对《大学英语》精读汉英翻译练习参考译文的商榷

目前《大学英语》精读教师用书提供的汉英翻译练习参考译文侧重语法的正确性,忽视了语言的语义和语用效果。通过对所有译例的考察,发现隐性和显性重复、篇章问题、用词问题、臃肿问题等比较突出,偶有逻辑问题和被动滥用等问题。以第四册为例对这些问题进行分析总结,并提出解决方法。     

重复异位妊娠相关因素及治疗分析

目的了解重复异位妊娠病因及结局,提高对本病的认识,减少误诊,寻求及时适当的治疗方案,减轻对患者损伤.方法对394例异位妊娠病例资料进行回顾性分析.结果 394例异位妊娠发生重复异位妊娠26例（占6.59%）.23例经手术探查证实为输卵管妊娠,其中3例为输卵管妊娠3次,3例为药物保守治疗治愈.前次输卵管妊娠切除输卵管者（16例）,重复异位妊娠时均发生在对侧;而保守治疗者（10例）,重复异位妊娠发生在原患侧占60%（6/10）.结论本病的发病与输卵管炎症及前次异位妊娠有关.治疗应根据患者的生育要求、患侧及对侧输卵管情况及内出血情况等决定.可采取选择药物保守治疗,输卵管切除或保留输卵管手术.患者若无生育要求,应建议行患侧输卵管切除术和对侧输卵管结扎术,减少重复异位妊娠的发生.     

浅谈我国增值税制度改革

本文通过对我国现行增值税的概况分析,针对我国现行增值税制度存在的问题(现行增值税运行环境分析;征税范围较窄;管理制度不健全,涉税违法犯罪活动日益猖獗;对固定资产存在重复征税现象;减免及优惠方面的问题;在发票及其征管方面,专用发票存在不规范使用及非法使用的问题;日趋复杂的增值税税率,形成新的税负不平),提出了建立和完善增值税制度的对策及建议.总之,随着我国经济的发展和改革开放的扩大,我国的增值税制度从无到有,税制逐步建立、完善,对于保证国家、特别是中央政府的财政收入,促进经济发展,实现我国税制和税收管理的现代化,发挥了非常重要的作用.     

重复组合数求法

本文给出了一个求重复组合数的方法.文中的5个简单例題基本上代表了组合数学中求组合数的各种类型。如果将公式编成计算机程序,使用起来将会更加方便.     

项目建设造价控制存在的几点问题

本文以自身参与建设的一个实际案例为例,结合建设过程当中存在典型的影响工程造价的几个实际问题,从设计、管理、施工及合同等几个方面进行举例说明分析,阐明对工程造价的影响程度,以期在工程建设中工程造价得到有效的控制。     

浅谈某矿井的污水处理及再利用

在我国的矿井开采项目中,“水”可以说是一个重要的话题.一方面,水资源在矿井施工、生产中有着重要的地位,大部分矿井项目中都存在着不同程度的缺水问题；而另一方面,矿井生产过程中排出的污水,严重污染着周边的环境以及地下水资源系统.因此,怎样合理利用水资源,减少矿井污水对环境的污染,同时解决企业经营中缺水的问题,是每一个矿井企业都需要重视的问题.本文结合实际案例,将对此问题展开详细的论述.     

重复所致多种修辞格的象似性阐释

语言与现实同构,刻意重复所致的各种修辞格就是其典型体现之一.基于“现实-认知-语言”这一认知原则,辅以象似性中的距离象似性、顺序象似性、数量象似性、标记象似性、句式象似性等,来就因重复而产生的回文、花园路径、夸张、排比、连珠、双关等手法的产出和理解进行认知语用阐释,能更好佐证言语确实与现实同构.     

我国类改良型中药新药再评价研究现状

目前已上市的类改良型中药新药存在制备工艺不同、剂型有异、质量标准不一与用法用量有别等问题,结合中成药再评价研究思路,对我国已上市类改良型中药新药的现存问题、用药困惑和再评价研究进行了探讨,以期为类改良型中药新药的研究提供参考.     

我国重复保险制度初探

重复保险是一种较为普遍的保险欺诈行为,为了防止投保人利用重复保险而获得超过其实际损失的损害赔偿,各国的保险法都规定了禁止重复保险这一原则,我国也不例外.我国的<保险法>规定了重复保险的定义和分摊方式,但仔细研读可以发现,我国的<保险法>对于重复保险的规定是不完善、不严谨的,本文拟从重复保险制度的立法意旨出发,分析<保险法>对重复保险的规定存在哪些问题,并提出修改意见.     

语病评判中语义与语法的交互作用——“语义重复”与“成分赘余”再思考

语言有语音、语义、语法、语用等多个层面.对具体语言现象的评判必需充分考虑多个层面的交互作用.语义重复属于语义平面,成分赘余属于语法平面.文章就语义重复和成分赘余的关系分别进行了论述,并把语义重复和成分赘余分别区分为两种类型,深入探讨了有关的语言现象.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.