一种通用的合成多刺状的银@金和银@金@银纳米结构的方法用于提高表面增强拉曼的活性

利用简单的湿化学方法制备出多刺状的银@金和银@金@银纳米结构作为高活性的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底.使用不同形状的银纳米结构(纳米球、纳米棒和纳米片)作为前躯体来合成银@金和银@金@银纳米结构,其形状相似但具有不同刺状表面的两种纳米材料.它们的形貌、组成、光学性质和SERS活性分别用过扫描电镜、元素分析、紫外可见吸收光谱和拉曼光谱进行表征.这些刺状结构在可见光区域具有宽的较强的吸收峰且具有较高的SERS活性.用结晶紫(CV)作为探针分子,所有不同形貌的刺状银@金@银复合物比相应银@金结构的SRES信号大大提高.在这些纳米材料中,以纳米球为前躯体的刺状的银@金@银纳米球具有最强的增强能力,用SERS来检测CV时的最低检测浓度为1×10-10mol/L.该合成方法具有成本低廉,操作简单,产率高等优点,可以用来制备各种刺状的金、银结构,在SERS、催化、光学等等领域具有更好的应用前景.     

内标化SERS探针检测磷脂双层膜中药物释放研究初探

本研究设计合成了一种核-壳结构内标化表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)探针,并用于磷脂双层膜中药物释放研究.该SERS探针中,拉曼报告分子包裹在金纳米球和金纳米壳层中间,金纳米壳层将报告分子与外部环境隔开,确保了信号稳定性.同时,金纳米壳外层裸露,可以用于待测分子的SERS传感.进一步在内标化SERS探针表面包裹以磷脂双分子层,以二乙基硫醛三碳菁化碘(DTTC)作为模型药物,构建探针标记脂质体纳米结构,并进行细胞标记.通过检测探针内标和DTTC拉曼信号的比率变化,可以反映细胞内纳米药物的释放行为.所建立的比率方法有效消除了拉曼测试仪器本身误差的影响,为药物的体内检测提供了一种新的检测方法.     

粗糙化金纳米棒SERS探针用于生物成像研究

金纳米棒(AuNR)是制备近红外表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)探针最为经典的纳米材料,但存在拉曼信号增强能力弱等缺点.本研究通过在巯基-聚乙二醇修饰的AuNR表面原位还原、生长金纳米颗粒的方法,制备了一种新型的表面粗糙化金纳米棒(R-AuNR),并以此构建SERS纳米探针用于生物成像研究.金纳米颗粒的生长使Au NR表面生成了大量的纳米间隙(即"热点"区域),提高了AuNR表面粗糙度,因此其SERS增强能力显著提高.基于R-AuNR的SERS探针的灵敏度较基于Au NR的探针提高2～8倍,细胞与活体小鼠的成像实验表明R-AuNR SERS探针具有很好的生物成像能力.     

均匀表面增强活性基底上孔雀石绿的SERS

利用自组装技术将50nm的纳米金吸附到修饰了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）的玻片上,制备得到牢固的SERS活性基底．扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对其表面粒子形貌表征表明：形成了有序的单层吸附的纳米金粒子膜,无明显团聚现象．结合Ramanmapping技术,以孔雀石绿这一禁用兽药为探针分子,观察了基底表面的SERS信号分布,计算得到各点信号的相对标准偏差低于10％．基底在水溶液中浸泡48h后,仍能保持较好的稳定性和高的SERS活性．结果表明：该基底制备简单,均匀性和重现性好,在水溶液中稳定性高,对孔雀石绿的检测限可达5×10^-9mol·L^-1.     

有序金纳米阵列的可控制备及其表面增强拉曼光谱

介绍了一种大面积规则有序、结构可控、灵敏度高、稳定性良好、制备方法简单且易操作的表面增强拉曼散射(surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS) 活性基底. 以阳极氧化铝(anodic aluminum oxide, AAO) 模板一次氧化后形成的有序凹坑阵列为模板, 采用真空镀膜技术, 制备了有序的金纳米帽阵列SERS 活性基底, 并以罗丹明6G (Rhodamine 6G , R6G) 为探针分子, 测试和分析了该SERS 活性基底的表面增强拉曼光谱的特性. 结果表明, 这种SERS 活性基底对罗丹明6G 的拉曼散射信号可达到10⁷, 具有较好的增强作用. 该纳米帽阵列结构在1 363 cm⁻¹处的增强效果是相同厚度的普通金膜的7 倍, 且稳定性良好, 并且在放置6 个月之后, 其增强效果基本不变, 可用于化学物质和生物分子的痕量分析.     

基于植酸胶束制备纳米金及其SERS特性研究

在溶液中用替换法合成稳定的拉曼信号较强的金纳米粒子,即首先以植酸为稳定剂和控型剂,用柠檬酸三钠还原硝酸银合成银纳米粒子,再利用银纳米粒子还原氯金酸,在水溶液中制备金纳米粒子.采用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、能量散射光谱(EDX)对金纳米粒子的光学性质及形貌结构进行了表征,实验表明合成的金纳米粒子结构均一、分散性好.以罗丹明6G为探针分子,研究了金纳米粒子作为基底的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)效应,结果表明:这种金纳米粒子具有SERS信号强、检测限低、稳定性强等优点.     

铜片-纳米金表面增强拉曼基底的制备及检测应用

SERS因灵敏度高、制样简便等优势,在食品安全、环境监测等方面应用潜力巨大.SERS技术实现商业化的关键在于如何低价、简便、快速得到重现性良好、可多次循环使用的SERS基底.针对这一难题,开发了一种利用廉价铜片原位还原制备SERS基底的简便新方法.经硝酸处理的铜片原位还原氯金酸,生成的纳米金则覆盖于铜片表面.经检测,所制得的铜片-纳米金基底(Cu F-Au NPs)表面粗糙度均一.利用该基底检测不同浓度的罗丹明B(RHb),实验结果显示浓度和SERS峰强度满足关系y=1 492x+12 435,R~2=0.995,检测下限达到1×10~(-8),mol/L,表明该Cu F-AuNPs基底可用于目标物的定性及定量检测.选取1×10~(-6),mol/L的RHb样品4次循环检测,结果表明该工艺条件下制备得到的CuF-AuNPs基底具有良好的重现性.     

金纳米棒的制备及其表面增强拉曼活性研究

采用种子生长法制备不同长径比金纳米棒,通过单一调控AgNO_3的用量制备了长度为(80±18)nm、长径比为2.1~4.0、长轴表面等离子体共振吸收波长为600~900 nm的金纳米棒;研究AgNO_3诱导生长剂对金纳米棒的影响,探讨金纳米棒的生长机理.以对巯基苯胺作为探针分子,运用拉曼光谱对不同长径比金纳米棒的表面增强拉曼活性进行研究.结果表明,吸收波长为790 nm的金纳米棒的表面增强拉曼活性最强,这主要是因为拉曼光谱仪的激发波长与金纳米棒的长轴表面等离子体共振吸收波长实现匹配.该研究成果为不同长径比金纳米棒的SERS活性研究提供了重要的理论基础.     

Fe3 O4＠SiO2／Ag纳米复合物的制备及其对RhB的痕量检测

在Fe_3O_4存在下,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂和还原剂,利用简单的一步法制备了Fe_3O_4@SiO_2/Ag纳米复合材料。所制得的Fe_3O_4@SiO_2/Ag纳米复合物对罗丹明B(RhB)具有较好的表面拉曼光谱增强(SERS)效果,可以用作SERS基底。二氧化硅作为贵金属Ag纳米颗粒的载体,不仅可以起到分散贵金属的作用,还可以稳定金属相,更好地吸附RhB,使SERS效应得以稳定,可用于痕量检测,其检测极限可达1×10~(-12)mol/L。此外,该材料具有较好的磁性,方便回收再利用。该复合材料制备方法简便易行、条件温和,为合成其他纳米复合材料提供了启示。     

基于反应体系的表面增强拉曼光谱快速检测乙基麦芽酚

以铁离子(Fe~(3+))为媒介,鞣酸还原氯金酸制备的金纳米粒子(Au NPs)作为表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底,实现比色-散射光谱双响应,快速鉴别食品中的乙基麦芽酚.其中比色法中,对乙基麦芽酚的检测限为0.50 mg·mL~(-1).SERS检测中,利用Fe~(3+)和乙基麦芽酚的络合作用,乙基麦芽酚的最低检测限降低到0.01 mg·mL~(-1),线性范围为0.05～1.00 mg·mL~(-1).该方法使用的仪器简单,操作方便,可对样品中的乙基麦芽酚进行现场直接测定.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.