汽车齿轮钢棒材连轧过程温度有限元模拟

采用有限元方法对汽车用钢５０Ｃｒ４Ｖ棒材连轧过程温度场进行了解析，解出了轧件横断面温度场并绘制轧过程中轧件温度变化曲线，可以看出变形区热传导作用对轧件表面温度有较大影响，现场实测表明，计算结果与实测值吻合良好。     

H型钢万能轧制过程中金属流动的有限元分析

采用显示动力学有限元软件LS-DYNA,结合生产实际,对H型钢万能轧制进行了仿真计算.在仿真结果的基础上,根据轧制平面内的节点位移矢量分布情况,分析了轧件断面内金属流动规律.仿真结果显示轧件断面内在立辊和平辊压下方向上存在"零位移线",说明在H型钢万能轧制过程中,在立辊和平辊压下方向上轧件内金属流动存在"位移中性面",并伴有翼缘端部金属流动产生"内翻"的情况.     

热轧金属横向流动规律及其对板形的影响

采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立热轧金属弹塑性变形模型研究金属横向流动,为了降低模型计算成本,在模型中引入平稳轧制过程中轧件几何模型端面纵向位移沿横向均布的假设.利用此模型仿真研究轧制过程中多个因素对于金属横向流动的影响规律以及相应金属横向流动对轧件板形造成的影响.研究结果表明,接触界面摩擦状态的改变对金属横向流动的影响可以忽略;宽带钢热连轧生产中,在比例凸度不变的情况下,宽度的变化和平均前、后张应力介于实际生产范围内的波动不会引起金属横向流动的变化以及进一步的轧件板形变化;金属横向流动随压下率变化,且使得压下率增加时轧件对称板形向中浪趋势发展;金属横向流动随对称及非对称板廓相似度变化,且金属横向流动的变化显著削弱板廓相似度的改变对轧件板形的影响.为了满足生产现场的在线控制,根据多组有限元模型计算结果建立快速金属横向流动非线性回归模型,为轧件板形的准确调控奠定基础.     

小断面收缩率楔横轧件的变形规律

对楔横轧轴类零件的成形过程进行有限元数值模拟与轧制实验。从断面收缩率角度研究了轧件的金属变形特点,发现小断面收缩率与常规断面收缩率的分界点在35%左右。对比分析了小断面收缩率与常规断面收缩率轧件的金属变形规律。结果显示：小断面收缩率轧件的主要变形发生在轧件外层附近,而常规断面收缩率轧件的主要变形是在轧件内部;小断面收缩率轧件比常规断面收缩率轧件存在更大的轴向拉伸不均匀变形,易导致轧件在横截面上呈现出椭圆化。     

多道次立-平辊轧制轧件角部金属流动状态有限元模拟

利用显式动力学有限元方法和几何模型更新方法对平立辊、内导角半径50 mm孔型辊8、0 mm孔型辊三种情况下,多道次立-平辊轧制过程进行了模拟,分析了三种立辊情况下,轧件角部金属的流动情况.得出在既定轧制规程下,采用平立辊时,轧件角部金属被翻边至轧件水平面上;采用孔型立辊时,轧件角部金属保留在轧件水平面与侧面的交线上.     

棒材切分轧制过程中三维弹塑性有限元模拟

采用三维弹塑性有限元法对棒钢三线切分轧制过程的金属变形区进行了模拟。通过建立数学模型和计算，对切分轧件的变形特征、应力与应变进行了分析，提出了预切孔金属流动变形的稳定性问题。如果预切孔内轧件的变形过大，切分楔附近的金属网格发生了很大的扭曲畸变，造成变形不均匀和金属的流动不稳定。根据模拟分析的结果，设计了直径为Φ12mm带肋钢筋的三线切分孔型系统，轧制生产实验结果表明：采用优化的新切分孔型系统进行生产，提高了轧机的生产率，改善了产品质量。     

高轧件表面应力分布

根据塑性理论中的塑性流理论,提出了由变形体表面变形分布情况计算表面上应力分布的方法。对高轧件在轧制变形时的表面应力分布进行了计算。计算结果表明,在高轧件侧表面的中间部分受有拉应力,但其数值并不超过金属的流动限。在轧件上下表面靠近角部的部分受有两向拉应力,其数值最大可达1.15σ_s。据此提出为改善钢坯表面质量减少缺陷,应着重研究改善铸锭质量,同时应力求缩短钢锭由出炉到初轧机之间的传送时间,以避免钢坯角部的新生裂纹。     

楔横轧凸轮轴金属流动规律的有限元分析

通过有限元仿真楔横轧凸轮轴时在轧件上取跟踪点,跟踪这些点的位置变化情况来揭示轧件内金属的详细流动规律. 因凸轮体小圆端部分在轧制过程中所受模具挤压较小,其金属轴向流动和径向流动较其他变形区小,这种金属流动的不均匀性会影响轧件成形质量;轧制过程中因凸轮体小圆端与模具上凸轮凹槽产生啮合作用,这一作用降低了模具对凸轮体小圆端部分的周向扭转力,因此凸轮体小圆端部分的周向扭转相对较小. 轧件凸轮体部分为非圆截面,此部分各向金属流动不均匀,造成凸轮体部分心部金属偏移量比其他部分大.     

轧制问题的有限单元法解

本文在平面应变条件下,假设轧件为应变硬化的刚塑性体,轧辊为不变形的刚体,轧辊与轧件之间的接触摩擦条件为粘着,即轧辊与轧件之间无相对滑动。用刚塑性有限单元法计算了平板轧制过程的单位压力,金属流动速度和应变、应力分布等,并对接触弧长、刚塑性交界面、前滑系数和中性角等的确定提出新的看法。 有限单元法计算程序是以刚塑性广义变分原理为基础,采用八节点曲边四边形等参单元。根据在四辊轧机上轧制铝板的实测数据,对计算结果进行验证。     

环形楔刀法切轧时轧制力计算的探讨

对环形楔刀法切轧时的轧制力计算进行探讨。根据力学和运动学理论，在分析轧件运动与受力的基础上，用近似法确定了轧件与轧辊在高度方向上的相对位置及一系列与轧制力计算有关的参数，并采用分区计算的思想，计算出各区的平均单位压力和接触面积，最终计算出总轧制力。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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