表面性能与催化剂活性的关联规律.结果表明,加入有机助剂不仅能增加Ru的吸附量和吸附强度,改善催化剂的表面性能,并明显提高了催化剂的活性、稳定性和制备重现性.     

负载Ru的金属基体整体式阳极Al_2O_3催化剂上煤油的水蒸气重整反应

使用板式金属基体整体式阳极Al_2O_3催化剂载体γ-Al_2O_3/Fe-Cr-Ni合金/γ-Al_2O_3(MPAA),通过溶液浸渍法制备一系列负载Ru的催化剂,研究催化剂在煤油水蒸气重整(SRK)反应中的性能。结果表明:与Ru浸渍负载后500℃空气中焙烧的多孔阳极Al_2O_3载体的催化剂Ru/MPAA-C相比,120℃烘干的催化剂Ru/MPAA-D显示了更高的Ru分散度和更好的催化剂活性及耐久性;高温N_2预处理可以完全分解Ru/MPAA-D催化剂上的前驱体; H_2预还原不是Ru/MPAA-D上煤油水蒸气重整反应的必要步骤;Ce的添加明显改善了煤油水蒸气重整反应中催化剂的抗积炭性能,从而提高了催化剂SRK耐久性。在高液时空速(40 mL/(g·h))下,添加1.25%Ce的Ru/1.25Ce/MPAA-D催化剂表现出了优于商业催化剂的耐久性,显示了其产业化的可能性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.