Mo粉在球磨过程中的机械力效应

采用激光粒度分析仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析仪器研究了Mo粉在机械球磨过程中粒度、晶粒尺寸和显微应变随球磨时间的变化规律.同时,探讨了机械球磨过程中Mo粉的显微结构特点及其细化机理.结果表明:在球磨初期Mo粉细化明显,球磨20h以后,Mo粉粒度细化趋于稳定,球磨30h后,平均晶粒尺寸达到18.19nm,体积平均粒径达到3.371μm,粒度分布曲线呈现为纳米、亚微米及微米区共存的3峰特征,晶粒尺寸与显微应变呈现ε=12.268 D~(-1.229)的逆变关系.其细化的机理是:球磨初期Mo粉产生强烈塑性变形,缺陷密度剧烈增加,粉体发生强烈加工硬化,加速了粉体碎化;球磨20h后冷焊和碎化达到动态平衡,粉体粒度趋于平稳.     

机械化学还原法制备Al_2O_3-Mo_3Si/Mo_5Si_3纳米复合粉体

以MoO3、Si粉和Al粉为原料,采用机械化学还原法制备了Al2O3-Mo3Si/Mo5Si3纳米复合粉体.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、激光粒度分析仪(LPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和差热-热重分析(DTA-TG)等对复合粉体和球磨过程中粉体的固态反应过程进行表征.结果显示,MoO3-Si-Al混合粉体球磨5h后转变为Al2O3-Mo3Si/Mo5Si3复合粉体,反应为机械诱导的自蔓延反应.球磨20h后,Mo3Si、Mo5Si3和Al2O3的晶粒尺寸分别为27.5、23.3和31.8nm,产物具有纳米晶结构,粉体平均粒度为3.988μm,颗粒呈球形,分布均匀.DTA分析表明,复合粉体在机械化学反应过程中首先发生MoO3和Al之间的铝热反应,之后将发生一系列Mo和Si之间的反应,生成Mo5Si3和Mo3Si.     

球磨工艺对Ti/HA复合材料原始粉料细化的影响

在不同球磨介质中对Ti+30%HA配比的原始粉料进行高能球磨,通过TEM,SEM和EDX对球磨前、后的粉末进行观察,研究球磨工艺对Ti/HA复合材料原始粉料细化的影响.研究结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,采用干磨工艺时,HA粉明显细化,Ti粉的细化程度不明显,HA粉堆积覆盖在Ti粉大颗粒上;采用湿磨工艺时,HA粉和Ti粉都明显细化.表明湿磨工艺可以提高球磨的细化效果,提高HA粉在Ti粉中的均匀弥散分布程度.     

Cr粉在机械球磨过程中的机械力化学效应

研究了Cr粉在机械球磨过程中粒度分布、晶粒尺寸和显微应变随球磨时间的变化规律.探讨了机械球磨过程中Cr粉的形貌特点及其细化机理.结果表明:Cr的细化主要发生在球磨前期(5h),5h后细化速率明显减缓,球磨25h时,Cr粉的表面积平均粒径(1.383μm)和体积平均粒径(2.184μm)均达到最小,平均晶粒尺寸达到15.2nm,球磨细化效果最佳,球磨30h,粒度峰右移且分布范围变宽.在球磨20h内,随球磨时间的延长,Cr粉的晶粒尺寸减小,显微应变增大,当晶粒尺寸达到15nm左右时,显微应变出现了突降,随后显微应变随着晶粒尺寸的减小而减小.Cr粉细化的机理是:球磨初期Cr粉产生强烈塑性变形,缺陷密度剧烈增加,粉体发生强烈加工硬化,加速了粉体碎化;球磨25h冷焊和碎化达到动态平衡,粉体粒度达到最小;球磨30h后,粉体表面活性增大,粉体出现再次团聚.机械球磨法可获得形状规则的类球形Cr颗粒.     

β-FeSi2热电材料的机械合金化-热处理制备

采用机械合金化和热处理工艺成功制备了β-FeSi2样品,用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对样品的结构与形貌进行分析,探讨球磨时间和热处理工艺对合金化过程的影响.结果显示,在球磨过程中,钢球把Fe粉挤压成块状粉体,把脆性的Si粉破碎成细小的颗粒状.随着球磨时间的增加,Fe粉和Si粉形成片层状结构,然后Fe和Si通过原子扩散实现合金化.为了缩短退火时间并促进β-FeSi2的形成,可以加入少量的Cu.当Fe与Si的原子比为1∶3,Cu的质量分数为3％时,在800℃退火120h可以得到较为纯净的金属间化合物β-FeSi2.     

球磨工艺对SiC和Al复合粉质量的影响

采用高能球磨技术制备了SiC和Al复合粉,利用扫描电镜对复合粉进行观察和分析.研究了球磨转速、球磨时间、碳化硅粒度以及SiC与Al质量比对复合粉粒度、均匀性和致密性的影响.结果表明,随着球磨时间的延长或转速的升高,颗粒的细化程度和均匀性都明显增加;采用双粒度的碳化硅颗粒与铝粉混合时,复合粉的致密性和均匀性提高更大.     

球磨时间对Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷组织和力学性能的影响

以Mo、FeB、Cr、Ni、Fe粉末以及少量的C粉为原料,采用行星球磨法对其球磨后烧结制备Mo2FeB2基金属陶瓷,利用扫描电镜观察球磨粉及其烧结试样的组织形貌,并测定烧结试样的孔隙度、硬度和抗弯强度,研究原料粉末球磨时间对Mo2FeB2基金属陶瓷组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着球磨时间的增加,粉末粒度逐渐变小,Mo2FeB2基金属陶瓷的孔隙度明显降低,其硬度和抗弯强度明显增大,晶粒也随之细化;球磨30h原料粉末所制Mo2FeB2基金属陶瓷的综合性能最优,其硬度(HRA)达到90.2,抗弯强度达到1850MPa。     

WC球磨粉碎动力学方程的探讨

本文根据球磨粉碎功转变成物料的弹性变形能,又由弹性能转变成颗粒的表面能的原理,按照球磨粉碎能耗与被球磨物料体积成正比的推论,同时考虑物料颗粒强度的体积效应,即随着尺寸的减小颗粒强度提高,磨碎所需的时间增长,建立了脆性材料的球磨粉碎动力学方程,并通过WC粉的干式球磨试验进行验证。     

溶胶-凝胶+机械球磨法制备纳米α-Al_2O_3/Ni复合粉体

采用溶胶-凝胶+机械球磨法制备了纳米α-Al_2O_3/Ni复合粉体,研究了α-Al_2O_3/Ni复合粉体的微观结构及其在球磨过程中的结构演变和形貌演变,探讨了复合粉体的球磨细化机理.结果表明:通过溶胶-凝胶法制备的复合胶体经1 200℃煅烧2h后可获得晶体结构完整的α-Al_2O_3/Ni复合粉体,粉体微观结构为脆性α-Al_2O_3纳米颗粒包覆于Ni颗粒表面的壳核型球形结构.在机械球磨过程中,α-Al_2O_3/Ni复合粉体的颗粒形貌经历了由球状到层片状再到类球状的变化,球磨20h时复合粉体的细化效果最佳.2种物相的晶粒尺寸在球磨初期细化速率很快,纳米晶α-Al_2O_3在球磨5h时平均晶粒尺寸迅速减小为27nm,球磨20h后出现部分非晶化;Ni晶粒尺寸则在5、10h时减小至22、17nm,球磨10h以后晶粒尺寸趋于稳定.复合粉体经球磨20h后可获得α-Al_2O_3弥散分布于Ni颗粒中的超级分散体系.     

Cu-Zn-Al_2O_4复合粉末的机械合金化反应

采用X射线衍射仪、电子扫描、TEM透射电镜和DTA差热分析等手段,研究了在Ar气氛保护下Cu-Zn-Al2O4粉在高能球磨过程中发生的机械合金化反应,分析了不同球磨时间对α-Cu的晶格常数和粉体成分、形貌、热稳定性的影响.结果表明:随着球磨时间延长,Cu的晶格常数不断变化,晶粒尺寸可细化至22nm;高能球磨120h后,可获得纳米氧化铝颗粒弥散分布的Cu-Zn复合粉末;Cu-Zn-Al2O4混合粉在700-850℃之间加热时,会出现Al2O4的晶化转变,球磨时间越长,Al2O4晶化转变温度越高,固溶体的熔点温度降低,球磨60h后熔化温度可降为1045℃.     

机械活化Mo－Cu粉末的烧结

研究了Ｍｏ－Ｃｕ粉末，经机械活化处理后的组织、形态与液相烧结性能、合金组织的关系，实验结果表明：一定时间活化处理，Ｍｏ－Ｃｕ粉末形成机械合金化初期的层状组织，其压坯可在较低温度液相烧结，合金相对密度大于９９％，组织细小、均匀。     

Mechanical milling assisted by electrical discharge

Mechanical milling is an effective technique for the preparation of fine metallic and ceramic powders and can also be used to drive a wide range of chemical reactions. Milling devices include planetary machines, attritors and vibrational mills; products include amorphous, nanocrystalline and quasicrystalline materials, supersaturated solid solutions, reduced minerals, high-surface-area catalysts and reactive chemicals. During milling, solid-solid, solid-liquid and solid-gas reactions are initiated through repeated deformation and fracture of powder particles. A separate materials synthesis and processing technique involves reacting a material in a gas atmosphere under an electrical discharge. Here we show that the application of low-current, high-voltage electrical impulses during milling can result in both faster reactions and new synthesis and processing routes. We demonstrate the effects of glow (cold) and spark (hot) discharge milling on particle fracture for brittle, low-conductivity materials and ductile metals. Glow discharge milling was found to promote solid-gas reactions whereas spark discharge milling promotes fast fracturing, recrystallization, mineral reduction and solid-solid reactions.     

Processing and characterization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061–TiB2 composite

In the present research, aluminum metal matrix composites were processed by the stir casting technique. The effects of TiB2 rein-forcement particles, severe plastic deformation through accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and aging treatment on the microstructural charac-teristics and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements were conducted, and the micro-structural characteristics were investigated. Notably, the important problems associated with cast samples, including nonuniformity of the rein-forcement particles and high porosity content, were solved through the ARB process. At the initial stage, particle-free zones, as well as particle clusters, were observed on the microstructure of the composite. However, after the ARB process, fracturing phenomena occurred in brittle ceramic particles, followed by breaking down of the fragments into fine particles as the number of rolling cycles increased. Subsequently, com-posites with a uniform distribution of particles were produced. Moreover, the tensile strength and microhardness of the ARB-processed com-posites increased with the increase in the reinforcement mass fraction. However, their ductility exhibited a different trend. With post-deforma-tion aging treatment (T6), the mechanical properties of composites were improved because of the formation of fine Mg2Si precipitates.     

ZrO2 strengthened NiAl/Cr(Mo,Hf) composite fabricated by powder metallurgy

The ZrO2 ceramic particles strengthened NiAl/Cr(Mo,Hf) composite was fabricated from the rapidly solidified NiAl/Cr(Mo,Hf) pre-alloyed powder and the ZrO2 powder by powder metallurgy technique.Microstr...     

Rapid synthesis of MoSi2-Si3N4 nanocomposite via reaction milling of Si and Mo powder mixture

The nanocomposite of MoSi2-SiaN4 （molybdenum disilicide-silicon nitride） was synthesized by reaction milling of the Mo and Si powder mixture. Changing the processing parameters led to the formation of different products such as a- and B-MoSi2, SiaN4, Mo2N, and M05Si3 at various milling times. A thermodynamic appraisal showed that the milling of Moa2Siss powder mixture was associated with highly exothermic mechanically induced self-sustaining reaction （MSR） between Mo and Si. The MSR took place around 5 h of milling led to the formation of a-MoSi2 and the reaction between Si and N2 to produce Si3N4 under a nitrogen pressure of 1 MPa. By increasing the nitrogen pressure to 5 MPa, more heat is released, resulting in the dissociation of Si3N4 and the transformation of a-MoSi2 to β-MoSi2. Heat treatment was also performed on the milled samples and led to the formation of Mo2N and the transformation of a-MoSi2 to β-MoSi2 at the milling times of 10 and 40 h, respectively.     

细小弥散碳化物与回火马氏体脆性

本文利用透射电子显微镜及物理化学相分析技术研究了中碳硅—锰钢中回火马氏体脆性(TME)的微观机制,着重探讨了回火过程中析出的碳化物对TME的作用。结果发现,对应于40Si2Mn2钢中TME产生的回火温度区间,存在有由碳化物向渗碳体的转变,析出了细小弥散的颗粒状渗碳体。这种对应现象在40Si2Mn2Mo钢中也得到证实。40Si2Mn2Mo钢的TME产生的回火温度和弥散渗碳体的析出温度都要高于40Si2Mn2钢。由此得出:在回火过程中大量细小弥散渗碳体的析出是中碳硅—锰钢中TME产生的一个重要原因。     

高含Cu量Mo－Cu合金的液相烧结

采用液相烧结Ｍｏ、Ｃｕ混合粉压坯的方法制取合金，分析了合金的力学性能及组织。借助ＴＥＭ，ＳＥＭ组织观察以及电子探针成分（ＥＤＸＡ）分析表明：Ｍｏ－Ｃｕ合金的烧结由于Ｍｏ的溶解－析出，Ｍｏ晶粒表面有Ｍｏ、Ｃｕ不同比例含量的过渡层，该层中组织均匀细小。在润湿角为０°附近温度烧结合金性能最佳。