Wear properties of NiAl based materials

The NiAl based materials including NiAl-TiC-Al2O3 composite,NiAl-Cr(Mo)-Hf-Ho eutectic alloy and NiAl-Cr(Mo)-CrxSy in situ composite were fabricated and their wear properties were tested at different temperatures.The results revealed that the NiAl-TiC-Al2O3 composite,NiAl-Cr(Mo)-Hf-Ho eutectic alloy and NiAl-Cr(Mo)-CrxSy in situ composite exhibited the excellent wear properties between 700℃ and 900℃.The microstructure observations exhibited that the self-lubricant films formed on the worn surfaces during the dry sliding test at high temperature,which decreased the wear rate and friction coefficient significantly.TEM observation on the self-lubricant film revealed that it was mainly comprised by ceramic amorphous and nanocrystalline.Compared with the NiAl-TiC-Al2O3 composite,the NiAl-Cr(Mo)-CrxSy in situ composite has lower friction coefficient at low temperature.Such phenomena may be ascribed to the addition of sulfide which contributes much to the formation of self-lubricant,and moreover the TiC addition increase the strength of NiAl based material and its wear resistance.     

Growth characteristics of directionally solidified Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 ternary hypereutectic in situ composites under ultra-high temperature gradient

Oxide eutectic ceramic in situ composites have attracted significant interest in the application of high-temperature structural materials because of their excellent high-temperature strength,oxidation and creep resistance,as well as outstanding microstructural stability.The directionally solidified ternary Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 hypereutectic in situ composite was successfully prepared by a laser zone remelting method,aiming to investigate the growth characteristic under ultra-high temperature gradient.The microstructures and phase composition of the as-solidified hypereutectic were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that the composite presents a typical hypereutectic lamellar microstructure consisting of fine Al2O3 and YAG phases,and the enriched ZrO2 phases with smaller sizes are randomly distributed at the Al2O3/YAG interface and in Al2O3 phases.Laser power and scanning rate strongly affect the sample quality and microstructure characteristic.Additionally,coarse colony microstructures were also observed,and their formation and the effect of temperature gradient on the microstructure were discussed.     

Microstructure and wear resistance of PTA clad Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating

A wear resistant Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating was fabricated on substrate of the hardening and tempering C degree steel by PTA (plasma transferred arc) cladding with (wt%) Fe-25Cr-7C elemental powder blends. Microstructure of the coating was characterized by OM, SEM, XRD and EDS. Wear resistance of the coating was tested under dry sliding wear condition at room temperature. The results indicate that the PTA clad ceramal composite coating has a rapidly solidified fine microstructure consisting of Cr7C3 primary particles uniformly distributed in the γ-Fe matrix and is metallurgically bonded to the C degree steel substrate. The PTA clad Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating has high hardness and excellent wear resistance under dry sliding wear test conditions. The excellent wear resistance of the Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating is attributed to the coating's high hardness, strong covalent atomic bonding and refined microstructure.     

Effects of Cr and Mo elements on the microstructures and compressive properties of the in situ (TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/Ni cermets

In-situ(TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/Ni cermets with 70 wt%TiC_xN_y–TiB_2 were successfully fabricated by combustion synthesis and hot pressing sintering in Ni-Ti-B_4C-BN powder systems.The microstructures,density,compressive properties,and hardness of the TiC_xN_y–TiB_2/Ni cermets with the addition of 0–8 wt%Cr/Mo to the Ni-Ti-B_4C-BN powder systems were compared and analysed.The results showed that the ceramic particles distributed uniformly in the cermets,and the size of the ceramic particles reduced with the Cr/Mo addition.Both Cr and Mo addition can improve the hardness,compressive properties,and fracture strains of the cermets.The hardness,compressive strength,and fracture strain of the(TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/(Ni+Cr)cermets increased from 1561 HV,2.94 GPa,and 2.9%to 1864 HV,3.65 GPa,and 3.4%,respectively when the Cr content increased to 5 wt%.The hardness and compressive strength of the(TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/(Ni+Mo)cermets increased from 1561 HV and 2.94 GPa to 1902 HV and 3.43 GPa,respectively when the Mo content increased to 8 wt%.The cermets with Cr had better compressive properties than the cermets with Mo.     

石墨/纳米氧化锆复合颗粒的制备及表征

以ZrOCl2·8H2O为前驱物,采用非均匀成核技术对天然鳞片石墨表面进行改性处理,制备出石墨/纳米氧化锆复合颗粒.考察不同氧化锆加入量对复合颗粒亲水性的影响.结果表明,改性后石墨/纳米氧化锆复合颗粒的亲水性能得到提高.采用Zeta电位测试仪以及TGA-DSC分析仪,分别对改性前后颗粒的表面电位和热失重进行表征.结果表明,复合颗粒的等电点从pH＝2.5位移到pH=5.3.抗氧化性能也得到了一定的提高,氧化失重率从98.9%变为93.1%.SEM及EDS分析结果表明,复合颗粒表面包覆了一层致密的纳米尺度的氧化锆颗粒,其平均粒径为数十纳米.XPS能谱检测进一步表明,复合颗粒表面出现Zr的特征峰,且C1s的电子结合能向高能方向移动了0.4 eV.     

SiC_w／ZTA（Y）陶瓷基复合材料断裂特性的研究

本文研究了一种新型的陶瓷基复合材料－ＳｉＣ晶须补强ＺＴＡ（Ｙ）陶瓷材料的断裂特性．分析表明，复台材料基体以解理断裂为主，沿晶断裂出现在晶粒粗大的场合．断裂过程中发生了ＺｒＯ２（ｔ）→ＺｒＯ２（ｍ）的马氏体相交．断裂时晶须的拔出是明显的，晶须引入基体的张应力将使裂纹扩展途径更为曲析，这都将有利于复合材料断裂韧性的增加．     

Microstructure of Ni–Al powder and Ni–Al composite coatings prepared by twin-wire arc spraying

Ni–Al powder and Ni–Al composite coatings were fabricated by twin-wire arc spraying (TWAS). The microstructures of Ni-5wt%Al powder and Ni-20wt%Al powder were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the obtained particle size ranged from 5 to 50 μm. The morphology of the Ni–Al powder showed that molten particles were composed of Ni solid solution, NiAl, Ni₃Al, Al₂O₃, and NiO. The Ni–Al phase and a small amount of Al₂O₃ particles changed the composition of the coating. The microstructures of the twin-wire-arc-sprayed Ni–Al composite coatings were characterized by SEM, EDS, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the main phase of the Ni-5wt%Al coating consisted of Ni solid solution and NiAl in addition to a small amount of Al₂O₃. The main phase of the Ni-20wt%Al coating mainly consisted of Ni solid solution, NiAl, and Ni₃Al in addition to a small amount of Al and Al₂O₃, and NiAl and Ni₃Al intermetallic compounds effectively further improved the final wear property of the coatings. TEM analysis indicated that fine spherical NiAl₃ precipitates and a Ni–Al–O amorphous phase formed in the matrix of the Ni solid solution in the original state.     

钛基体激光直接熔覆ZrO 2涂层实验研究

采用激光同轴送粉工艺在钛基体上直接熔覆ZrO2陶瓷涂层,研究不同工艺参数对单道熔覆层熔覆质量的影响规律;采用光学显微镜观察陶瓷涂层的微观组织,并采用电子探针技术分析基体和ZrO2陶瓷结合区成分分布;利用XRD分析激光熔覆前后ZrO2陶瓷物相变化情况.结果表明:在一定的功率范围内,熔覆层宽度受激光功率的影响不大,熔覆层高度和基体熔化深度随工艺参数的变化呈现一定的规律性;ZrO2和Ti基体结合区形成很好的成分梯度渐变过渡,陶瓷微观组织为细小的枝状晶组织;激光熔覆ZrO2陶瓷后,单斜相(m相)衍射峰强度相对减弱.     

热压ZrO2/MoSi2复合材料的强韧化效果与机制

用纳米尺寸的ZrO2粒子对MoSi2的增韧补强效果及其作用机制进行了初步研究和探讨.结果证明不含Y2O3稳定剂的ZrO2颗粒对MoSi2的增韧效果显著,而含Y2O3稳定剂的ZrO2颗粒的增韧效果有限.前者的增韧机制主要以微裂纹增韧为主,致使室温断裂强度有所降低;后者主要是应力诱发的相变增韧为主,故断裂韧性与强度同时得到了提高.断口分析表明复合材料中ZrO2粒子使MoSi2的断裂模式从穿晶型向准解理穿晶或沿晶型"碎化"断裂模式转变,这种断裂模式的转变与断裂韧性的提高相对应.另外还发现应力诱发相变增韧效果有限可能与基体晶粒较粗以及纳米粒子在热压过程中的团聚长大有关.     

纳米ZrO_2颗粒强韧MoSi_2基复合材料

研究了热压纳米ＺｒＯ２粒子强韧ＭｏＳｉ２基复合材料的显微结构与力学性能，初步探讨了纳米ＺｒＯ２粒子的增韧补强机制．结果表明，复合材料的室温断裂韧性有了较大的提高，ＫＩｃ达到５．７９ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２．ＳＥＭ观察表明纳米ＺｒＯ２粒子既分布于基体材料的晶界同时也存在于晶粒内部，断口形貌呈现出沿晶与穿晶的混合型断裂特征．复合材料的韧化效应是由ＺｒＯ２粒子引起的相变韧化、晶粒桥接以及裂纹偏转等机制的综合作用．     

Plasma preparation and low-temperature sintering of spherical TiC–Fe composite powder

A spherical Fe matrix composite powder containing a high volume fraction (82vol%) of fine TiC reinforcement was produced us-ing a novel process combining in situ synthesis and plasma techniques. The composite powder exhibited good sphericity and a dense struc-ture, and the fine sub-micron TiC particles were homogeneously distributed in theα-Fe matrix. A TiC–Fe cermet was prepared from the as-prepared spherical composite powder using powder metallurgy at a low sintering temperature;the product exhibited a hardness of HRA 88.5 and a flexural strength of 1360 MPa. The grain size of the fine-grained TiC and special surface structure of the spherical powder played the key roles in the fabrication process.     

ZrO2陶瓷表面Cu-Ti复合渗镀研究

应用加弧辉光复合渗镀技术和自制Cu-Ti二元金属复合靶,对ZrO2陶瓷表面进行Cu-Ti复合渗镀。采用X射线能量色散谱分析(EDS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)面扫描、X射线衍射(XRD)、声发射划痕等试验方法对渗镀层的元素组成、成分分布、相组成、界面结合强度进行分析测试。结果表明渗镀层中存在Cu、Ti及Fe元素,各组分分布较为均匀,没有明显的成分偏聚现象;渗镀层由Cu2Ti、Cu2Ti4O、Ti8O15组成;渗镀层与陶瓷基体结合良好,在100 N最大载荷下未出现剥离和崩落现象。     

碳纳米管／Mo复合粉末的制备

[摘要]以仲钼酸铵为前驱物,采用溶胶一凝胶法和氢气还原工艺制备了碳纳米管／Mo复合粉末材料．采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和x射线衍射（XRD）分析了微观形貌和相态组成．结果表明：在750℃还原保温3h可制备出碳纳米管／Mo复合粉末,还原生成的Mo粉颗粒在碳纳米管周围聚集,使碳纳米管在Mo粉中均匀分散;高于800℃还原,碳纳米管与Mo反应生成M02C相;而低于750℃还原,则有MoO2相残存．     

Cr--MnOx/TiO2--ZrO2低温选择催化还原NO的活性及抗毒性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2-ZrO2载体,然后采用柠檬酸溶液浸渍法制备Cr-MnOx/TiO2-ZrO2复合催化剂.通过X射线衍射、比表面积测试( BET)、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱等测试方法对催化剂的物化性能进行表征分析,并进行NH3选择性催化还原NO实验,考察催化剂在低温下的活性及抗硫抗水性能. Cr元素介入到MnOx 中,形成了新型的CrMn1.5 O4活性物相,其中的Mn元素多以Mn3+和Mn4+存在.高价态的Cr5+使Mn元素由Mn3+向高氧化态的Mn4+转化,有利于低温选择性催化还原反应的进行.鉴于Cr元素第一电离能和电负性均低于Mn元素,能优先于Mn与SO2-4和SO2-3结合,保护MnOx 不被硫酸化,从而提高Cr-MnOx/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂的抗毒性能.制备的五种不同Cr/(Cr+Mn)摩尔比的催化剂中,Cr(0.4)-MnOx/TiO2-ZrO2的性能最优,其颗粒分散均匀,具有较大比表面积,在180℃时脱硝效率能够达到95.8%,同时通入5% H2 O和10-4 SO2,脱硝效率缓慢下降,反应8 h后,下降到73%,并保持稳定.     

1673K下BaO-BaF_2-Cr_2O_3渣系的热力学性质

１６７３Ｋ下,采用－ＭｏＣｒ＋Ｃｒ２Ｏ３ＺｒＯ２（ＭｇＯ）｛Ｃｕ＋Ｃｒ｝ａｌｏｙ＋（Ｃｒ２Ｏ３）ｓｌａｇＭｏ＋固体电解质电池测定了ＢａＯＢａＦ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ３渣系中Ｃｒ２Ｏ３的活度．研究结果表明,Ｃｒ２Ｏ３的活度随其浓度升高而升高,随ＸＢａＯ／ＸＢａＦ２升高而降低．根据实验及Ｘ射线衍射结果推测了该渣系的等温相图,并作出了该渣系中Ｃｒ２Ｏ３的等活度图．     

NiAl基复合材料的研究进展

为了提高NiAl合金强度，改善NiAl合金塑性，在制备NiAl复合材料时，用不同的制备方法在NiAl合金中加入增强剂，如陶瓷或金属颗粒、晶须、短纤维和长纤维等制成复合材料，以不同的增强剂为基础总结了NiAl基复合材料研究在制备、结构、性能及机理等方面的最新进展。     

复合电沉积法制备ZrO_2/Ni梯度功能材料的研究

梯度功能材料（简称ＦＧＭ）是一种新型复合材料，其成分和组织连续变化使材料获得梯度分布的功能。研究了用复合电沉积法制备ＺｒＯ２／ＮｉＦＧＭ时各种工艺参数对ＺｒＯ２颗粒在镀层中共析量的影响，探讨了ＺｒＯ２／Ｎｉ共沉积过程，并在此基础上制得了ＺｒＯ２体积分数０～２８％的梯度镀层。通过对其组织进行观察证实了其成分呈现出梯度的变化。     

Microstructure and high-temperature wear properties of in situ TiC composite coatings by plasma transferred arc surface alloying on gray cast iron

In this work, an in situ synthesized TiC-reinforced metal matrix composite (MMC) coating of approximately 350–400μm thick-ness was fabricated on a gray cast iron (GCI) substrate by plasma transferred arc (PTA) surface alloying of Ti–Fe alloy powder. Microhard-ness tests showed that the surface hardness increased approximately four-fold after the alloying treatment. The microstructure of the MMC coating was mainly composed of residual austenite, acicular martensite, and eutectic ledeburite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analyzes revealed that the in situ TiC particles, which were formed by direct reaction of Ti with carbon originally contained in the GCI, was uniformly distributed at the boundary of residual austenite in the alloying zone. Pin-on-disc high-temperature wear tests were performed on samples both with and without the MMC coating at room temperature and at elevated temperatures (473 K and 623 K), and the wear behavior and mechanism were investigated. The results showed that, after the PTA alloying treatment, the wear resistance of the sam-ples improved significantly. On the basis of our analysis of the composite coatings by optical microscopy, SEM with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and microhardness measurements, we attributed this improvement of wear resistance to the transformation of the microstruc-ture and to the presence of TiC particles.     

Microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al<Subscript>3</Subscript>Ti/ADC12 composite modified with Sr

In this study, we investigated the effect of the addition of Sr (0wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, and 0.3wt%) on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al₃Ti/ADC12 composite by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy diffraction spectroscopy. The results reveal that the α-Al phases were nearly spherical and 40 μm in size and that the eutectic Si phases became round in the composite when the Sr content reached 0.2wt%. The Al₃Ti particles were distributed uniformly at the grain boundary. The results of the corrosion examination reveal that the Al₃Ti/ADC12 composite exhibited a minimum corrosion rate of 0.081 g·m–2·h–1 for an Sr content of 0.2wt%, which is two thirds of that of unmodified composite (0.134 g·m–2·h–1). This improved corrosion resistance was due to galvanic corrosion, which resulted from the low area ratio of the cathode to anode regions. This caused a low-density corrosion current in the composite, thereby yielding optimum corrosion resistance.     

Mo粉和Si粉球磨过程的研究

本文通过扫描电镜和透射电镜对Mo粉和Si粉在球磨过程中颗粒微观形貌的变化规律进行了分析 ,表明Mo粉的球磨过程是塑性颗粒的反复变形、焊合、断裂的细化过程 ,而Si粉的球磨过程是脆性颗粒的破粹细化过程 ;确定了MoSi2 的机械合金化过程属延性金属与脆性非金属体系。图 4,参 4。