热带气旋威力惊人

<正>每年4~1 2月,都可能有热带气旋登陆我国沿海地区,其中8~9月是它们最常"光临"的时候。对这种威力巨大的天气现象,你了解多少呢?热带气旋(Tropical Cyclone,TC)是在热带或副热带温暖洋面上生成的,具有暖心和低压结构的强烈、庞大而深厚的大气涡旋。其中的所谓"暧心",是指在它中心附近的高空中,出现的一个强的正温度距平区,主要由于暖湿空气上升、释放凝结潜热形成;而所谓"庞     

福州紫阳、厦门集美PM2.5的浓度分析及与天气类型的关系

该文利用2012年5月～9月福州紫阳、厦门集美两地PM2.5的监测数据,分析了福州、厦门PM2.5的变化情况与气象条件之间的关系.结果表明:福州、厦门PM2.5浓度变化趋势较为相似,浓度峰值出现的时段基本相同;在高压楔控制、副热带高压的边缘、台风低压东南侧的天气条件下,PM2.5浓度升高现象明显；受夏季副热带高压的控制、台风天气的影响,6～9月福州、厦门两地的PM2.5浓度均处于较低水平.     

0604号强热带风暴"碧丽斯"演变特征及灾害成因初步研究

0604号强热带风暴“碧丽斯”是一个怪异的热带气旋,具有“偏心结构”、外围风速远大于中心附近、登陆后残留低压长时间维持、登陆西行过程中引发华南和江南南部地区持续强降水等特点,强降水给南方六省(区)造成重大灾害。分析表明,风暴中心与北侧副热带高压之间的强气压梯度造成外围更大的梯度风,华南和江南南部地区持续性强降水是风暴残留低压与外围螺旋云带、季风云涌相互作用所致;而小流域洪水、泥石流等灾害正是由于持续性强降水所造成的。     

西太副高第一次北跳与其后热带气旋的关系

为了研究西太平洋副热带高压5-6月第一次季节性北跳和其之后的第一个热带气旋(TC)生成的关系,利用1980-2015年美国环境预报中心和美国大气研究中心500hPa高度场再分析资料和中国台风研究所发布的最佳路径台风数据,采用统计、气候检验、合成分析等方法进行分析。结果表明:在近2/3的年份里,副热带高压北跳后不到1周就有TC生成;其余年份在副热带高压北跳后,超过2周或更长的时间内无TC生成,而这些年份的气候背景相对比较复杂,但也有规律可循,即在强厄尔尼诺年,副热带高压北跳之后均无TC生成。副热带高压的合成指数显示:副热带高压北跳后无TC生成时,和副热带高压的强度偏强、位置偏南等因素有关;副热带高压北跳后有TC生成时,副热带高压的强度、位置与气候态平均值无明显差异,但脊线和南界5 880gpm等位势高度线在副热带高压北跳后均有明显北抬现象。     

中尺度冷涡切变暴雨多普勒雷达特征分析

利用天气形势场、物理量场、新一代雷达产品资料对2008年7月17日下午到夜里,豫北、鲁西、冀南地区出现的区域性暴雨天气进行多尺度诊断分析.分析结果显示:较弱的冷性低涡切变本身并不能造成强降水天气,当低涡东移遇副热带高压西北边缘较强暖湿气流时得到加强,在低涡东侧副热带高压边缘切变上产生暴雨天气.冷涡暴雨低层有明显的东北气流冷垫,加强了其动力上升运动,水汽输送依赖于对流层中层的西南气流,中层水汽辐合非常明显.在新一代雷达产品图上显示:较稳定的大范围中等强度回波能产生较强降水.中低层风场为暖平流加辐合,有利于暴雨的形成,中低层较大的垂直风场切变给对流云的形成提供动能,有利于暴雨的产生.     

曲靖市冰雹天气特征分析

利用曲靖市2004～2007年5～8月的降雹及雹情资料以及EC客观场资料和地面实况资料,分析了曲靖市主要降雹区的冰雹时空分布特征和天气特征.结果表明:曲靖市冰雹灾害多是局地性的.6～7月份发生最多,其地理分布是北部多于南部,东部多于西部.造成曲靖市冰雹的天气形势可分为冷空气型,副热带高压外围气流型,热带低压外围气流型和低涡切变型.其中以冷空气型最多,低涡切变型最少.     

副热带太平洋海温异常对赤道海洋的影响

利用完全耦合的气候模式进行敏感性试验,定量研究副热带太平洋不同经度带的海表面温度异常(SSTA)对赤道太平洋的影响。研究发现,赤道表层和温跃层海温对副热带太平洋(20°—30°N)西部、中部和东部SSTA的热力响应是相当的。研究中强调大气海洋耦合在副热带SSTA影响赤道温跃层过程中的决定性作用,并提出一种间接的、较"海洋通道"机制更为快速的机制:副热带SSTA引发局地大气的气旋性响应,继而引起局地海洋内区的上升流和其面向赤道一侧海洋内区的下沉流,该下沉流造成的局部温跃层暖异常向着赤道传播,导致赤道温跃层增暖。     

保定一次夏季暴雨诊断分析

本文利用国家自动站观测资料、NCEP1°×1°资料、以及加密观测数据,对2018年7月15日夜间到16日白天的保定暴雨进行了诊断分析。结果表明:(1)高空槽和副热带高压的共同作用下形成此次暴雨。(2)本次暴雨主要是受低层切变线和地面辐合线而触发。(3)前期湿度的积累为暴雨的出现提供充足的水汽条件。(4)西南急流的出现进一步加强了降水的强度。     

厦门雷电分布特征及天气类型分析

采用2004～2008年厦门雷电观测和闪电定位资料,分析厦门雷电分布特征,结果表明：厦门雷电活动频繁。对同期相关环流形势和天气系统进行统计,结果表明产生雷闪的天气类型主要有高空槽类、副热带高压类和热带系统类等3类6型。     

加热过程对热带气旋生成的数值试验

用Pielke等的中尺度两维原始方程数值模式研究海气相互作用和其它非绝热加热过程对热带气旋生成的作用。进行了7种数值试验,即:(1)只考虑无云情况下的辐射加热作用;(2)考虑辐射加热和不均匀的云量效应;(3)只考虑海气交界面上的潜热和感热通量;(4)大尺度凝结、对流调整、辐射和洋面上潜热感热输送;(5)积云对流凝结加热和云天辐射;(6)积云对流凝结加热和洋面上的潜热感热通量;和(7)积云对流凝结加热、洋面上的潜热、感热通量和云天辐射等全部加热过程。 结果表明:积云对流凝结加热对热带气旋的生成起最重要的作用,大尺度凝结加热和对流调整趋于使低压填塞,而洋面上的潜热、感热通量也起不可缺少的作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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