钎焊真空度对铜与铪钎焊接头组织及性能的影响

采用72Ag-28Cu钎料对铜与铪进行真空钎焊试验.钎焊温度为840 ℃,保温时间为15 min,真空度试验范围为5.0×10^-2～8.0 Pa.研究了钎焊真空度对铜与铪钎焊接头组织及性能的影响,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）观察钎焊接头的组织形貌,采用ZWICK-Z050电子万能材料试验机测试接头剪切强度.结果表明：随着钎焊真空度的升高,接头剪切强度呈先升高后降低的趋势;在钎焊温度为840 ℃、保温时间为15 min时,较佳的钎焊真空度为2.0×10^-1 Pa.     

高纯氧化铝与金属铌的活性钎焊

为了确定高纯氧化铝陶瓷与金属Nb的直接钎焊工艺参数,采用AgCuTi活性钎料,研究了钎焊温度和钎料中的钛含量对接头组成、界面反应以及接头剪切强度的影响。钎焊温度在825~900℃范围变化时,对接头强度的影响不明显,但温度超过900℃强度降低。钎料中钛的质量分数为1%和2%时,接头的强度基本相同;含量为3%时,剪切强度明显降低。当钛的质量分数为2%,钎焊温度为850℃,保温时间为20 min时,接头剪切强度接近100MPa。接头陶瓷一侧界面反应产物主要为Cu3Ti3O和Ti的氧化物,较高温度时反应层中生成的过多Ti2O可能是导致接头强度显著降低的一个重要因素。     

快速凝固Al-Cu-Si薄带钎料真空钎焊锻铝合金的研究

与普通Al Si钎料相比 ,三种快速凝固Al Cu Si薄带钎料真空钎焊锻铝合金LD2对比实验表明 :快速凝固Al Cu Si薄带钎料具有钎焊温度低 (5 70℃ ) ,间隙小 (0 .0 5～ 0 .10mm) ,时间短 (10～ 15min)以及更高的接头强度等特点 ,其钎焊接头的拉伸强度接近甚至超过母材的抗拉伸强度(12 5MPa) ;钎焊强度随钎料中w(Cu)的增加而降低 .实验结果表明 ,快速凝固Al Cu Si薄带钎料是一种性能更好的新型真空钎焊钎料 .     

Ni-rGO增强Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RE复合钎料钎焊接头显微组织与性能

采用粉末熔化法制备了镍粒子修饰的还原氧化石墨烯(Ni-rGO)增强Sn2. 5Ag0. 7Cu0. 1RE复合钎料,借助于扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射,研究了Ni-rGO增强Sn2. 5Ag 0. 7Cu 0. 1RE复合钎料钎焊接头的显微组织与性能。研究结果表明:Ni-rGO增强Sn2. 5Ag0. 7Cu0. 1RE复合钎料与Cu基板可实现良好焊接。在钎焊温度270℃、钎焊时间240 s时,复合钎料钎焊接头剪切强度为29. 7 MPa,高于Sn3. 0Ag0. 5Cu钎料钎焊接头。随着钎焊时间的增加,钎焊接头剪切断裂机制呈现由以韧窝为主的韧性断裂向韧窝和解理组成的韧-脆混合断裂转变,断裂途径由钎缝和界面金属间化合物(IMC)层组成的过渡区向界面IMC方向移动。复合钎料钎焊接头钎缝区由β-Sn和共晶组织组成,界面IMC层由Cu6Sn5和新相(Cu,Ni)6Sn5组成。Ni-rGO增强Sn2. 5Ag0. 7Cu0. 1RE复合钎料钎焊接头的IMC厚度、粗糙度增加,界面IMC显微组织由扇贝状转变为锯齿状。     

金属陶瓷与金属钎焊研究

本文研究了钎焊温度和保温时间对金属陶瓷和金属接头组织的影响,在合适的钎焊温度和保温时间下,选用不同厚度的Ni作缓冲层并对钎焊接头进行三点弯曲试验。结果表明,在钎焊温度1040℃,保温时间为15min,采用0.1mm厚度的Ni缓冲层时,钎料与母材、中间层结合较好,无焊接缺陷,强度有所提高。     

新型铜基涂药钎料研究

以铜基涂料H68、H62为基本钎料，以脱水硼砂为钎剂，采用电阻钎焊的方法，在研究了添加在钎剂中的Zn粉、Mn粉对钎焊接头性能的影响，得出采用该方法可以对钎缝进行合金化处理，提高钎焊接头性能结论的基础上，在钎剂中添加Zn、Mn和CeCl3粉末，对钎缝作正交试验研究，得出钎焊接头剪切强度最高时钎剂中添加Zn、Mn和CeCl3粉末的最佳配方。     

铝铜连接的感应钎焊工艺

为使钎焊技术进一步提高,采用Zn-Al钎料对Al与Cu进行了感应钎焊连接研究,利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射和室温压剪试验等分析手段对接头的微观组织和室温剪切强度进行实验。结果表明,利用Zn-Al钎料可以实现Al与Cu的连接;接头的界面结构为Al/Al基固溶体＋Al-Zn共晶组织＋CuAl2金属间化合物/（Cu,Zn）固溶体层/Cu;在电流为340 A、时间为9 s的钎焊条件下,接头的剪切强度在室温下达到128.5 MPa。     

Sn-Zn-Cu/Cu界面反应及剪切强度

为探讨Cu的加入对Sn-Zn钎料性能的影响,研究了Sn-Zn-xCu与Cu箔钎焊界面处金属间化合物(IM C)成分、形貌及剪切强度.试验结果表明,含0~1%Cu时,Sn-Zn-xCu钎料与Cu母材钎焊界面处IM C主要为层状Cu5Zn8相;在含2%~6%Cu时,为Cu6Sn5相和Cu5Zn8相共同组成;在含8%Cu时,为Cu6Sn5相.这是由于合金基体中生成的Cu-Zn化合物阻碍了Zn向Cu界面处扩散,进而使得界面处IM C由层状Cu5Zn8逐渐向扇贝状Cu6Sn5转变.另外,随着Sn-Zn钎料中Cu含量的增加,Sn-Zn-xCu/Cu接头剪切强度因界面IM C类型的变化以及钎料合金自身强度的提高而使得钎焊接头剪切强度明显提高.     

35CrMnSi纲与YG13C硬质合金钎焊强度的研究

本文通过对35CMnSi钢与YG13C硬质合金不同组合钎接接头的强度分析,找出了影响钎焊强度的原因,提高钎焊强度的途径,确定了在一定工艺条件下获得最佳钎焊接头的钎焊温度,钎剂成分和焊后冷却方式等工艺参数。     

钛-奥氏体不锈钢的辉光放电钎焊

本文介绍了采用辉光放电钎焊,用银基钎料(HL316,Ag-Cu-Ti)在低真空度下进行的钛和不锈钢异种金属的无钎剂、无镀层钎焊的研究成果。钛和不锈铜异种金属钎焊的主要困难在于两种金属钎焊温度的差异,热物理性质的差异以及钛的溶蚀问题。通过辉光放电离子轰击的净化作用,并充分发挥钛元素的活化作用以及采用合理的钎焊工艺,可以克服这些困难获得满意的钎焊接头。金相分析和剪切试验表明,接头结合牢固,组织性能良好。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to