水利工程中混凝土坝变形模型研究

混凝土坝的变形状况是评价大坝工作性态的一个重要指标。影响混凝土坝变形的因素很多,尤其是对趋势性变形（时效位移）的影响。具有一定的灰色度;另外,大坝变形的残差序列仍包含有用信息。针对上述问题,综合应用灰色系统理论、逐步回归分析理论及时间序列分析理论等,提出灰色回归-时序模型。结合工程实例计算,与其它模型对比分析,拟合精度和预报精度较高。     

混凝土坝应力分析中的灰色系统理论应用

在混凝土坝蓄水初期应力观测数据较少的情况下,为分析坝体的应力影响因素和变化规律,该文利用有限元确定性模型与灰色系统模型相结合的方法,建立了混凝土坝应力分析灰色混合模型。桃林口水库混凝土坝体的应力分析结果表明该方法是合理的。     

基于GM（1．1）模型的尾矿坝变形趋势预测

尾矿坝变形趋势预测是矿山尾矿库安全技术管理的重要内容．为了实现对尾矿坝变形趋势的预测，在深入分析尾矿坝变形机理并充分认识尾矿库工程系统及坝体变形数据特性的基础上，采用灰色GM（1．1）模型对尾矿坝的变形进行预测，并结合某金矿尾矿坝变形监测实际数据进行预测．结果表明，模型精度满足要求，灰色GM（1．1）模型用于尾矿坝变形趋势预测具有很好的适用性．     

基于Copula-RF的混凝土坝变形监测模型

混凝土坝的变形与各种环境量之间存在复杂的非线性映射关系,传统统计模型中预报因子的选择有一定的主观性,且易出现过拟合问题.针对上述问题,本文采用Copula函数对变形影响因子进行非线性相关检验,以确定最优因子集.在此基础上,结合泛化能力强的随机森林(RF)理论,建立了基于Copula-RF的混凝土坝变形监测模型.随后,以某混凝土重力坝为例,根据大坝实测数据验证Copula-RF模型的准确性,通过与基于经典最小二乘回归的混凝土坝变形预测模型分析结果比较,根据均方根误差、平均绝对误差及平均绝对百分比误差等指标评价模型的拟合、预测精度.计算结果表明,相比于采用最小二乘回归的混凝土坝变形预测模型,Copula-RF模型预测精度更高,性能更加稳定,为混凝土坝变形监测提供了一种新方法.     

混凝土坝空间位移场监测模型的探讨及应用

该文从场论出发，应用幂级数的处理方法，并结合坝工理论和工程力学知识，全面论述了建立混凝土坝空间位移场的动态监测模型的基本原理和计算公式，并将其应用于建立丹江口左岸转弯坝段34^#、36^#坝段正垂线的分布模型，通过对模型成果较为深入地比较和研究，得出此模型是一种很好的变形监测模型的结论，在全面监测大坝工作情况时，其发挥的作用是单个测点变形模型不可比拟的，尤其是和单个测点的监测模型联合，从点、线、面全面监视大坝工作情况，更能充分发挥各自优越性。     

论混凝土坝变形统计模型的因子选择

应用坝工理论和数学力学,并结合原型观测资料,研究混凝土坝变形统计模型中的水压、温度、时效和裂缝因子选择的基本理论和公式.在不同坝型和不同温度计埋设情况时,提出各因子选择的原则.并列举四座典型大坝的统计模型.为合理选择因子提供理论和实践依据.     

碾压混凝土坝结构性态的块体元与有限元耦合分析模型

将有限元和块体元相结合,用有限元描述碾压混凝土本体内部的位移场和应力场,用块体元从整体上分析层面的影响.在对有限元和块体元耦合效应分析的基础上,针对碾压混凝土坝的成层特点和分区界面之间变形的不连续性,建立了碾压混凝土坝的变形分析模型,并编制了相应的耦合计算分析程序.实例表明,该分析模型能较好地模拟碾压混凝土坝的工作性态,既可描述碾压混凝土坝的复杂变形,又可分析其破坏过程,充分发挥了块体元与有限元各自的优势.     

高混凝土坝变形性态的库盘影响分析

在研究有限元模型边界确定方法的基础上,通过建立库盘大范围和近坝区小范围2种尺度有限元模型,并由库盘模型变形计算结果提取近坝区模型的边界条件,提出高混凝土坝变形性态的库盘影响分析方法,分析库盘变形对大坝变形性态的影响。典型实际工程计算结果表明,高坝大库工程,库盘作用对大坝变形影响明显,尤其坝前大库容工程在应用实测资料分析混凝土坝运行性态、反分析结构力学参数和变形监控指标时,应该考虑库盘变形的影响,以确保充分掌握大坝运行性态,有效监控大坝的安全运行。     

碾压混凝土坝计算参数对变形的敏感性分析

针对碾压混凝土坝本体及层面影响带计算参数对变形影响的问题,定义了敏感度函数,探讨了变形计算参数的敏感性分析方法;并运用敏感性分析原理对某碾压混凝土坝变形主要计算参数进行敏感性分析,分析结果表明:本体弹模对变形最敏感,层面弹模次之,然后是本体泊松比,层面泊松比最不敏感.分析结果对碾压混凝土坝的变形分析具有一定的参考价值.     

用结构分析法拟定混凝土坝变形三级监控指标

将力学模型引入大坝安全监测领域,结合变形监测资料,提出利用三维粘弹塑性大变形理论拟定混凝土坝三级监控指标的原理和方法,并拟定了龙羊峡大坝变形三级监控指标,取得了安全监控大坝的实效。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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