I-Apriori：一种基于Spark平台的改进Apriori算法

针对Apriori算法在第二次迭代过程中产生大量候选集的弊端,在Spark大数据框架下,将Apriori算法进行并行化处理。提出一种基于Spark平台的改进Apriori算法——I-Apriori;该算法利用Spark基于内存计算的抽象对象(RDD)存储频繁项集,在第二次迭代中,通过使用改进的布隆过滤器存储频繁1项集,消除候选集生成,减少数据库扫描次数,提高算法效率。实验结果表明,相比基于Spark平台的Apriori算法进行性能评估,I-Apriori算法具有更优的性能,能够较大程度地提高大数据关联规则挖掘的效率。     

一种改进的关联规则挖掘算法

从大型事务数据库中发现关联规则是数据挖掘中的一个重要课题,其核心问题是挖掘频繁项集.经典Apriori算法是有效的挖掘频繁项目集的算法.在分析Apriori算法的基础上,提出了一种利用二维数组来代替算法中的哈希树的方法,可以迅速产生二阶频繁项目集,改善了Apriori算法的效率瓶颈,大大提高了算法的执行效率.     

Apriori算法的改进

介绍数据挖掘中关联规则的情况.在分析关联规则挖掘算法的基础上,对经典Apriori算法进行改进,改进算法意在通过减少生成候选频繁项集的数量和扫描数据库次数.从而,加快算法的执行效率和节省空间.     

利用项集有序特性改进Apriori算法

Apriori算法是挖掘关联规则的一个经典算法，通过分析、研究该算法的基本思想，并利用项集的有序特性对其进行改进，减少了生成的候选集数量，从而提高算法的效率．     

基于数据挖掘关联规则Apriori改进算法的入侵检测系统的研究

在众多的关联规则挖掘算法中,Apriori算法是最为经典的一个,但Apriori算法有以下缺陷：需要扫描多次数据库、生成大量候选集以及迭代求解频繁项集。因而提出了一种新方法,使Apriori算法产生的候选项集再通过数据库查找是否为频繁项集,从而提高算法的效率。最后针对入侵检测系统形成关联规则。实验结果表明,改进后的算法...     

与时机判定相结合的关联规则增量更新算法

现有的关联规则更新算法大多致力于解决增量更新本身,但很少同时考虑更新时机,不适于对实时应用中频繁更新的数据进行有效处理.针对此问题,提出了一种与时机判定相结合的关联规则增量更新算法,在改进增量更新方法的同时,兼顾对更新时机的判定.在关联规则增量更新阶段,计算含有非空子集个数之和最多的频繁项集,找出在更新数据集中仍然频繁的项集,根据Apriori性质,避免对其子集的处理,从而实现对候选项集的有效剪枝.实验结果表明,该算法通过对更新时机的及时判定和候选项集的有效剪枝,提高了关联规则的更新效率.     

一种改进的关联规则并行算法

经典的关联规则求解算法(如Apriori算法)是串行算法,当数据量比较大时挖掘效率较低;提出了新的并行BVP算法,BVP算法通过多线程并行读取数据并计算相应的数据特征,然后计算频繁项集和关联规则;实验结果表明:相对于经典Apriori算法,算法执行效率更高。     

一种改进的Apriori算法

分析Apriori算法的不知,提出从先删减后连接的新角度来生成频繁项集,达到减少无用连接,进而减少剪枝步骤候选项集判断数量来改进Apriori算法。改进后的Apriori算法在时间效率上优于传统的算法,而且所获得的关联规则质量与传统算法相当。     

基于数组的关联规则挖掘算法的研究

频繁项集的挖掘效率是关联规则产生的关键.针对经典Apriori算法的瓶颈,提出一种改进算法,通过数组结构来保存项集信息,只须扫描一遍数据库减少了时间开销.在自连接前进行项目计数,减少参加连接的项集数量,减少了候选项集的数量.通过实例证明,改进算法的效率更高.     

关联规则技术在教务管理中的应用

识别所有频繁项集是Apriori算法的核心.结合偏好信息的思想,对关联规则中的Apriori算法进行改进,减少候选频繁集冗余,提高了算法效率,并对学生成绩进行挖掘分析,找到影响成绩的内在因素.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-