基于行的整数小波变换图像压缩算法

为克服小波图像压缩中内存开销大的问题，提出一种基于行的图像压缩算法．该算法是在完成行向小波变换后以累进方式完成列向小波变换，降低了对存储容量的需求，在大数据量图像压缩上优势明显．针对基于行的特点，采用整数实现的提升格式代替传统的Mallat塔式算法，实现CDF9／7的双正交小波变换，减小了计算复杂度，加快了算法执行速度．实验表明，该算法在比特率为0．5bpp附近时，恢复图像的峰值信噪比均高于30dB．根据人眼视觉特性及小波变换特点对变换系数进行感觉量化，提高了压缩比，适用于超大图像或内存敏感的应用场合．     

基于双正交小波变换的彩色图像水印嵌入算法

基于传统小波变换的数字水印算法,提出一种基于双正交小波变换的彩色图像数字水印嵌入算法.算法利用双正交小波具有的良好分解和重构特性,对原始水印图像进行Arnold置乱后,将载体图像及水印图像分别进行2级和1级双正交小波变换.根据小波各频带系数之间的关系以及人类视觉系统掩蔽性,确定水印嵌入位置和强度,将置乱后的水印按照一定权重规则嵌入到载体相应的分解系数中,利用双正交小波逆变换得到含有水印的图像.仿真实验结果表明该算法不仅有较好的隐藏性,而且对于常见的操作攻击也表现出很强的鲁棒性.     

a尺度正交双向小波的Mallat算法

研究了a尺度正交双向小波的Mallat算法.引入了正交双向加细函数及a尺度正交双向小波的概念,在此基础上利用a尺度正交双向多分辨分析,得到了正交双向小波的分解与重构的Mallat算法,并给出其矩阵表示,推导了信号分解后完全重构的充要条件.该算法对于能量有限的离散信号的分解与重构有一定的实用价值.     

基于小波变换的静止图像编码探讨

离散小波变换（DWT）虽被广泛应用在图像压缩领域,但它无法实现真正意义上的无损图像编码,为解决此问题,提出基于提升框架的整数小波变换（IWT）,在IWT中应用最广的是内插双正交整数小波变换（IB—IWT）,IB—IWT能够实现压缩后图像的有损至无损渐进重构,以及具有无损感兴趣区域（ROI）的有损图像重建,而且具有很低的计算复杂度与很少的存储空间。     

基于小波提升分解的带钢表面缺陷检测

针对带钢表面缺陷的特点,提出了一种基于图像处理的快速检测方法.首先,通过分析小波的提升格式,确定了带钢图像的小波提升分解方法.其次,利用DB2小波对带钢图像进行二层提升分解.然后,选取二层水平细节和垂直细节子图进行图像融合.在此基础上,对融合图像进行标准化和维纳滤波.最后通过oust方差法进行分割从而实现对带钢表面缺陷的检测.实验表明,采用此方法能够有效抑制图像背景干扰,实现带钢缺陷的快速检测.     

提升格式与JPEG2000

以D9／7双正交小波变换为例，给出了从Mallat算法出发推导提升格式的详尽步骤。与Daubechies的推导相比，高通和低通滤波同时进行，而且保证每个环节都可以采用有限长度滤波器来实现。另外，JPEG2000给出的D9／7双正交小波变换提升格式中尺度因子的数值（ρ=1.23)与推导的结果（Daubechies推导的结果：ρ=1.1496）有出入，这表明JPEG2000所实现的小波变换与真正的D9／7双正交小波变换是有出入的。就图像编码而言，这种出入并未产生明显的影响。     

基于单层小波变换的加权压缩感知图像处理

针对简单正交基不能足够稀疏表示信号问题,提出了一种基于单层小波变换改进的加权压缩感知算法。根据图像小波变换的特点,对图像进行单层小波分解,保留低频系数,对高频系数进行测量;并提出设置加权系数矩阵,作用于信号小波正交变换后的高频稀疏系数,增强其系数的稀疏性,增强图像的重构质量;重构算法采用贪婪算法中的OMP算法。实验结果表明该算法对重构精度有进一步提高。     

分块自适应零树量化图像压缩算法研究

讨论了图像经过整数小波分解后的系数分布特性,针对现有的小波量化算法的不足之处,提出了一种基于整数小波变换的分块自适应零树量化图像压缩算法,进行预测编码,该算法硬件实现简单,可并行处理,计算结果表明,该算法优于现有的其他图像小波量化方法。     

一种采用矩阵分解的正交4抽头多小波无损压缩算法

针对4抽头多小波整数变换算法在图像无损压缩中加权熵较大的问题,提出了一种利用矩阵奇异值分解和三角分解的4抽头正交多小波整数变换算法.首先把多小波系数矩阵组成的右循环变换矩阵分解为两个块对角阵与一个置换阵之积,并对块对角阵中的块矩阵进行基本三角分解,其次对输入图像中的每一列依次与基本三角阵相乘,并对每一次相乘的结果进行取整运算,最后在输入图像列变换结果的基础上对每一行再重复上述对图像的列运算.因为在整个变换过程中该算法实现了原位计算,所以减少了运算的存储空间和运算时间.对CL、DGHM、SA4、SA4-1、SA4-2、SA4-3、OPTFR多小波的实验结果表明:相对于4抽头多小波Van Fleet算法,该算法对图像压缩的加权熵减少了1.9~2.8 b.     

一种离散小波变换的快速分解和重构算法

通过对实序列的快速傅里叶变换算法的推导及Mallat算法原理的分析，根据离散小波变换（DWT）算法结构特征，提出了一种离散小波变换的快速分解和重构算法；给出了相应的算法步骤，从数学理论上对该算法进行了论证。结果表明与原有的快速小波算法（Mallat算法）相比，可显著减少信号与滤波器长度N较大（大于16）时小波变换的实乘次数（分解仅为（5log2N 7)N次，重构仅为4N（1 log2N)次）提高了运算速度，且该算法有着良好的并行性，易于数字信号处理器（DSP）的快速实现。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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