烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

写在《实验动物管理条例》发布实施三十周年

《实验动物管理条例》（以下简称条例）是我国第一部关于实验动物管理工作的行政法规）《条例》实施30年来,在实验动物工作规范化、法制化管理,保障实验动物和动物实验的质量,推动我国科技发展和民生保障等方面发挥了重要作用。但随着科技进步、社会经济发展和立法工作的深入,实验动物科学研究和管理工作中出现了诸多新情况和新问题,《条例》在实验动物管理工作中的作用已不能完全适应科技创新、经济与社会发展的需要。因此,修订《条例》并将其上升到法律层面,对规范实验动物管理工作,保证实验动物质量,保障实验动物福利,维护公共卫生安全,支撑科技创新,以及促进国际科技合作与交流具有非常重要的意义。     

转型中的中国艺术设计教育

对中国艺术设计教育的变迁与社会变革以及艺术设计专业发展的由来、课程内涵与教育体系展开探讨;在市场经济体制中,艺术设计的商业属性与人才培养模式上厚基础、淡化专业的适应性问题;艺术设计专业教学管理模式的变化;新世纪对艺术设计专业前瞻性的探讨与展望。     

高校科研成果评价的制约因素及其控制

科研成果评价是高校科研管理工作的一项重要内容 ,是推动科技成果转化的重要环节 ,也是激励广大科研人员提高科研水平的重要措施 .能否对科研成果的评价做到客观、公正 ,不仅会影响科研管理的效应、科研评奖的公正性权威性及激励效应 ,而且还会影响有价值的科研成果的推广应用 .从主评方面、受评方面等制约因素的分析入手 ,探讨延时评价、同类相比、同行评议、专家经验与查新、排除偏见、重视异议等几个控制对策 ,以期寻找一种能够保证高校科研成果评价客观公正性的机制与方法 .     

东营凹陷古近系储层超压成因及其成藏意义

利用实测地层压力资料,系统研究了东营凹陷古近系碎屑岩储层超压成因及其与油气成藏的关系,并总结了超压油气藏的分布模式。超压传递（包括超压接触传递和超压连通传递）、欠压实、原油裂解是东营凹陷古近系碎屑岩储层超压的主要成因机制。超压接触传递能够使与烃源岩接触的储层形成强超压高产油气藏,该类油气藏主要分布在北部陡坡带、中央隆起带周缘以及洼陷中央的沙三、沙四段和孔店组;超压连通传递使深层超压流体进入浅层,形成中超压高产油气藏,该类油气藏集中分布在中央隆起带的沙一、沙二段和南部缓坡带的沙三、沙四段;欠压实发生在沙四段、孔店组的膏盐岩层段,不利于油气成藏;原油裂解发生在埋深超过4000m的地层,与油气成藏没有必然的联系。     

建构中国古代文学审美理论:动因和方法

从提高“”的审美能力、“史”的认知能力、“论”的理解能力等方面阐述了建构中国古代学审美理论体系的动因，从注重古人创作和审美的实际、用今人的观点来透视、把定向观照和多向思维结合起来等方面探讨了建构这种理论的方法。目的在于使中国古代学理论的研究既有传统性又有现代性，既有本土性又有世界性。     

卢卡奇"总体性的辩证法"再思考--读《历史与阶级意识》

本文主要依据卢卡奇的《历史与阶级意识》这一经典文本．从卢卡奇、马克思和黑格尔三者之间的关系出发，提出“总体性的辩证法”由以产生的思想渊源和历史背景，并探讨“总体性”范畴的具体含义。文章认为“总体性”首先是一种具体的总体性，即：部分在总体之中，又存留其个体性．总体具有高于部分的地位．部分只能在与总体的联系中才有意义。其次，“总体性的辩证法”是主体和客体相互作用写统一的辩证法．它仅限于社会历史领域，是研究社会历史中主、客体运动的概念。最后，分析论述了“总体性的渴求”与无产阶级的阶级意识之间的关系．指出“．电体性的辩证法”是卢卡奇为了消解实证主义的马克思主义哲学理论．重新恢复了马克思主义哲学的批判价值功能．从而实现了马克思主义哲学在本世纪初的一次重要转向．     

三昧:佛教审美感悟的主要形式

佛教对中国古代学创作和审美产生了巨大影响，这已经是不争的问题。而在感应外物的心理知觉上与学审美究竟有何内在联系及区别，则又大多语焉不详，或详而无纲、油水分离。笔从佛教教义中拈出“三昧”两个字，深入探寻佛教审美感悟的主要方式，分析它与庄子“心斋”及俗人梦幻的同异，这对中国古代学审美理论的梳理和建构都有重要意义。     

我国高校高水平科技决策智库建设的路径研究

科技决策智库是提升国家科技创新治理能力的重要支撑,高校具备建设科技决策智库多方面优势.学术界关于高校科技决策智库发展现状以及高校建设科技决策智库路径存在认识不清的问题.本文深入分析我国高校科技决策智库建设现状,从建设主体、经费来源、人才管理、研究特色等维度探讨了高校建设科技决策智库的路径特点,并结合高校建设科技决策智库的优劣势,提出了我国高校建设高水平科技决策智库的对策建议.     

浅析品牌人性化与个性化的营销策略

品牌人性化与个性化不仅是企业与品牌生存发展的需要,而且能够适应和满足消费者的情感与心理需要。探讨了中外驰名品牌人性化和个性化的经验与启示。     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。