咳嗽变异性哮喘与典型支气管哮喘患者外周血树突状细胞的变化

目的:计算咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)、典型支气管哮喘(CA)患者,其外周血中树突状细胞(DCs)及亚型髓样树突状细胞(m DC)、浆细胞样树突状细胞(p DC)比例和数量的变化,了解咳嗽变异性哮喘与典型支气管哮喘之间是否有类似的免疫学发病机制.方法:选取CA患者20例,CVA患者17例,对照组健康人17例,使用流式细胞术检测和计算CA组与CVA组受试者外周血中DCs及其两个亚群:p DC和m DC所占比例和数量的变化.结果:咳嗽变异性哮喘与典型支气管哮喘患者相比,其外周血树突状细胞及其亚型的数量和比例均无明显差异,咳嗽变异性哮喘、典型支气管哮喘患者较健康对照组,p DC数量及比例的增高明显,m DCs/p DCs的比值降低有统计学差异.结论:咳嗽变异性哮喘与支气管哮喘的发病机制在免疫学上类似,由于p DCs比例和数量的增多引起Th2细胞数量增多,造成Th1/Th2平衡向Th2细胞偏移.     

太极拳锻炼对免疫平衡影响及其机制研究进展

通过整理与分析国内外文献,分析了太极拳锻炼影响CD4+/CD8+细胞平衡与T1/T2平衡的作用与机制.研究认为,太极拳锻炼可引起CD4+细胞数量与CD4+/CD8+细胞比值升高,该变化可能与MDC数量的增高促进了Th细胞的分化过程有关;太极拳锻炼可提升Th1细胞数量与Th1/Th2细胞比例以及Ⅰ型细胞因子IFN-γ,IL-2含量与IFN-γ/IL-4比值,诱发T1/T2平衡向T1方向漂移.该变化的机制可能是Treg数量的增高抑制了Th细胞的分化过程,从而降低了IL-4对Th1细胞分化的交互抑制作用.     

1,25(OH)_2VD_3在过敏原特异性免疫治疗花粉过敏哮喘中的应用

以1,25(OH)₂VD₃为佐剂制备软叶针葵花粉变应原疫苗,以小鼠致敏哮喘模型为研究对象进行特异性免疫治疗.通过检测小鼠气道高反应性、血清中特异性抗体、细胞因子以及肺组织病理学切片等指标对治疗模型的构建进行评价,探讨1,25(OH)₂VD₃在过敏原特异性免疫治疗花粉过敏哮喘免疫机制中的作用.结果表明:以1,25(OH)₂VD₃为变应原疫苗能有效抑制花粉特异性IgE的产生和Th2细胞因子IL-4分泌,促进封闭性抗体IgG2a产生和Th1细胞因子IFN-γ的分泌,增加耐受性细胞因子IL-10生产,使Th2反应向Th1反应转变.1,25(OH)₂VD₃在花粉过敏性哮喘治疗中能大幅提高过敏原特异性免疫治疗的疗效.     

Th1/Th2型细胞因子平衡与正常妊娠的关系

目的:探讨Th1/Th2型细胞因子平衡与正常妊娠之间的关系.方法:采用酶联免疫吸附方法检测40例非妊娠妇女和42例正常妊娠妇女的血清中Th1型细胞因子(IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-1 β)及Th2型细胞因子(IL-4、IL-6、IL-10和IL-13)的表达水平.结果:非妊娠组相比,妊娠组血清中IL-2和TNF-α的表达水平明显降低(P值均＜0.05),IL-4和IL-10的表达水平明显升高(P值均＜0.05);而两组血清中IFN-γ、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-13表达水平的差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).结论:正常妊娠是以分泌Th2型细胞因子为主的,提示Th1/Th2型细胞因子的平衡可能在正常妊娠中发挥重要作用.     

大承气汤对支气管哮喘及肺肠合病Treg/TH17免疫机制的作用

目的 从“肺与大肠相表里”理论出发，以大承气汤通肠利肺作用为切入点，观察支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）及肺肠合病大鼠动物模型及在大承气汤方药干预下，肺与大肠之间共同免疫物质TH17/Treg的变化，探讨“肺与大肠相表里”的免疫机制.方法 建立哮喘组、肺肠合病组、大承气汤组哮喘干预组与肺肠合病干预组动物模型，检测各组大鼠外周血淋巴细胞中Th17/Treg亚群分布表达,及血清中 IL-17，IL-6，IL-2的水平.结果 与正常对照组比较，哮喘组及肺肠合病组大鼠外周血中Th17细胞比例升高，Treg细胞比例降低，血清中IL-6，IL-17水平升高，IL-2水平降低，有差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.005）；肺肠合病组大鼠组更明显（P＜0.005）.在大承气汤干预下，与哮喘组比较，哮喘干预组与肺肠合病干预组Th17细胞比例降低，Treg细胞比例升高，血清IL-6，IL-17水平下降，IL-2水平升高，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.005）.结论 哮喘发病时肠道功能的变化可能导致肺、肠TH17/Treg的免疫失衡，免疫反应向呼吸道粘膜等部位迁移，加重哮喘的发病.大承气汤是可以通过调节肠道TH17/Treg免疫，提高黏膜屏障功能，降低淋巴细胞的“归巢”作用，减轻哮喘发病.     

T细胞亚群及负调节因子对再障发病的影响

综述T淋巴细胞亚群的分布与活化异常、Th1/Th2细胞分布平衡及负调节因子IFN-γ、TNF-ɑ活化水平的改变与再生障碍性贫血发病的关系.     

胸腺基质淋巴生成素对增塑剂DEHP诱导性哮喘的介导作用（综述）

胸腺基质淋巴生成素（Thymic stromal lymphopoietin,TSLP）是一种新型的细胞因子,也是过敏反应起始的重要因子,能通过诱导树突细胞表达协同刺激分子CD40、CD80,促进树突细胞招募Th2细胞的趋化因子,进而诱导Th2炎症细胞的大量生成,在哮喘发生过程中发挥重要的作用.增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯（Di-（2-ehtylhexyl）phthalate,DEHP）在过敏性哮喘的发生过程中具有＂佐剂作用＂,并与气道炎症的关系密不可分.研究表明,在成功构建的小鼠过敏性哮喘模型中,TSLP在DEHP致哮喘作用过程中也发挥着重要的介导作用.     

单增李斯特菌致流产小鼠子宫中Th1和Th2细胞因子的变化

为探讨Th1和Th2细胞因子在单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,LM)致小鼠流产中的作用,用LM感染妊娠小鼠和小鼠巨噬细胞,统计胚胎存活率,酶联免疫测定(enzyme linked lmmuno sorbent assay,ELISA)小鼠子宫组织中和巨噬细胞培养基中主要的Th1和Th2细胞因子水平.结果显示,LM诱导的流产小鼠子宫中Th1细胞因子水平显著增加,溶血素O(listeriolysin O,LLO)基因缺陷型(Δ hly)LM感染组胚胎存活率和子宫中Th1、Th2细胞因子水平无显著变化;LM感染的巨噬细胞分泌的Th1细胞因子和白细胞介素-4(interleukin, IL-4)水平显著增加,IL-10水平显著降低,Δ hly LM感染组Th1和Th2细胞因子水平无显著变化.因此,LM感染后子宫中Th1/Th2细胞因子失衡诱导了小鼠流产,这可为临床防治LM诱导的流产提供科学依据.     

用二-2-乙基己基磷酸从盐酸溶液中萃取Th（Ⅳ）

用二-2-乙基己基磷酸(HDEHP)做萃取剂,Na2CO3做反萃剂,234Th为示踪剂,完成了从盐酸溶液中液-液萃取Th(IV)的实验研究。在不同萃取条件下(包括HDEHP和Na2CO3溶液浓度、震荡时间、有机相和水相比值等)对234Th百分萃取(或反萃取)作了一系列实验。发现,随HDEHP浓度的增加,234Th的萃取效率明显增加。当HDEHP的浓度≥20%时,234Th的萃取效率>97%;用Na2CO3溶液能有效地从有机相中反萃出234Th,当Na2CO3溶液的浓度≥0.5mol/L时,234Th的反萃效率>96%;反萃时,震荡周期长于4min时,两相能达到反萃平衡;随有机相和水相比值的增加,234Th的萃取效率也明显地增加,在合适的萃取条件下,有机相与水相比值≥4:1时,高达97%的234Th进入有机相。     

共刺激分子B7和CD40对日本血吸虫感染小鼠Th1/Th2免疫偏移的调控作用

为观察干预B7/CD28和CD40/CD40L共刺激信号对Th1/Th2细胞因子表达水平和Th1/Th 2免疫偏移的调控作用, 分别取小鼠感染日本血吸虫后6、8、10和12周的脾淋巴细胞经抗CD8 0(B7-1)mAb、抗CD86(B7-2)mAb、抗CD40mAb和抗CD40LmAb处理后培养72h,用ELISA 双抗体夹心法测定培养上清中IFN-γ和IL-4的表达水平的动态变化并分析干预2种不同的共刺激信号对 Th1/Th2免疫偏移的影响.结果显示抗CD80mAb和抗CD86mAb均能显著抑制IL-4的表达水平, 尤其是抗CD86mAb对IL-4抑制作用尤为明显.抗CD40mAb和抗CD40LmAb也能影响Th2细胞因子的表达.其中以阻断CD40分子的作用更为显著.结果提示B7/CD28和CD40/CD40L共刺激信号可以调节Th1/Th2细胞因子的表达水平和调控Th1/Th2免疫偏移.干预B7/CD28和CD40/CD40L 介导的共刺激信号调控Th1/Th2免疫偏移有可能是一种控制血吸虫卵肉芽肿病变新型的免疫治疗途径.     

Th17细胞调节宿主免疫应答功能研究进展

T细胞诱导的特异性免疫应答是机体血液淋巴细胞特异性免疫应答的重要组成部分,Th17细胞作为第3类因子可区分于体液中其他辅助T细胞.基于此,论述了Th17细胞系在对抗胞外寄生和胞内寄生细菌以及真菌感染中的作用.一系列研究表明,Th17细胞系能够紧密联系固有免疫和特异性免疫,使机体产生强烈的感染炎症反应.Th17细胞系既能...     

热敏灸对人体免疫失衡影响的实验研究

募集17名受试者,随机分为对照组和热敏灸组,进行一周的高强度集训.期间,对照组每天运动后进行20 min的推拿按摩,热敏灸组每天运动后在双侧足三里处实施20 min的热敏灸治疗.采用ELISA法测定两组受试者集训前、末次训练后2 h与末次训练后3 d肘正中静脉血IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-12、IL-10、IL-12p40的含量;在热敏灸足三里治疗过程中,采集受试者红外热成像图形,分析热敏灸对穴位周围温度的影响.结果发现,热敏灸疗法可通过温热刺激和红外辐射等方式刺激穴位,提高IFN-γ/IL-4比值,调节IL-12及其抑制剂IL-10与IL-12p40的分泌,促进Th1细胞的分化过程,从而纠正过度疲劳所致的Th1/Th2失衡状态.     

类风湿性关节炎患者血清Th17/Treg细胞变化特征

目的探讨类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者血清中Th17/Treg细胞变化特征,并对其与DAS28评分的相关性进行研究,为RA的靶向治疗提供新的科学依据.方法选取RA患者40例作为观察组,30例健康者作为对照组.应用流式细胞术检测两组血清中Th17/Treg细胞水平,两组间比较采用t检验;采用DAS28评分评估患者的病情,各变量间的相关性采用Pearson相关性分析.结果观察组血清中的Th17水平明显高于对照组,Treg水平明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);观察组Th17水平与DAS28评分呈明显正相关,Treg水平与DAS28评分呈明显负相关.结论 Th17在RA的发病过程中起着重要作用,Th17水平与疾病的严重性密切相关,临床上可指导疾病的预测和靶向治疗.     

Development of Th1-type immune responses requires the type I cytokine receptor TCCR

On antigen challenge, T-helper cells differentiate into two functionally distinct subsets, Th1 and Th2, characterized by the different effector cytokines that they secrete. Th1 cells produce interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lymphotoxin-beta, which mediate pro-inflammatory functions critical for the development of cell-mediated immune responses, whereas Th2 cells secrete cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 that enhance humoral immunity. This process of T-helper cell differentiation is tightly regulated by cytokines. Here we report a new member of the type I cytokine receptor family, designated T-cell cytokine receptor (TCCR). When challenged in vivo with protein antigen, TCCR-deficient mice had impaired Th1 response as measured by IFN-gamma production. TCCR-deficient mice also had increased susceptibility to infection with an intracellular pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. In addition, levels of antigen-specific immunoglobulin-gamma2a, which are dependent on Th1 cells, were markedly reduced in these mice. Our results demonstrate the existence of a new cytokine receptor involved in regulating the adaptive immune response and critical to the generation of a Th1 response.     

STAT1 signaling is required for optimal Th1 cell differentiation in mice

Although IFN-γ alone does not prime type I T helper cell (Th1) differentiation, the loss of IFN-γ signaling leads to impaired Th1 phenotype: IFN-γ receptor-deficient (Ifngr-/-) Th1 cells fail to permanently repress IL-4 expression. They can differentiate into IL-4-producing cells under Th2-inducing conditions. These observations suggest that IFN-γ signaling plays a critical role in si- lencing Il4 gene in Th1 cells and stabilizing Th1 phenotype. IFN-γ signaling has been further shown to inhibit IL-4 express...     

添加稀土元素Th对固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)Fe_2O_3的改性研究

本文用0.25mol·L1的H2SO4和不同浓度的Th(NO3)4的混合液浸渍Fe2O3,经过滤、干燥、焙烧制得了含钍固体超强酸SO24FeThO,发现其异丙醇脱水催化活性显著提高,并用水作吸附分子对其进行了差动热分析研究,结果表明其脱附终止温度得到了提高.红外光谱表明,钍的加入使SO24FeThO超强酸表面硫酸根最高吸收峰发生红移.     

Th1-specific cell surface protein Tim-3 regulates macrophage activation and severity of an autoimmune disease

Activation of naive CD4(+) T-helper cells results in the development of at least two distinct effector populations, Th1 and Th2 cells. Th1 cells produce cytokines (interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and lymphotoxin) that are commonly associated with cell-mediated immune responses against intracellular pathogens, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, and induction of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Th2 cells produce cytokines (IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13) that are crucial for control of extracellular helminthic infections and promote atopic and allergic diseases. Although much is known about the functions of these two subsets of T-helper cells, there are few known surface molecules that distinguish between them. We report here the identification and characterization of a transmembrane protein, Tim-3, which contains an immunoglobulin and a mucin-like domain and is expressed on differentiated Th1 cells. In vivo administration of antibody to Tim-3 enhances the clinical and pathological severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a Th1-dependent autoimmune disease, and increases the number and activation level of macrophages. Tim-3 may have an important role in the induction of autoimmune diseases by regulating macrophage activation and/or function.     

Export of particulate organic carbon estimated from234Th-238U disequilibria and its temporal variation in the South China Sea

Activities of²³⁴Th and nutrient concentrations in the upper 500 m water column were measured at a time-series station in the South China Sea over a time span of 12.3 d. Results showed a reduction of dissolved²³⁴Th and an overall increase of particulate²³⁴Th during the period. Meanwhile, activities of total²³⁴Th kept fairly constant, implying rapid transformation of²³⁴Th between the dissolved and particulate forms. Vertical profiles of total²³⁴Th showed evident deficit of²³⁴Th relative to²³⁸U in the upper 500 m water column. Using an irreversible steady-state model of thorium scavenging, export fluxes of particulate organic carbon (POC) corresponding to time pointsT ₁ andT ₂ were estimated to be 46.5 and 13.1 mmolC · m⁻² · d⁻¹. It was demonstrated that the estimation of POC export was greatly dependent on the POC/²³⁴Th_P ratios and the bias caused by the different models of²³⁴Th scavenging, however, was considered to be of minor importance.