花生愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生

研究花生愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生的条件．用汕油71花生幼苗上胚轴、下胚轴、子叶、幼叶等不同外植体类型进行比较,发现幼叶较易诱导愈伤;用不同激素质量浓度配比研究对花生幼叶愈伤诱导的影响,发现IAA（吲哚乙酸）对花生的愈伤诱导效果较2,4-D（2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸）和NAA（萘乙酸）好;用不同叶龄及叶切段比较,发现以10d苗龄的叶片中部切段愈伤诱导率较高取苗龄10d的花生无菌苗的幼叶中段为外植体,置于ρ（MS＋IAA）3mg／L＋ρ（BA）1mg／L培养基中培养,30d后诱导率达到100％且愈伤呈淡绿色、半透明、疏松状．50d后转至ρ（MS＋IAA）0．5mg/L＋ρ（BA）2mg／L＋ρ（TDZ）0．5mg／L分化培养基中诱导芽（TDZ,噻重氮苯基脲）,截取诱导芽单芽,转接至根诱导培养基中。获得再生植株     

裂叶秋海棠的离体快速繁殖

利用野生裂叶秋海棠叶片及叶柄培养，通过两种方式获得大量再生植株。(1)直接从外植体表面诱导出不定芽，最佳诱导培养基为MS 6-BA 3mg／L，不定芽在培养基MS NAA0．5mg／L 6-BA0．5mg／L增殖成丛生芽．(2)先诱导出愈伤组织，再由愈伤组织分化出大量不定芽．最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS NAA0．5mg／L 2，4-D0．5mg／L 6-BA0．5mg／L,愈伤组织不定芽分化培养基为MS 6-BA 1mg／L,试管苗在含1／5MS无机盐的培养基上生根，之后移栽成活率达85％。     

互叶白千层愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

本文报导了互叶白千层从无菌种子苗叶片诱导愈伤组织到植株再生的研究结果．实验表明：以继代代数不同的无菌苗叶片为诱导材料,在MS基本培养基中添加TDZ0．4mg／L＋2,4-D0．4mg／L的第五代继代苗诱导效果较好,愈伤组织诱导率达100％．在互叶白千层愈伤组织分化阶段,在MS基本培养基中,激素组合筛选中以添）m6-BA2．0mg／L＋IAA2．5mg／L的分化效果较好,分化率高达94．53％．在分化苗伸长生根阶段,以MS＋6-BA2．0mg／L＋NAA0．8mg／L＋AC0．1％的效果较为显著,苗平均高度9．4cm,苗最壮,根粗且壮．     

新疆杨植株再生体系的建立

从培养基筛选、激素调控等方面探索建立新疆杨高效植株再生体系。结果表明，不同种类的细胞分裂素影响叶盘不定芽分化频率，其中较低浓度的TDZ(Thidiazuron)可显提高叶盘不定芽分化频率，生长素的种类与浓度对叶盘不定芽分化影响不显。较适合新疆杨不定芽分化的培养基为：1／2MS TDZ0．005mg／L BA0．25mg／L IAA0．5mg／L；壮苗培养基为：MS BA0．2mg／L IAA0．2mg／L；生根培养基为：1／2MS。在此条件下，不定芽分化频率可达100％。     

烟草叶细胞植株再生的研究

在一定的培养条件下 ,将无菌苗叶块接种在含有 0 .5mg/LNAA的MS基本培养基上 ,可诱导出愈伤组织 ;在 0 .0 5mg/LNAA 1.5mg/L 6 BA的MS培养基上能分化出芽 ;在 0 .1mg/LIAA的MS培养基中能形成根 .作者在文中还讨论了烟草叶细胞脱分化和再分化与植物激素、蔗糖和培养材料的关系 .     

卫星搭载胡萝卜组织培养研究

以经卫星搭载的胡萝卜种子发育而来的嫩叶为外植体，诱导愈伤组织，探讨诱导后胡萝卜愈伤组织对外源激素的反应．实验结果表明，诱导松散型愈伤组织的最佳激素配比是1．0mg／L2，4-D＋0．5mg／L6-BA．此愈伤组织移入含有0．1mg／L的TDZ培养基中能产生大量的芽，但培养20d左右芽膨大透明成绿色，之后将芽移入含有不同种类不同浓度的生根培养基中都能生根且易于移栽．本实验为进一步筛选胡萝卜抗胁迫变异系奠定了基础．     

玉米茎尖培养研究（Ⅰ）——胚状体和丛生芽发生的扫描电镜观察

扫描电镜观察结果显示，所用六个基因型的玉米茎尖分生组织在添加500mg／L水解溶蛋白和9．0-13．5μmol/L6-BA的改良MS培养基上培养四周，茎尖可产生由腋芽和不定芽组成的密集的丛生芽．在含有4．5μmol/L6-BA和1．0-2．0μmol/L2.4-4的培养基上，茎尖分生组织产生“层状”伸展的愈伤组织．将愈伤组织转移到发育培养基上，愈伤组织表面可观察到大量的胚状体出现，胚状体继续发育成丛生芽．激素浓度和种类不同明显影响茎尖产生胚状体和丛生芽的数量，基因型不同的茎尖，其产生胚状体或丛生芽的能力也呈现出明显的差异。     

马蹄金再生体系的构建

以马蹄金无菌苗为试材,子叶为外植体,研究了不同植物生长调节剂种类的组合及浓度的配比对愈伤组织诱导、分化的影响,结果表明：含2,4-D、NAA、IAA和细胞分裂素6-BA的诱导培养基对愈伤组织的诱导频率差别不明显,诱导率均达80％～100％,但愈伤的质地却有很大的不同,以5．0mg／L6-BA＋0．1mg／LNAA和0．5mg／LIAA＋1.5mg／L6-BA效果较好,其中0．5mg／LIAA＋1．5mg／L6BA可直接诱导出不定芽,诱导率高达82．61％;AgNO3对愈伤组织的分化起着重要的作用,以0．1mg／LNAA＋3．0mg／L6-BA＋2．0mg／LAg—NO3分化的效果最好,分化频率高达76％;最佳的生根培养基为1／2MS＋0．5mg／LIBA,生根率可达100％．     

康乃馨的组织培养及快速繁殖研究

通过顶芽和侧芽培养实现了康乃馨的组织培养和快速繁殖．实验表明,以MS为基本培养基,附加BA1．0mg／L IAA0．05mg／L适于芽的诱导与增殖;附加BA0．5～2．0mg／L IAA0．2～1．0mg／L适于愈伤组织的诱导;附加MS BA1．0～2．0mg／L IAA0．05～0．1mg／L适于愈伤组织的分化．幼芽在1／2MS NAA0．075mg／L 0．1％活性炭的生根培养基中生根率达到100％．     

小麦叶基切段愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生

从3～5d龄小麦籽苗幼叶基部切段诱导出大量愈伤组织。诱导可再生的愈伤组织的培养基为MS 1．5mg／L 2，4-D 0．2mg／L，激动素(KT) 500mg／L，水解酪蛋白(CH) 120mg／L，天冬酰胺 100mg／L，肌醇 3％蔗糖 0．7％琼脂粉。当愈伤组织转移到生长调节物质改变为2mg／L KT，1mg／L NAA和0．1mg／L 2，4-D的MS培养基上培养后，出现了苗的分化。当分化苗在无机盐分减半的MS培养基上培养后，产生了根。愈伤组织的形成和植株再生的频率与外植体的位置和籽苗的发育阶段密切相关，3～4d龄苗叶基1cm处的切段效果最好。叶基愈伤组织的分化能力可保持3～4个月。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.