坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)叶状体细胞对4种有机溶剂的敏感性比较

分析了坛紫菜叶状体细胞对甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、1，3-丙二醇等4种有机溶剂的敏感性．结果表明：体细胞对1，3-丙二醇敏感．在实验最低剂量(0．2μL／mL)下对紫菜体细胞就表现出较强的致死作用；对甲醇有较强的耐受性．在最高的1．0μL／mL处理浓度组．生长发育状况与对照组无明显差别；乙醇在浓度高于0.6μL／mL时强烈抑制体细胞的分裂；异丙醇随着浓度的升高表现出使体细胞向细胞团方向分化．而叶状体的形成则受到抑制．本实验结果表明．在用外源化合物处理紫菜叶状体细胞时．甲醇在1．0μL／mL浓度范围内可作为合适的有机溶剂。     

醇-水-氯化锂体系汽液平衡

用改进的Othmer汽液平衡鉴定了0．1MPa下乙醇／异丙醇／正丙醇－水－氯化锂体系在不同恒盐摩尔分率下的汽液平衡数据，并用Mock模型、Sander模型、Macedo模型和Kikic模型对实验数据进行了关联，结果良好。     

油酸对延边黄牛前脂肪细胞分化过程的影响

为研究油酸对延边黄牛前脂肪细胞的分化过程的影响,无菌条件下从延边黄牛皮下脂肪组织中分离获得原代脂肪细胞,并进行传代,在培养基中加入100μmol/L的油酸诱导其分化,并分别在0、48h、96h、144h时观察其细胞形态,油红O染色效果,并检测其甘油三酯含量及与分化相关的主要转录因子PPARγ、SREBP1、LPL及C/EBPβ基因表达量的变化等。结果表明,加入油酸后48h便可观察到前脂肪细胞中有脂滴出现,随着处理时间的延长,脂滴数量明显增多,形状变大,且甘油三酯含量也随着处理天数的增加而升高,PPARγ和LPL基因的相对表达量在处理后均高于处理前,SREBP1的表达量在处理后随着处理时间增加先升后降,而C/EBPβ基因的表达量则在添加油酸后不断下降,在处理144h时达到最低。说明油酸在延边黄牛脂肪细胞的分化过程中对脂滴形成、甘油三酯含量及主要转录因子表达有着重要的调节作用。     

大鼠肝癌变的启动、促进、发展和癌形成多阶段中癌基因原位表达的动态观察

用原位分子杂交方法动态观察Ｓｏｌｔ－Ｆａｒｂｅｒ模型实验大鼠肝癌发生的启动、促进、发展，癌形成各阶段ｃ－ｍｙｃ，Ｎ－ｒａｓ的表达及其与病理改变及γ－ＧＴ酶表达的关系。结果，这两种癌基因在促癌阶段出现高表达，继而略下降，诱癌中期以后随增生结节的发展和癌的形成呈增加的趋势，与γ－ＧＴ酶的表达有一定的吻合性。诱癌中晚期ｃ－ｍｙｃ，Ｎ－ｒａｓ的表达增高与癌变关系密切。结果表明，ｃ－ｍｙｃ和Ｎ－ｒａｓ在肝癌的发生中有协同作用，从分子水平进一步证实肝细胞增生结节与肝细胞癌变关系密切。     

γTNFβ体外杀伤肿瘤细胞的研究

用ＭＰＧ吸附层析法所制备的ＨｕＩＦＮ－γ／ＨｕＴＮＦβ重组双功能杂交蛋白（简称γＴＮＦβ）［１］去处理人宫颈癌细胞株ＭＥ１８０、胃癌细胞株７９０１和肺癌细胞株Ｇ６，结果表明此杂交蛋白对这三个细胞株都有明显的杀伤作用，其杀伤率显著高于同剂量的ＩＦＮ－γ或ＴＮＦ－β；用３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法观察γＴＮＦβ在不同时间、不同剂量条件下对Ｇ６的增殖抑制，可得到同样的结论。用γＴＮＦβ与丝裂霉素Ｃ（Ｍｉｔｏ－Ｃ）一起处理胃癌７９０１细胞，结果表明在Ｍｉｔｏ－Ｃ１．０μｇ／ｍＬ浓度以下、γＴＮＦβ５０ｕ／ｍＬ浓度以下，两者具有良好的抑病协同效应。用γＴＮＦβ处理胃癌、肺癌细胞以及ｙγＴＮＦβ与化学细胞毒性药物协同抑癌尚未见有报道。本文的结果为深入研究γＴＮＦβ可能具有更有效的抗癌效应提供了实验依据。     

油酸诱导花鲈肝细胞脂肪沉积模型的建立及二甲双胍对脂肪沉积的影响

为研究鱼类脂肪肝的发生机制及控制方法,以及研究二甲双胍对花鲈肝细胞脂肪沉积的缓解作用,以花鲈原代肝细胞为研究对象,通过油酸诱导的方法建立肝细胞脂肪沉积模型,用不同浓度的油酸(0、0. 2、0. 4、0. 8 mmol/L)培养花鲈原代肝细胞,并测定细胞内甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)及上清液谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平,确定油酸适宜浓度。同时,利用此模型观察二甲双胍对脂肪沉积的影响。研究结果显示:0. 4 mmol/L油酸诱导培养肝细胞48 h,肝细胞TG及TC含量显著高于对照组,上清液AST、ALT与LDH活性显著高于对照组,细胞内有明显脂肪滴,且此时肝细胞存活率较高,肝细胞变形较多。在此基础上,观察研究二甲双胍对花鲈肝细胞脂肪沉积的影响,设对照组、油酸和二甲双胍组,培养肝细胞48 h,收集细胞和上清液。结果显示,二甲双胍可显著降低肝细胞TG、TC的含量,以及上清液AST、ALT与LDH的活性。综上所述,用含0. 4 mmol/L油酸培养基培养肝细胞48 h可建立肝细胞脂肪沉积模型,二甲双胍可缓解油酸引起的肝细胞脂肪沉积。     

镍负载量对自然转化催化剂Ni／γ—Al2O3性能的影响

利用常压固定床微反－色谱联装置、Ｘ－射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）以及程序升温还原等分析手段,考察了镍负载量对自热转化催化剂Ｎｉ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的活性和还原性能的影响。实验结果表明,对于１０００℃下焙烧的模型催化剂Ｎｉ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３,用ＸＲＤ检测均未发现ＮｉＯ（２００）特征峰;而当镍含量达到８．１％时,ＸＲＤ可检测到以尖晶石形式存在的镍。模型催化剂中ＮｉＡｌ２Ｏ４的还原性能低于ＮｉＯ。催化剂中镍的负载量在一     

副交感神经节细胞5─羟色胺去极化反应的离子基础

使用离体细胞内记录，研究了猫副交感性胰腺神经节细胞的５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）去极化反应及其离子基础。５－ＨＴ使大部份细胞（４７／５１）产生去极化反应。反应只有两种类型：快去极化（６／４７）及慢去极化（３５／４７），另有６个细胞出现先快、后慢的双相去极化反应；５－ＨＴ导致的快去极化伴有膜电阻减小，向细胞内通以超极化直流电形成条件性膜超极时其幅度增大，提示Ｎａ＋导增大是其离子基础；５－ＨＴ导致的不同细胞的慢去极化分别伴随膜电阻增大、减小或不变，条件性膜超极时其幅度分别增大或不变，提示不是单一离子、而是多种离子参与其形成。分别用低Ｎａ＋、高Ｋ＋溶液灌注神经节，５－ＨＴ慢去极化均明显减小，而低Ｃｌ－溶液则无明显效应，表明Ｎａ＋导增大和／或Ｋ＋导减少是５－ＨＴ慢去极化的离子基础。     

副交感神经节细胞5─羟色胺去极化反应的离子基础

使用离体细胞内记录，研究了猫副交感性胰腺神经节细胞的５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）去极化反应及其离子基础。５－ＨＴ使大部份细胞（４７／５１）产生去极化反应。反应只有两种类型：快去极化（６／４７）及慢去极化（３５／４７），另有６个细胞出现先快、后慢的双相去极化反应；５－ＨＴ导致的快去极化伴有膜电阻减小，向细胞内通以超极化直流电形成条件性膜超极时其幅度增大，提示Ｎａ＋导增大是其离子基础；５－ＨＴ导致的不同细胞的慢去极化分别伴随膜电阻增大、减小或不变，条件性膜超极时其幅度分别增大或不变，提示不是单一离子、而是多种离子参与其形成。分别用低Ｎａ＋、高Ｋ＋溶液灌注神经节，５－ＨＴ慢去极化均明显减小，而低Ｃｌ－溶液则无明显效应，表明Ｎａ＋导增大和／或Ｋ＋导减少是５－ＨＴ慢去极化的离子基础。     

金花茶叶水提物的降脂功能试验研究

用高脂饲料喂养Wistar大鼠15d,造成大鼠高血脂症模型,然后分别灌胃(ig)给予金花茶叶水提物每天0．8,0．4,0．2g／kg,以临床降血脂药物洛伐他汀(0．01g／kg)为阳性对照．灌胃实验第43天后取血清测定总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL—C)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL—C)．结果金花茶叶水提物高、中剂量组均能降低高血脂症模型大鼠血清中TC、TG和LDL—C含量,效果与阳性对照药洛伐他汀相当,与高脂对照组比较,经t检验,差异均有显著性意义;高剂量组和洛伐他汀还能升高高血脂症模型大鼠血清中HDL—C含量．表明金花茶叶水提物具有明显的降血脂作用．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to