国产高分遥感数据估算草地NPP

利用国产卫星高分一号卫星数据评估其植被第一生产力(NPP)的潜力,对植被指数取值范围、光能利用率、水分指数等参数进行修订,建立适合高分卫星数据的光能利用率模型,反演小尺度草地生态系统的生产力,利用野外观测数据对反演结果进行验证.模型模拟的数值与实测值的拟合度达到0.94,均方差为20.59 g C/(m2·a),并进一步将该结果与该区域同类型研究进行类比分析.结果表明,该模型对小尺度草地NPP估算可行,减少了工作量,为国产高分数据进行草地NPP、尤其煤矿区草地环境的监测提供了可行的技术方法,从而推动国产卫星在该地区的应用.     

高原山区遥感植被制图研究综述

 植被制图是植被生态学研究的基础和重要内容之一.在环境复杂、异质性高的高原山区,由于诸多因素的影响给该区域的遥感植被制图带来很大的困难和挑战.作者重点介绍在复杂山区环境中利用遥感技术进行植被制图的基本过程.为了提高山区遥感植被图的精度,建议注意以下几点：①在提取训练样本阶段,应将同一地物或者植被类型根据其不同的光谱特征分成不同亚类型进行选取训练样本;②现有许多地形校正模型不能有效地提高遥感分类精度;③分类器选择时,建议选择人工智能神经网络分类法、决策树、基于专家知识分类法等先进的非参数分类器;其次如果选择使用中低分辨率影像数据,可以考虑使用亚像元或软分类法;当使用高分辨率影像时,选择基于对象分类法要优于基于像元分类法;④结合辅助数据,尤其是DEM数据能显著提高山区遥感植被或森林制图精度.将来高级地形校正模型和分类算法需要进一步开发和发展.GIS技术与遥感数据结合也是未来遥感植被制图技术发展的一个重要方向.未来研究还需要将群落和植被生态学的理论和方法与遥感技术相结合来提高山区植被制图精度,并促进遥感科学和空间植被生态学发展.     

融合物候及纹理特征的茉莉花种植区提取研究

为充分挖掘图像时序物候信息、几何空间、纹理特征在农作物监测提取研究上的优势，本研究通过构建物候参数与纹理特征的方法对广西横州市茉莉花（Jasminum sambac）种植区进行提取，该方法通过增强型时空自适应反射率融合模型（ESTARFM）融合年度内“高空间-低时间”“高时间-低空间”的遥感图像，重建生成年度中低尺度的卫星影像，获取研究区内不同植被的物候信息参数，并结合地物光谱信息提取地物纹理特征。选取物候参数、纹理特征作为茉莉花种植区分类提取信息，对不同的参数特征进行组合，开展分类对比和综合精度量化评价。结果表明，重建时序归一化植被指数（NDVI）数据结合物候参数及纹理特征的茉莉花种植区提取方法，总体分类精度达到88.36%，Kappa系数为0.863 3，在中低尺度多光谱影像遥感数据“时空信息”的缺失下对茉莉花种植区提取具有良好的效果。     

Preliminary Mo isotope data of Phanerozoic clastic sediments from the northern margin of the Yangtze block and its implication for paleoenvironmental conditions

Mo isotopes along with Nd isotopes and other geochemical characteristics of the Phanerozoic clastic sediments from the northern margin of the Yangtze block were analyzed by MC-ICP-MS and some other techniques, spanning the period from Cambrian to Jurassic. The δ 98Mo values and εNd(t ) in these sedimets were observed to exhibit a large range of variation (?0.65‰―+1.87‰, ?1.46―?10.90, respec-tively). Specifically, the sample from Late Permian Maokou Formation has relatively positive values in both δ 98Mo and...     

Classification of vegetation in North Tibet Plateau based on MODIS time-series data

Based on the 16d-composite MODIS （moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer）-NDVI（normalized difference vegetation index） time-series data in 2004, vegetation in North Tibet Plateau was classified and seasonal variations on the pixels selected from different vegetation type were analyzed. The Savitzky-Golay filtering algorithm was applied to perform a filtration processing for MODIS-NDVI time-series data. The processed time-series curves can reflect a real variation trend of vegetation growth. The NDVI time-series curves of coniferous forest, high-cold meadow, high-cold meadow steppe and high-cold steppe all appear a mono-peak model during vegetation growth with the maximum peak occurring in August. A decision-tree classification model was established according to either NDVI time-series data or land surface temperature data. And then, both classifying and processing for vegetations were carried out through the model based on NDVI time-series curves. An accuracy test illustrates that classification results are of high accuracy and credibility and the model is conducive for studying a climate variation and estimating a vegetation production at regional even global scale.     

云南山区NPP遥感监测研究中遥感图像预处理

 在国际上,区域植被第一性生产力(NPP)的监测和估算已成为遥感技术应用研究的重要方面.针对云南山区特点,利用遥感监测技术进行山区植被NPP的应用方法研究具有特殊意义.现就课题“遥感监测山区植被NPP的应用方法研究”中所进行的有关前期工作———遥感图像预处理的内容、工作平台、遥感图像与基础地理信息概况、遥感图像数据的试验样区切割提取,以及试验样区遥感数据多光谱信息的统计计算等进行操作整理与初步分析研究,对有关研究的深入进行获得初步的基础研究成果.     

Sm-Nd dating and Nd-Sr isotopic characteristics of the Shimian ophiolite suite, Sichuan Province

By measuring the Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotopic compositions of harzburgite and gabbro from Shimian ophiolite suite, we got the whole rock Sm-Nd isochron age of (938±30) Ma (2?), and the ??Nd of 7.6±0.8 (2?), which shows that the ophiolite was formed at the Early Neoproterozoic. The obvious change (0.70209-0.70708) of ISr values of the ophiolite is caused by the meteoric hydrothermal alteration. The high ? Nd values indicate that the primitive magma was derived from the intense depleted mantle reservoir. It is suggested that this area was in a back-arc basin environment during the Early Neoproterozic.     

Existence of single-peaked solution of a semilinear elliptic problem

We discussed the Dirichlet problem of semilinear elliptic equationin (Pβ,α)D;-β△u=uε+εu,u>0,in Ω u=0, on(e),Ω where Ω(∪)RN(N≥4) is smooth and bounded domain,P=N+2/N-2,β,ε>0. We have proved that there exist positive ε0 and ε1 , such that when 0≤ε≤ε0,β>√ε1,(P0,1)has a single-peaked solution uβ, furthermore, |▽μβ|-0in the sense of measure as ε→0 and β→0.     

结合植被覆盖度指数的土地覆盖分类方法研究

基于Landsat 8 OLI反射率数据,结合定量遥感反演植被覆盖度（fractional vegetation cover, FVC）提取的植被物候特征数据,对比了神经网络、支持向量机和随机森林3种土地覆盖分类方法．结果表明:随机森林分类方法具有较好的结果,反射率结合植被特征数据的分类方法的总体精度为85.52%,Kappa系数为0.8212,比仅用反射率的土地覆盖分类总体精度提高了3.45百分点,Kappa系数提高0.0429;植被覆盖度提取的植被特征数据能有效改善耕地、草地和裸地的制图精度和用户精度,对林地与水体的用户精度分别提高了7.79百分点与1.81百分点,灌木与人造地表的制图精度分别提升了7.69百分点与0.59百分点．整体来看,结合植被覆盖度及其派生植被特征进行土地覆盖信息的提取,在简单易行的同时,为提高分类精度提供了有效支持．      

中国不同植被类型净初级生产力变化特征

收集、统计了1993—2011年所发表的98篇涉及我国不同植被NPP数据(模型模拟估算值和实测值)的代表性论文.分析了我国不同植被类型NPP研究结果及其变化和空间分布特征.结果表明:1)模型模拟和实测NPP值都较高的植被类型有热带雨林、季雨林,常绿阔叶林,常绿针叶林、混交林和落叶阔叶林;2)模型模拟的植被NPP值空间分布规律基本表现为从东南沿海地区依次向西北内陆递减;3)在模型模拟与实测NPP值所共有的9种植被类型中,除耕地、灌丛和草地的模型模拟NPP值略大于实测值,其余6种植被类型均小于实测值;4)不同模型对同一种植被类型的模拟结果之间表现出了极大的差异;5)模型模拟平均值与实测值之间的差异相对较小,采用已提出的模型模拟平均值来估算我国不同植被的NPP是基本可行的.     

Vegetation Landscape, Ecological Characteristics and Soil Fixation for Riverbank in Taiwan, China

This study is aimed to investigate and analyze the vegetation landscape around Rivers of Hou-lung, Fa-tz, Da-li, Ching-shuei and Gau- ping, and to select the suitable plant species that could be applied for the area of riverbank ecological engineering in Taiwan. Studying the vegetation established the key point and procedure of ecological engineering in the riverside and revetment, to compile and edit the dominant plants＇ types, life form, propagating method, root systems＇ characteristics and functions for soil conservation. This research choses three dominant plants for roots strength test. The fitting models of plants pulling resistance（Rp, kg） between plant height （H, cm）, diameter near ground （Dn, mm）, diameter above ground 100 mm （Da, mm）, The research finished the relative abundant, types and cluster analysis of riverbank dominant plants that generalize vegetative distribution and ecological restoration for different river types to apply and manage in Taiwan.     

A Large Deviation Principle for the Risk Process with Varying Premium

Let u ∈ R ,for any ω 〉 0, the processes X^ε = {X^ε（t）; 0 ≤ t≤ 1} are governed by the following random evolution equations dX^ε（t）= b（X^ε（t）,v（t））dt-εdSt/ε, where S={St; 0≤t≤1} is a compound Poisson process, the process v={v（t）; 0≤t≤1} is independent of S and takes values in R^m. We derive the large deviation principle for{（X^ε,v（.））; ε〉0} when ε↓0 by approximation method and contraction principle, which will be meaningful for us to find out the path property for the risk process of this type.     

An exact expression for fractional absorption in Mossbauer spectroscopy

The fractional resonance absorption ε(0) in transmission Mossbauer spectroscopy is defined as a relative number of the absorbed γ-ray, and regarded as a measure of Mossbauer effect. The absorption linewidth Λ _a , as it is usually suggested, is nearly equal to the emission linewidth, Λ _s , and such an approximation leads to a extremely simplified expression ε(0), depending on neither Λ _s nor Λ _a . We consider the general case Λ _s ≠Λ _a , and obtain an exact expression for ε(0) which is given in the present paper. This expression ε(0), as a function oft _a, Λ _s , Λ _a , is figured and discussed. Biography: Chen Yi-long (1934-), male, Professor, research interest: Mossbauer effect and its applications.     

1982—1999年我国植被净第一性生产力及其时空变化

基于地理信息系统和卫星遥感技术,利用植被、气候和土壤等地面空间数据,应用CASA模型估算了1982—1999（除1994）年间我国植被年净第一性生产量及其时空变化。结果表明：18年间我国植被净第一性生产量呈增加趋势,平均增加速率为0.024PgC·a^-1,其均值为1.8PgC,其中高寒植被、常绿阔叶林和常绿针叶林的增加速度最快;降水是限制我国植被净第一性生产力的主要因子。     

碳封存工程泄漏超高CO2浓度对植被影响的多光谱遥感监测应用

利用天然CO_2气田模拟碳封存工程泄漏超高浓度CO_2后对生态环境影响研究基地,借助多光谱高分辨率遥感技术,在获取多个时相的卫星影像基础上,监测当地植被指数及变化趋势。结果表明:多光谱遥感技术能很好的应用于因高浓度CO_2泄漏造成的植被影响监测,既适用于微小尺度的精细监测,同时也对宏观范围内植被监测起到很好的效果,为完善我国二氧化碳地质封存工程环境影响监测技术方法体系提供科学支撑。     

NPP distribution related to the terrains along the North-South Transect of Eastern China

Vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) is defined as the accumulative amount of organic matters per unit area and time, which is calculated from the difference between accumulative photosynthesis and accumulative autotrophic respiration by green plants. Since the NPP reflects the physiological and ecological characteristics of the plants and the interactive results of the environmental factors, it is an important index to evaluate a structure of ecological system, functional features and …     

Efficient scalar multiplication for elliptic curves over binary fields

Scalar multiplication [n]P is the kernel and the most time-consuming operation in elliptic curve cryptosystems. In order to improve scalar multiplication, in this paper, we propose a tripling algorithm using Lopez and Dahab projective coordinates, in which there are 3 field multiplications and 3 field squarings less than that in the Jacobian projective tripling algorithm. Furthermore, we map P to（φε^-1（P）, and compute [n]（φε^-1（P） on elliptic curve Eε, which is faster than computing [n]P on E, where φε is an isomorphism. Finally we calculate （φε（[n]φε^-1（P）） = [n]P. Combined with our efficient point tripling formula, this method leads scalar multiplication using double bases to achieve about 23% improvement, compared with Jacobian projective coordinates.     

林分斑块尺度下的森林群落碳汇研究

针对森林碳循环过程模型空间模拟尺度多样化,但数据获取比较困难,森林碳变化响应与适应的研究不可 能实现在不同生境下均安置碳通量观测系统的问题,提出利用遥感过程耦合模型定量估算动态 GPP 值、NPP 值、 RH 值及 NEP 值等,反演森林植被群落不同优势树种碳汇/ 碳源情况,探寻造林、森林转化和森林人工经营管理等 植被恢复措施对森林碳增汇的生态价值,激活碳源效应的促进重建作用。 通过以空间代替时间的实地调查采样法 和遥感模型相结合,输入 GLOPEM-CEVSA 模型中温度影响系数、蒸散量、水气压影响系数、二氧化碳浓度胁迫、植 物呼吸及土壤呼吸等驱动因子,研究在林分斑块尺度下森林碳储量差异。 研究表明:(1)从整体情况来看,林地净 初级生产力>草地>农业用地>水域>建设用地,林地净生态系统生产力>农业用地>草地>建设用地>水域;(2)从年 际 NPP / NEP 值来看,森林生态系统大部分表现为大气 CO2 碳汇;(3)森林群落自然恢复演替中 NPP 值大小关系 是:乔幼落叶阔叶林群落(A4)>马尾松/ 杉木常绿针叶林群落(A5)>柏木常绿针叶林群落(A6) >常绿灌丛/ 灌草丛/ 人工灌木群落(A2) >草本群落(A1);NEP 值表现为乔幼落叶阔叶林群落>马尾松/ 杉木常绿针叶林群落>常绿灌 丛/ 灌草丛/ 人工灌木群落>柏木常绿针叶林群落>草本群落;人工辅助演替中 NPP 值大小关系是(慈竹)竹林群落 >马尾松/ 杉木常绿针叶林群落>柏木常绿针叶林群落>常绿灌丛/ 灌草丛/ 人工灌木群落;NEP 值表现为(慈竹)竹 林群落>马尾松/ 杉木常绿针叶林群落>常绿灌丛/ 灌草丛/ 人工灌木群落>柏木常绿针叶林群落,NPP 值和 NEP 值 随顺行演替均呈现出先上升后下降的单峰状发展趋势。     

Isotopic characteristics of the postorogenic granites in orogenic belt of northern China and their implications in crustal growth

The orogenic belt of northern China is characterized by widely developed postorogenic Ⅰ fractionated and A-type granites in the Phanerozoic. The isotopic data display relatively high ε Nd(t) and 206Pb/ 204Pb values and low I Sr ratio. The low T DM model ages (<100 Ma) suggest that the Neo-Proterozoic-Phanerozoic is one of the main stages in the continental growth.     

植被高光谱遥感分类方法研究

结合具体的OMISI高光谱遥感数据，对各种常用植被高光谱遥感分类方法进行分类训练，通过比较分类性能，得到各种方法在植被高光谱分类中的若干应用规律和分类过程中选择最优分类方法的一些技巧。在此基础上，提出将传统分类方法与基于光谱特征匹配的分类方法相结合对高光谱图像进行分类的方法。