甲醛和三丁基锡对方斑东风螺幼体的急性毒性实验

在水温28.4~30.4℃的条件下,分别研究了甲醛、三丁基锡对方斑东风螺幼体的急性毒性影响,实验结果表明,甲醛对方斑东风螺幼体24,48,72,96 h的LC50(半致死质量浓度)分别为25.716,8.973,3.089,2.830 mg.L-1;三丁基锡对方斑东风螺幼体24,48,72,96 h的LC50分别为25.142,16.986,7.130,5.468μg.L-1.估算得到甲醛、三丁基锡对方斑东风螺幼体的安全质量浓度分别为0.283 mg.L-1,0.547μg.L-1.     

动态液相微萃取-气相色谱法测自来水中挥发性卤代烃

应用动态液相微萃取-气相色谱联用技术建立了自来水中挥发性卤代烃(四氯化碳、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯)的快速分析方法.考察了萃取溶剂、溶剂体积、萃取次数、水样pH值和离子强度对液相微萃取的影响.该方法三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯的线性范围为10～50μg·L-1,四氯化碳的线性范围5.0～60μg·L-1,回收率80.2%～104.0%,相对标准偏差为2.6%～7.2%,检出限0.5～4.7μg·L-2.     

分散液相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水样中的多溴联苯醚

建立分散液相微萃取(DLLME)与气相色谱电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)联用技术快速测定水样中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的新方法。考察萃取剂和分散剂的种类、萃取剂用量、分散剂用量、萃取时间和离子强度等因素对目标物萃取效率和富集因子的影响。用单因素实验进行优化,得到最佳萃取条件为:1.0 mL丙酮作分散剂,30μL四氯乙烷作萃取剂,萃取时间为5 min,不加盐(NaCl)。在最佳萃取条件下,该方法溶液质量浓度的线性范围为0.1~50μg/L(线性相关系数r2=0.998 3),相对标准偏差为8.6%,检出限为15.2 ng/L(信噪比为3)。将该方法用于生活污水和海水的分析检测,均检出4,4’-二溴联苯醚(BDE-15),平均加标回收率分别为93.5%和92.5%,相对标准偏差分别为9.3%和7.9%。该方法可对水样中痕量多溴联苯醚进行快速准确检测,结果令人满意。     

微萃取原子吸收法检测水中微量铬

采用分散液液微萃取分离技术结合火焰原子吸收法,提出了一种新的环境水样中痕量铬的检测方法。用吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵做螯合剂,四氯化碳做萃取剂,乙醇做分散剂。选定并优化了萃取的影响参数。这些参数包括萃取剂和分散剂的类型以及它们的体积、萃取时间、酸碱度和螯合剂的用量等等。通过条件优化,Cr(Ⅵ)和总铬富集率分别达到270和259。校准曲线在1～50μg.L-1的浓度范围内呈线性,Cr(Ⅵ)和总铬的检出限分别为0.12和0.15μg.L-1,相对标准偏差分别为2.1%和2.7%。(N=5)该法简便快速,用于自来水、井水和河水中铬的形态分析,结果较满意。     

罗丹明B-硫氰酸钾共振光散射测定三苯基锡

酸性介质中,三苯基锡化合物与硫氰酸钾和罗丹明B相互作用会产生共振光散射(RLS)增强信号,在250~500 nm波长范围内有两个散射峰,分别位于329.2 nm和370 nm处,其中最大散射峰位于329.2 nm处.考察适宜的反应条件和影响因素,在最佳条件下,329.2 nm处增强的RLS强度与三苯基锡(TPhT)的浓度呈线性关系.用于三苯基锡化合物的测定,检测限为5.2μg.L-1.方法用于实际水样的测定,回收率为95.8%~107.5%.     

温控离子液体-分散液液微萃取分析环境水样中的有机磷农药

建立基于温控离子液体-分散液液微萃取和高效液相色谱-紫外检测联用的环境水样中痕量有机磷农药的分析检测方法.在优化的萃取条件下,不同环境水样中4种有机磷农药在2～500 μg·L-1浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系(R2＞0.994 3),检测限(s/n=3)为0.l～0.3μg·L-1,相对标准偏差为1.0％～6.3％;加...     

自动固相微萃取-气相色谱法检测水样中壬基酚

利用气相色谱仪器上的自动固相微萃取平台,建立了自动固相微萃取-气相色谱(SPME-GC)联用测定水样中壬基酚的分析方法。对SPME的条件如萃取纤维涂层、萃取时间、解吸时间、离子强度等条件进行了优化,并用于珠江水样和造纸工业废水等实际水样的分析。该方法的检测限为2.0μg/L,线性范围为5.0~100μg/L,线性相关系数为0.997 3,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.3%(n=5),回收率为83.2%~106.4%。     

贵阳市水环境中6种酞酸酯类污染现状研究

为了解贵阳市水环境中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的污染情况,对贵阳市部分水样进行了气相色谱分析。每个采样点均检出邻苯二甲酸酯类物质,其中所有的采样点均检出邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP),最高含量分别为13.9μg.L-1和31.6μg.L-1。7个采样点检出邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP),最高含量为25.9μg.L-1。部分采样点中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)也被检出。均未检出邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)。结果表明贵阳市水体中的酞酸酯类污染物目前以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯为主,并且污染比较严重。     

基于ABS塑料管为保护装置的S-LPME-HPLC测定水体中有机磷农药

用多孔的ABS塑料管水平放置的方式保护静态液相微萃取的一滴溶剂,并由此建立了静态液相微萃取与高效液相色谱联用测定水体中甲基对硫磷和对硫磷的分析方法.考察了萃取溶剂、萃取溶剂体积、萃取时间以及搅拌速度对液相微萃取的影响,并对HPLC操作条件进行了优化.该方法对2种有机磷农药的线性范围均为0.05~1.00μg·L-1,相关系数R为0.999 3~0.999 5,回收率为95.2%~102%,相对标准偏差(n=7)3.5%~6.8%,检出限(3S/N)0.01μg·L-1.结果表明:用该方法测定水体中有机磷农药残留是可行的.     

亲水作用毛细管电色谱分析苷类药物的研究

基于多面体寡聚硅倍半氧烷-甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯poly(POSS-MA-co-HEMA)有机硅胶杂化整体柱,建立典型苷类药物(连翘苷、豆腐果苷、紫丁香苷、天麻素)的亲水作用毛细管电色谱检测技术.考察流动相乙腈比例、缓冲液浓度、缓冲溶液p H值、分离电压和反压阀压力对四种苷类药物分离效果的影响,在最优条件下(流动相为2 mmol·L-1磷酸三乙胺缓冲液(乙腈体积分数为90%,p H=7.0),分离电压-8 k V、柱压力5.4MPa),4种苷类药物在10 min内得到了基线分离.连翘苷、豆腐果苷、紫丁香苷和天麻素线性范围分别为10~200、25~200、15~200和25~200μg·m L-1,检测限为1.5~8.0μg·m L-1.应用于血清模拟样品分析,平均回收率为95.6%~99.1%,相对标准偏差小于3.3%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.