低渗透油藏双重介质试井

解决低渗透油藏双重介质试井解释问题。基于低速非线性渗流新模型,建立了考虑井筒储集效应与表皮系数的低渗透油藏双重介质试井解释模型,利用有限差分进行数值求解,绘制了无因次试井典型曲线,并对无因次非线性参数c1D和c2D进行了分析.结果表明:非线性渗流主要影响基质系统与裂缝系统的窜流阶段,表现为导数曲线的凹子深度变小.c1D和c2D是决定曲线形态的特征参数.当c1D与c2D的和不为常数时,c1D或c2D增大,凹子深度变小;当c1D与c2D的和为常数时,c1D增大即c2D减小,凹子深度变小.对于封闭边界和定压边界在试井曲线上的压力响应,新模型与达西模型一致.     

基于高速非达西渗流新模型的试井分析

基于高速非达西渗流新模型,建立了考虑井筒储存和表皮系数的均匀介质和双重介质试井模型,并采用有限差分求解。结果表明,无论是均匀介质还是双重介质,考虑高速非达西渗流后,压力曲线上移,压力导数曲线驼峰高度增加并后移,水平段出现的时间延迟。与Forchheimer 模型相比,新模型的上升幅度要小。Kmr 和τD 是决定曲线形态的重要参数,随着τD 增大和Kmr 减小,压力导数曲线驼峰高度增加幅度增大,压力曲线上移幅度增大。阐述了高速非达西渗流压力降落试井和压力恢复试井的不同,给出了高速非达西渗流压力恢复试井的一种简单解释方法。     

考虑应力敏感的稠油热采试井模型研究

基于稠油热采的物理过程,利用渗流力学基本原理,建立考虑应力敏感的稠油热采试井解释数学模型,通过Laplace变换和摄动变换法求解得到模型在拉氏空间的解析解,再利用Stehfest数值反演方法得到实空间的数值解,绘制无因次井底压力及压力导数与无因次时间的特征曲线,并进行影响因素分析。研究表明:该试井模型曲线可划分为5个流动阶段;考虑应力敏感影响时,内区与外区径向流阶段压力导数曲线都表现出不同程度的"上翘",外区径向流阶段压力导数曲线高于斜率为(1-n)/(3-n)的直线,应力敏感系数越大,偏离幅度越大;幂律指数越小,外区径向流阶段压力导数曲线"上翘"幅度越大。利用该模型可以分析储层的应力敏感特征,指导存在应力敏感效应的稠油热采试井资料的解释与研究。     

考虑二次梯度影响的渗流模型与试井样版曲线

从质量守恒原理出发,结合达西定律,考虑恒压缩系数的弹性多孔介质和单相微可压缩液体的等温渗流过程,推导出了考虑二次压力梯度影响的渗流方程。建立了考虑井储影响的无穷地层定产量生产试井模型,并通过变量代换,将渗流方程线性化,求得Laplace空间解析解,利用数值反演得到实空间的解,进而绘制了压力和压力导数双对数样版曲线。从物理渗流机理上对曲线形态特征进行了分析,得出了无因次二次压力梯度项系数α对渗流和试井曲线的影响结果。特别对低渗稠油油藏,二次压力梯度项的影响不应被忽略,所获得的结果可用于研究低渗油藏和稠油油藏的渗流规律和试井分析。     

分形油藏低速非达西渗流问题的组合数学模型

将非线性分形几何理论应用于渗流力学,建立分形油藏低速非达西渗流问题的组合模型。该模型由两个同心圆(圆中心为一口定产量的生产井)的分形油藏组成,内域为低速非达西渗流的分形油藏,外域为达西渗流的分形油藏。在内边界定流量和考虑井筒储存、表皮效应影响情况下,建立了分形油藏低速非达西渗流问题的有效井径组合数学模型,应用拉普拉斯变换方法求出了在两区域内压力分布的解析解,应用Stehfest数值反演方法求得井底的无因次压力,并分析了井底压力动态特征和参数影响。     

特低渗透油藏压力恢复试井分析理论

基于特低渗透油藏渗流新模型建立了考虑动边界影响的试井解释模型,并用数值方法求解,分析了压力降落和压力恢复试井曲线.研究表明:新模型的压力和压力导数曲线上翘,上翘幅度比拟启动压力梯度模型小.考虑动边界影响的试井曲线上翘幅度比不考虑时要小.c1D和c2D是决定曲线形态的特征参数.当c1D与c2D和不为常数时,随着clD或c2D增大,上翘幅度增大;当clD与c2D和为常数时,随着c1D增大,c2D减小,上翘幅度增大.压力降落和压力恢复试井曲线存在较大区别,应分别建立解释图版.     

存在有限导流断层的条带状油藏试井新模型

目前对断层封闭性的试井研究主要集中于封闭断层,用现有的试井解释模型对具有非封闭断层尤其是有限导流断层边界的油气藏试井资料进行解释所得到的结果往往并不理想。通过引入界面表皮的概念,建立了条带状油藏中存在有限导流断层的试井解释新模型,模型不仅考虑了流体通过断层面,还考虑了断层内部流体的流动,并利用Fourier余弦变换和Laplace变换等数学物理方法求得了井底压力表达式。绘制了模型的井底压力响应特征曲线,曲线共有7个流动阶段。分析表明,无因次导流能力F_CD值越大,曲线下凹程度越大;界面表皮S值越大,曲线上翘程度越大,当S值足够大时,表现为封闭断层的特征;无因次导压系数η_fD主要影响压力导数曲线下降的多少;流度比、厚度比、导压系数比主要影响压力导数曲线上升和下降。     

低渗透油藏不稳定渗流规律的研究

用无因次分析法对低渗透岩心的实验数据进行了分析 ,得出新的渗流规律。具体表述为 :低于亚临界雷诺数 (Rem=8.5× 10 -5)为非达西渗流 ,其运动方程为v =c(dp/dl) 3 ;高于亚临界雷诺数为达西渗流。从微观角度出发 ,应用边界层理论进一步证实了这一渗流规律。运用新的运动方程 ,建立了低渗透油藏不稳定渗流的数学模型。根据拉氏变换和Stehfest数值反演 ,求得了有限半径井的实空间近似解 ,并应用数值分析方法验证了近似解析方法的可行性。对低渗透油藏的压力动态特征以及边界对压力动态影响的分析结果表明 ,低渗透油层试井曲线的压力动态特征为 :短时曲线与达西渗流模型相似 ,而长时曲线则受到非达西渗流的影响。对于恒压边界油藏 ,压力趋于稳定的时间比达西渗流要迟一些 ;在无限大地层中 ,其导数曲线是一簇平行的倾斜线。对于同一区域低渗透油层试井曲线 ,其导数曲线出现“阶跃”的时间较迟的井区 ,流动系数比较好 ;反之则较差     

低渗透油藏不稳定渗流规律的研究

用无因次分析法对低渗透岩心的实验数据进行了分析,得出新的渗流规律.具体表述为低于亚临界雷诺数(Rem=8.5×10-5)为非达西渗流,其运动方程为v=c(dp/dl)3;高于亚临界雷诺数为达西渗流.从微观角度出发,应用边界层理论进一步证实了这一渗流规律.运用新的运动方程,建立了低渗透油藏不稳定渗流的数学模型.根据拉氏变换和Stehfest数值反演,求得了有限半径井的实空间近似解,并应用数值分析方法验证了近似解析方法的可行性.对低渗透油藏的压力动态特征以及边界对压力动态影响的分析结果表明,低渗透油层试井曲线的压力动态特征为短时曲线与达西渗流模型相似,而长时曲线则受到非达西渗流的影响.对于恒压边界油藏,压力趋于稳定的时间比达西渗流要迟一些;在无限大地层中,其导数曲线是一簇平行的倾斜线.对于同一区域低渗透油层试井曲线,其导数曲线出现"阶跃"的时间较迟的井区,流动系数比较好;反之则较差.     

特征点拟合法在非牛顿流试井解释中的应用

在分析幂律流体均质试井模型与幂律–牛顿流体复合试井模型影响因素的基础上,获得了复合驱非线性渗流两种试井模型理论特征点与试井解释参数的关系表达式,通过试井压力导数曲线的特征点坐标可以求取幂律指数、井筒储集系数、表皮系数、渗透率、探测半径、外边界距离等地层参数。两种试井模型的相关实例解释分析表明,非牛顿幂律流均质模型与非牛顿幂律–牛顿流两区复合模型的压力导数特征点求取地层参数的计算式是准确的,可用于聚合物驱等非牛顿渗流条件下的试井解释。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.