软土地基上储油罐的抗震设计

软土地基上储油罐的抗震分析由于翘离等因素的非线性影响，计算非常繁复，虽然经过一系列简化，仍须经过迭代运算，该文根据储油罐的工程特点及震害经验提出了一种简化计算方法以方便工程应用。     

快速拉格朗日元方法在井壁稳定中的应用

拉格朗日元方法是一种分析非线性大变形问题新的数值方法．软泥岩缩径问题往往牵涉到非线性大变形问题，以往这类问题多在小变形情况下进行研究．采用拉格朗日元方法，用弹塑性模型对井壁稳定问题进行了研究．结果表明，采用大变形模型所得的井壁径向位移明显小于小变形模型，采用大变形模型计算软泥岩井眼缩径有助于正确认识井眼缩径规律．     

大变形弹塑性梁的刚 柔耦合动力学特性

研究了大变形弹塑性梁的刚 柔耦合动力学特性.从弹塑性梁的非线性本构关系和非线性应变 位移关系出发,给出了曲率的精确表达式;基于绝对节点坐标法,用虚功原理建立了大变形弹塑性梁的动力学变分方程;用有限元法对梁进行离散,建立了大变形弹塑性梁的刚 柔耦合动力学方程.对重力作用下的柔性单摆进行数值仿真.结果表明,弹塑性梁的横向变形呈现平均值大和振幅衰减的特征,计算结果较基于小变形理论的一次近似模型稳定,适用于大变形问题.
     

大范围运动的柔性曲线梁动力学建模及仿真

针对航天器等领域中应用柔性曲梁的动力学问题，基于有限元方法，将连续的柔性曲线梁离散化为具有12个自由度的空间梁单元模型．为缩减系统的运动学变量数目，将柔性曲线梁的物理坐标转化为模态坐标．在此基础上，依据Kane方程建立了作大范围运动的柔性空间曲线梁非线性动力学模型．动力学数值仿真的结果表明。对小曲率柔性曲线梁，其横向变形比纵向变形大得多．     

路堤软土地基沉降有限元非线性分析

用Biot固结有限元法对路堤软基沉降作非线性有限元分析 ,计算中考虑了土体侧向变形、水平向渗流对沉降的影响 ;采用非线性本构模型 ,考虑了土体应力、应变关系的非线性特性 ;考虑了施工的逐级加载 .计算结果与实测吻合较好 .     

1989年“8·12”黄岛油库特大火灾

1989年8月12日9时55分,中国石油天然气总公司黄岛油库5号储油罐被雷电击中,致使罐内储存的1．6万吨原油燃烧,火焰高达数十米,形成3400余平方米的大火。5号罐东南37米处就是储油3000吨的4号罐,与其紧密相连的是各存万吨原油的1、2、3号罐。北面与5号罐毗邻的是青岛港油库,这里有大小储油罐15个,以及两个分别为5万吨和20万吨级的码头。     

作大范围运动功能梯度材料梁的动力学特性研究

采用假设模态法和有限元法两种离散方法描述柔性梁的变形场,对作大范围运动的中心刚体-功能梯度材料梁的动力学特征进行研究。假设功能梯度材料的物理参数为沿着梁厚度方向变化的幂函数,考虑梁的纵向拉伸变形和横向弯曲变形,同时计及横向弯曲变形引起的纵向缩短,即非线性耦合项,运用第二类Lagrange方程推导得到两种不同离散方法描述的具有统一形式的系统刚柔耦合动力学方程。通过与假设模态法的数值仿真结果对比,验证所建立有限元模型的正确性。通过大变形算例,说明基于小变形假设的假设模态法计算上的局限性。在此基础上讨论功能梯度指数对作大范围转动柔性梁动力学特性的影响。结果表明基于小变形假设的假设模态法并不能处理大变形问题;在功能梯度材料梁其他物理参数不变的条件下,梁的最大位移随着功能梯度指数N增大而增大;横向弯曲固有频率会随着转速的增加而变大;当转速一定时,固有频率会随着功能梯度指数N增大而减小。     

低渗变形介质油藏斜井试井及现场应用

基于非线性渗流模型,同时考虑压敏效应的影响,建立了考虑井筒储存和表皮系数的斜井试井模型,采用有限元法建立模型并求解,得到了低渗透油藏斜井试井曲线。结果表明:考虑压敏效应或低速非达西渗流后,压力及压力导数曲线晚期上翘,且低速非达西渗流对晚期曲线形态影响更强烈,导数曲线晚期径向流段特征不明显。应力敏感和非线性渗流会使斜井的阶段渗流特征变得不易区分。综合考虑两因素时的上翘相当于单独考虑两因素时引起的上翘效果叠加。随着无因次渗透率模量及无因次非线性系数增大,曲线晚期上翘程度加剧。与商业软件相比,本模型可以提供更加精确的参数解释结果,解决了海上低渗变形介质油藏参数解释困难的难题,弥补了商业软件的不足。     

软粘土地基非线性一维大变形固结的有限差分法分析

在几何非线性分析的基础上考虑软粘土的非线性本构关系，采用张量指标记号推导出物质描述的一维非线性大变形固结的控制方程，采用有限差分方法对非线性控制方程进行数值求解，编制了计算程序。数值计算结果表明：在相同的非线性本构关系前提下，软粘土地基的非线性大变形固结沉降始终小于非线性小变形固结沉降；且随着荷载水平的增大，大变形固结和小变形固结的沉降量的差别越来越大，几何非线性对软粘土地基沉降影响是不可忽略的。     

考虑非线性本构和小初始变形的单壁碳纳米管的Bernoulli-Euler梁模型

在有限变形条件下石墨烯的应力应变关系是非线性的,而且石墨烯卷曲形成的碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs)在应用时通常会产生小的初始变形.但是,在已有的碳纳米管力学性质的研究中还没有同时考虑这两种因数影响.基于石墨烯的非线性本构关系,建立了新的包含小初始变形的Bernoulli-Euler梁模型,然后应用该模型研究了单壁碳纳米管(single-walled carbon nanotubes,SWCNTs)的静态弯曲和一阶受迫振动.结果表明:在静力弯曲时,当初始变形与外荷载的方向一致时,初始变形增大了系统的刚度.当初始变形与外荷载的方向相反时,初始变形使碳纳米管的静力变形变得复杂.在受迫振动时,初始变形和本构中的非线性项都能改变振幅的分岔点的位置.初始变形可以使碳纳米管的力学性质由硬非线性变为软非线性.因此,非线性本构和初始变形均对碳纳米管力学行为有显著影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.