烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

法治现代化建设思路新探--对人治现象经济学分析引起的反思

江泽民同志在党的十六大报告中明确指出，依法治国和以德治国相辅相成，实行依法治国和以德治国相结合是建设有中国特色社会主义必须坚持的十条基本经验之一；从而进一步强调“依法治国”的重要性，并把“以德治国”置于同等重要地位。要探索社会主义法治建设的新思路就必须在对古代社会人治现象进行经济学分析的基础之上，在肯定法治是历史必然的前提下，对中国社会转型期的法治现代化建设进行成本分析，进而实现“德治”和“法治”共同发展，以降低法治建设的成本。     

不同处理方式对鲢鱼鱼肉蛋白乳化性的影响

以鲢鱼鱼肉为原料,研究了超声波、微波、加热处理对鲢鱼鱼肉蛋白溶解性的影响.结果表明:蛋白的乳化性及乳化稳定性随加热温度的升高、微波和超声功率的增大及时间的延长均呈现先增大后减小的趋势.与室温下的蛋白相比,35℃加热9 min时的蛋白乳化性提高了36.79%,乳化稳定性在7 min、35℃时提高了14.2%;与未经微波处理的蛋白相比,微波功率100 W、40s时,乳化性提高了1.35倍,乳化稳定性在100 W、30 s时提高了15.85%;与未经超声处理的蛋白相比,乳化性在超声功率160 W,超声时间10 min时提高了56.7%,乳化稳定性在200 W、15 min时提高了9.85%.     

论合同一般法定解除权行使事由的完善

我国合同法94条规定了4项一般合同法定解除权的事由.第一项因不可抗力而解除,第二项因预 期违约而解除,第三项因迟延履行而解除,第四项因根本违约而解除。此条立法很好地表现了我国合同法博采 世界先进立法经验的现象,有海纳百川之势。因不可抗力而解除和因根本违约而解除的立法较为科学,因预期 违约而解除的立法则与合同法中已有的条文相冲突,因迟延履行而解除的立法也存在许多不完善之处。笔者旨 在对因预期违约而解除和因迟延履行而解除的立法进行分析、梳理,并提出一些完善的建议,以抛砖引玉。     

瑞香狼毒根提取物对菜粉蝶幼虫的触杀作用

采用点滴法就瑞香狼毒（Stellera chameajasme L.)根乙醇提取物（简称SCEE）对菜粉蝶（Pieris rapae L.）不同虫态的触杀作用进行了测定,采用波特喷雾法就SCEE对菜粉蝶幼虫的毒杀作用的进行了测定,彩注射法就SCEE对菜粉蝶5龄幼虫的毒杀作用进行了测定,结果表明：SCEE对菜粉蝶卵,幼虫,预蛹和蛹的触杀作用差,SCEE对菜粉蝶幼虫的毒杀作用较强（波特喷雾法）,SCEE对菜粉蝶5龄幼虫的毒杀作用强（注射法）。     

反应性单体改性PP/PS共混物的增容作用

制备了聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯(PP/PS)共混物和反应性单体苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸(AA)及其混合单体改性PP/PS共混物,用扫描电镜(SEM)、偏光显微镜(POM)和动态黏弹谱仪(DMA)研究了反应性单体改性PP/PS共混物的相形态与动态力学行为.结果表明反应性单体St存在增容作用,促进PS在PP中的分散,使分散相PS的粒子尺寸减小.反应性单体AA存在明显的异相成核作用,使PP的球晶尺寸降低.St改性共混物的增容作用比AA改性共混物的明显,而AA改性共混物的异相成核作用比St改性的大.     

生姜提取物的防污活性研究

以翡翠贻贝(Perna viridisLinnaeus)足部收缩实验和白脊藤壶(Balanus albicostatasPilsbry)金星幼体附着抑制实验检测了生姜(Zingiber officinaleRoscoe)不同组分的防污活性.实验结果表明,在翡翠贻贝足部收缩实验中,生姜的六种提取物防污活性高低及其与硫酸铜的防污活性比较结果如下:乙醇冷提组分=乙醇热提组分>乙酸乙酯热提组分>乙酸乙酯冷提组分>硫酸铜>水冷提组分>水热提组分;在白脊藤壶金星幼体附着抑制实验中,生姜的六种提取物的防污活性高低排序如下:乙醇热提组分>乙醇冷提组分>乙酸乙酯冷提组分>乙酸乙酯热提组分>水冷提组分>水热提组分.本研究结果表明生姜的乙醇冷提组分、乙醇热提组分、乙酸乙酯冷提组分和乙酸乙酯热提组分均具有较高的防污活性,揭示了生姜在海洋防污中有很大的应用和发展潜力,为寻找新型的环保型海洋防污材料以及进一步研究提供了理论依据.     

成本价格变化对露天煤矿最终境界的影响

基于经济合理剥采比准则以及地表模型和柱状煤层模型,应用CoalDesign软件系统对内蒙古某露天煤矿进行最终境界设计,得出了不同经济技术条件下的最终境界的形态.分析讨论了最终境界随成本价格变化的情况.实践表明,以当前技术经济参数为基准,原煤价格上升10%,原煤开采量增加79%,岩石剥离量增加115%,第四纪层剥离量增加6%,境界总体积增大95%,不考虑基建投资,利润值增加238%;开采成本降低10%,原煤开采量增加84%,岩石剥离量增加123%,第四纪层剥离量增加65%,境界总体积增大102%,不考虑基建投资,利润值增加245%.可以看出最终境界对成本价格的灵敏度很高,境界分析对矿山生产决策者做出正确决定有重要的参考价值.     

试析新闻标题中的悬念

近年来，新闻标题开始大胆地运用“悬念”。而这一技巧的表达，主要有7种方式一是利用“互相矛盾”的现象，制造标题的悬念；二是运用违反常理的手法，采用逆向思维，制造悬念；三是“映衬”，制造悬念；四是利用比喻、比拟修辞手法，制造悬念；五是巧用标点符号，制造悬念；六是凭借设问，制造悬念；七是采取其他方式，制造悬念。     

舟山港船舶溢油事故风险评估研究

国内海上油运的迅速发展将导致船舶溢油事故风险逐年增大,科学的船舶溢油事故风险评估作为船舶溢油事故防控工作的重要方面也越来越受到重视。通过对我国以往船舶溢油事故的综合分析,借助国内外溢油事故数据和科学的评估方法,对舟山港的溢油事故发生概率和溢油量进行了预测和评估。得出的结论和建议将为船舶溢油事故应急能力建设提供参考和初步依据。     

从文献计量看科学基金在科学研究工作中的作用

近年来我国实行的科学基金制度,对科学研究工作起到的推动作用已在多方面得到反映。从论文发表的几个方面论证了科学基金的作用:(1)近五年基金论文数;(2)近五年国家自然科学基金论文数;(3)基金论文的学科分布;(4)基金论文的机构分布;基金论文数居前的10个单位的排序;(5)基金论文的地区分布;(6)高产作者的基金论文数;(7)热点研究的基金论文;(8)基金论文比例最高的期刊排序。