基于FZZY-AHP评估模型的地铁车站施工风险分析

在地铁施工风险分析中,对参与专家意见的权重引入动态赋权方法,利用群策判断矩阵的相似性和差异性对专家权重进行动态赋权.区别于常规的根据专家威望和职称进行赋权的方法,合理有效地降低了主观印象及专业局限对评价结果的影响,使专家的评价更加具有客观性和可靠性.以兰州某地铁车站为算例,采用以动态赋权为基础的专家经验法并结合模糊层次评估模型,对车站基坑施工过程中存在的风险因素及其风险概率和风险损失进行量化分析,并根据量化结果对各风险进行大小排序,最后由风险评估矩阵确定其风险等级.评估结果表明,该地铁基坑存在较大的工程风险,且周边环境的风险要比基坑本身的风险略高.     

地铁隧道施工过程中风险分析与控制

为降低地铁隧道施工过程中的风险,提出了地铁隧道施工过程中风险分析的框架,包括风险识别、分析和评估、风险应对以及风险防范措施等,采用风险矩阵评价准则对风险进行评价,避免了由于风险所发生的概率和风险造成的损失相乘所产生的释怀效应.以南京地铁二号线为例,具体分析了地铁隧道施工过程的风险因素,从成本和工期的角度对每一标段的风险进行了量化,根据量化的结果结合风险评价准则,提出了相应的风险应对措施.为以后的地铁隧道施工过程中的风险分析提供有益的借鉴和参考.     

隧道穿越煤系地层的施工风险

结合贵州省某高速隧道穿煤段的工程条件,对隧道穿越煤系地层的施工风险进行分析,确定隧道施工中潜在的风险事件.在此基础上,构建该隧道的风险评估指标体系,并采用层次分析法、专家调查法和模糊综合评价法对该隧道的施工风险进行计算分析,并提出相应的风险控制措施.     

基于贝叶斯网络的地铁项目施工风险管理研究

收集近年来我国施工安全风险事故发生的数据并进行整理,通过专家调查法确定出大连市地铁一期工程西安路站中存在的主要风险因素;根据各风险因素之间的因果关系,确定出相应的贝叶斯网络模型;该项目施工风险发生概率可以运用以贝叶斯网络为基础的正向因果推理技术进行预测,运用反向推理技术进行施工风险诊断.结果表明:该地铁项目施工安全风险发生概率为0.530,该数据表明地铁项目施工安全整体风险水平为中等等级.确定使大连市地铁一期工程处于危险状态的关键因素为:施工测量数据不准确、施工组织或施工方案不详细及操作过程连接不合理.     

北京地铁六号线盾构施工风险分析

结合北京地铁六号线青褡盾构区间的实际情况,研究盾构施工过程中的7个典型突出风险事件。基于现场巡视调查和地表沉降、盾构土压力的监测数据,从风险类别、施工过程中存在的问题和风险发生的原因等对区间地铁盾构施工安全风险进行分析;并提出相应的地铁盾构施工风险控制措施。     

基于云模型的地铁隧道顶管法施工风险评价

采用顶管法进行地铁隧道施工,可以有效减轻施工对城市环境、交通及设施的影响,降低噪音.顶管法施工导致地层土体应力状态改变及土体损失,可能引起隧道断面坍塌和地表沉降,施工风险较高.为预判地铁隧道顶管法施工风险,将施工风险划分为4个等级,建立考虑工程地质和施工因素的风险评价指标体系,运用正向云发生器和指标参数标准化,构建了地铁车站通道顶管施工风险评价模型.将该模型应用于长沙市轨道交通5号线火炬村站地下通道工程.结果表明：该工程综合评价云图中,云滴1/2位于中风险区,1/4位于高风险区,说明在施工过程中有着较高的地表沉降风险.地表沉降风险预警结果与施工现场实际情况基本一致,验证了该风险评价模型的有效性.     

下穿既有桥梁隧道施工风险定量评估方法

以城市隧道下穿建(构)筑物风险定量评估体系为研究对象,针对施工中存在随机和模糊不确定性问题,基于故障树、区间算法和模糊数学建立模糊故障树风险评价模型。首先在调查100多处城市隧道施工不当引起临近建(构)筑物安全事故的案例后,总结风险事故的影响因素和基本事件。其次,根据专家的经验和模拟试验确定基本事件的发生模糊概率,利用模糊区间算法计算顶事件的模糊发生概率和各影响因素的模糊重要度;采用模糊层次评价模型对临近桥梁损害风险发生的后果进行评估,根据顶事件的风险发生概率和风险后果程度确定风险等级。最后结合工程实例,验证该模型的准确性和有效性。研究结果表明:该方法提供了一套完整的下穿建(构)筑物城市隧道施工风险的定量评估体系,可为管理部门风险规避提供参考。     

隧道施工过程的三角模糊数与神经网络安全评估

为动态地对地铁隧道施工过程进行安全评估,针对地铁超浅埋暗挖段隧道,构建三角模糊数与神经网络相结合的地铁隧道施工过程安全评估模型.根据监测和数值仿真数据建立安全指标体系;划分地铁隧道施工过程评估等级,并将评估等级语言变量转换为三角模糊数;用混合遗传算法优化的BP神经网络,找出综合指标数据与评估等级的非线性映射关系.研究结果表明:大连地铁超浅埋段隧道施工过程处于安全等级;通过与既有方法比较分析,证明该评估方法与实际情况具有较强的贴近度.     

合肥地铁车站施工风险分析

为了解决合肥地铁车站施工中可能存在的安全隐患,确保地铁车站安全施工,通过分析比较,采用模糊层次分析法、定性分析法与综合评价法分别对合肥地铁车站施工进行风险识别、风险估计与风险评价.结果表明:合肥地铁车站施工时,应注意的风险主要有地质风险、环境风险和施工技术风险.地质风险主要是膨胀性土和地下水的影响,环境风险主要是临近的居民住宅小区的影响,施工技术风险主要是基坑支护不及时、排水措施不利的影响,对合肥地铁车站的施工具有一定的工程指导意义.     

基于HHM-RFRM的地铁隧道施工安全风险情景识别

现有的地铁隧道施工安全风险识别方法缺乏一定的系统性,在风险识别过程中缺少对多维风险情景的识别,因而具有一定的局限性.引入层次全息建模(hierarchical holographic modeling,HHM)方法和风险过滤、排序及管理(risk filtering,ranking and management,RFRM)框架,结合情景分析理论,构建地铁隧道施工安全风险情景识别的HHM方法,从多视角识别风险情景,应用RFRM框架对风险情景进行4次过滤并排序,筛选关键风险情景.对C市某地铁隧道项目进行案例分析,结果显示:该方法可以系统、完善地识别地铁隧道施工安全风险情景及关键风险因素,进而可为风险管理工作奠定一定的基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.