杜仲皮中桃叶珊瑚甙的提取及纯化

研究了杜仲皮中桃叶珊瑚甙的提取及纯化工艺,并采用高效液相色谱法测定了桃叶珊瑚甙的含量;分别用8种大孔吸附树脂对提取液进行分离纯化处理,以不同体积分数的乙醇水溶液进行梯度洗脱;在C18反相色谱柱上,以21%甲醇水溶液为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,在波长210 nm处,用高效液相色谱法对杜仲提取液中桃叶珊瑚甙的含量进行了测定.研究结果表明: 杜仲皮中桃叶珊瑚甙的最佳提取条件是提取溶剂为72%(体积分数)乙醇水溶液,料液比为1:12, 在65 ℃提取2次,每次60 min, 桃叶珊瑚甙提取率达85%;S-8型树脂对桃叶珊瑚甙的选择性好,吸附量大,用60%乙醇水溶液可将其完全洗脱;经干性炮制后的杜仲皮中桃叶珊瑚甙含量最高可达2.87%.     

竹叶中黄酮提取纯化工艺研究

采用正交试验的方法对竹叶中黄酮的乙醇提取条件进行了系统研究,同时采用大孔吸附树脂吸附法对纯化条件进行了研究.结果表明:以30倍体积80%的乙醇水溶液在80℃水浴中浸提3 h为最佳,4种大孔吸附树脂中AB-8树脂为纯化的最适树脂.     

中药佩兰体外抗病毒有效部位筛选

目的:在细胞水平下,通过抗病毒实验,筛选佩兰最佳提取方法及敏感病毒株,并确定分离纯化效果最佳的大孔吸附树脂型号,为进一步分离非挥发油类抗病毒成分奠定基础.方法:先通过水提法、水提醇沉法、醇提法、醇提水沉法、乙酸乙酯提取法获得粗提物,在细胞水平下,由显微镜观察细胞病变效应(CPE),噻唑蓝(MTT)法染色,酶标仪测定吸光度值,通过比较治疗指数(TI),对肠道EV-71病毒、单纯疱疹Ⅰ型病毒、柯萨奇病毒B5、呼吸道合胞病毒进行体外抗病毒筛选;其次通过大孔吸附树脂分离法,以蒸馏水、体积分数为25%、50%、75%的乙醇作为洗脱剂冲洗树脂柱,筛选分离纯化效果最好的大孔吸附树脂.结果:经初步筛选,水提醇沉法中的沉淀对肠道EV-71病的抑制作用最强,TI为84.631;通过大孔吸附树脂法得,AB-8弱极性大孔吸附树脂对佩兰的分离纯化效果最好,其中体积分数为25%乙醇洗脱部位的T1值可达127.001.结论:体积分数为25%乙醇洗脱部位是佩兰抑制肠道EV-71病毒的最佳有效部位.     

大孔树脂纯化天麻多糖的工艺研究

本研究以炮制的干天麻为原料,水提醇沉法提取多糖,大孔吸附树脂纯化,比较了八种大孔树脂(AB-8、D101、LX-17、D301、NKA-9、S-8、LSD-001、ADS-7)对天麻多糖静态吸附-解析效果,筛选出最佳纯化树脂,再研究最佳树脂纯化天麻多糖工艺参数.结果为:八种大孔吸附树脂中D101对天麻多糖的纯化效果最好.样品液浓度、温度、上样速度,洗脱用乙醇浓度、洗脱流速及洗脱体积等因素均对D101树脂吸附分离天麻多糖有影响.所得的最佳纯化工艺为:20℃是较适宜的吸附温度,上样速度1BV/h,上样浓度4mg/mL,进行吸附;吸附饱和平衡后,用解析液浓度60%乙醇,解析速率2BV/h,解析液体积3BV进行动态洗脱.通过该工艺天麻多糖的纯度提高到了65.7%,表明了大孔树脂D101对天麻多糖具有较好的纯化效果.     

大孔树脂纯化复方中总苷类成分的吸附特征

研究D-101大孔树脂分离纯化金匮肾气丸中总苷类成分的工艺条件及参数.以马钱苷、芍药苷、总苷和总皂苷的质量分数为指标,比较四种大孔树脂对金匮肾气丸苷类成分的吸附性能,筛选出效果较好的D-101大孔树脂.通过对树脂的漏点质量浓度、吸附动力学曲线、药液pH值对树脂吸附的影响,以及对洗脱剂质量浓度、用量、pH值的考察,筛选出最佳的吸附洗脱工艺.D-101大孔树脂能有效地吸附和解吸金匮肾气丸中的苷类成分,最佳的吸附工艺参数苷类样品液质量浓度0.25 g/mL,药液的pH值6,吸附时间为8 h.以pH=8的70%乙醇为洗脱液,洗脱体积为30BV.树脂可重复利用2次.终产品中总苷的质量分数达43.87%,总皂苷的质量分数为4.93%.用大孔树脂对金匮肾气丸中总苷成分类进行纯化是可行的.     

X-5树脂吸附分离海边月见草叶总黄酮的影响因素

采用3种大孔吸附树脂对海边月见草叶总黄酮进行吸附纯化,筛选出适宜的树脂X-5,考察了原液质量浓度、pH值、温度、树脂用量等因素对该树脂静态吸附的影响,以及洗脱剂乙醇体积分数对静态解吸效果的影响.结果表明:X-5树脂对海边月见草叶总黄酮有良好的吸附纯化性能,当原液质量浓度为1.250m g.mL-1时,树脂达饱和吸附量12.08 m g.g-1(湿质量);在室温、振荡条件下,提取液pH值4.0~4.5时,树脂具有较好的吸附效果;而适宜的洗脱剂为体积分数50%~70%的乙醇溶液,70%乙醇的解吸率为71.27%.     

酱油渣中大豆异黄酮的动态逆流提取及分离纯化研究

以酱油渣干粉为原料,对大豆异黄酮提取条件和纯化方法进行研究.采用实验室模拟动态逆流提取酱油渣中异黄酮,并通过正交设计对提取条件进行了优化,确定了最佳提取条件为体积分数为80%乙醇、提取前的浸泡时间12 h、料液比1∶10,总异黄酮提取率可达0.35%,粗提物的纯度为2.01%.选取3种极性不同的大孔树脂填装制备柱,并利用中低压色谱对大豆异黄酮样品进行纯化.结果表明,NKA9大孔树脂对总大豆异黄酮的纯化效果最好,在体积分数为60%乙醇洗脱时,产品纯度可达到32%.该方法能在短时间内对大豆异黄酮样品进行大量的纯化,满足大豆异黄酮产品生产的需要.     

豆角皂苷的纯化工艺研究

以豆角为原料,采用超声辅助提取法,用D101型大孔吸附树脂对豆角皂苷粗提物进行纯化.纯化的最佳工艺条件为上样pH值为8,上样量为8倍树脂体积,吸附70 min,依次用蒸馏水、20％乙醇溶液、8倍树脂量的70％乙醇溶液进行洗脱,解析时间为60 min,收集70％乙醇的洗脱液,减压浓缩真空干燥后得到豆角皂苷纯品,质量分数可...     

大孔吸附树脂对柚皮甙的吸附分离

通过比较5种吸附树脂对柚皮甙的吸附能力,选择了对柚皮甙吸附能力较强,且容易洗脱的吸附树脂X-5,实现了柚皮甙的吸附分离.研究了提取液浓度、pH值、流速等因素对柚皮甙在该树脂上吸附的影响,同时考察了解吸时洗脱剂浓度、pH值、流速等因素对柚皮甙在吸附树脂上解吸的影响.研究结果表明:柚皮甙在X-5大孔吸附树脂的吸附行为可以用Langmuir方程进行描述;当提取液质量浓度为2.7 g/L时,树脂具有最大饱和吸附容量32.6 mg/g;pH值对其吸附影响较弱;当每小时通过的溶剂体积为树脂体积的2倍时,动态吸附时动态饱和吸附容量为23.8 mg/g;pH约为10、体积分数为60%的乙醇水溶液为最佳洗脱剂;当每小时通过的洗脱剂体积为树脂体积的1～2倍时,洗脱率可达85%以上.     

大孔吸附树脂纯化当归酚酸类成分的工艺研究

目的：选择适宜的大孔吸附树脂来纯化当归中酚酸类成分,并优选其相关参数。方法：采用HPLC法,测定阿魏酸的含量。结果：选择AB-8型大孔树脂作为当归酚酸类成分吸附纯化的树脂。结论：AB-8型大孔树脂对当归酚酸类成分吸附及洗脱参数为：比上柱量=5.6,比吸附量=3.88,比洗脱量=3.66,洗脱溶媒为30%的乙醇,洗脱体积为9VB。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.