微波处理对豆腐干杀菌效果及品质的影响

为得到豆腐干微波杀菌处理的最佳工艺参数,以豆腐干为原料,以菌落总数降低对数值、ΔL、Δa、Δb、ΔE、咀嚼性、回复性、弹性、硬度和内聚性为响应值,以微波时间、微波功率、温度为因素,进行Box-Behnken响应面试验;利用因子分析筛选出微波对豆腐干杀菌的特征指标,建立模型,探讨各因素及其交互作用对豆腐干杀菌效果和品质的影响,优化得出最佳工艺参数。结果表明,微波对豆腐干杀菌的特征指标为菌落总数降低对数值、ΔL、咀嚼性及回复性;豆腐干微波杀菌的最佳工艺参数为微波时间70 s、微波功率600 W、温度51℃,该参数下,豆腐干的菌落总数降低对数值为5.17,ΔL值为0.19,咀嚼性为3 382.43,回复性为0.27。研究为微波杀菌技术应用于豆腐干的杀菌工艺提供了理论依据和技术指导。     

低温等离子体协同絮凝剂净化印染废水

采用针-板式反应器,研究探讨低温等离子体协同絮凝剂处理印染废水色素和COD的影响规律.试验首先探讨了低温等离子放电条件(放电电压、放电时间、放电间距)对印染废水色素和COD处理效果;其次研究在最佳的低温等离子放电条件下,加入絮凝剂对印染废水色素和COD处理的协同作用.结果表明印染废水的脱色率和COD脱除率随输入电压的增大和放电时间的延长而增加;放电介质及放电间距对净化效率也有重要影响,在气相中放电的脱色率优于在液相中放电,COD的脱除率随放电间距的增加而降低.最佳工艺参数为放电电压20kV、放电时间20min、放电间距为阳极在液面以上约12mm,先经过等离子体放电再加入絮凝剂的废水净化效果优于先加絮凝剂再放电的工艺过程.     

鸡蛋皮蛋微波杀菌工艺优化研究

研究鸡蛋皮蛋微波杀菌工艺特性和杀菌效果,包括杀菌功率、杀菌时间和装载质量对产品感官品质的影响,对这三个主要因素进行正交试验,筛选微波杀菌最佳工艺条件。所选出的最佳工艺条件为:微波功率700 W(此时杀菌温度为85℃)、杀菌时间18 min、装载质量0.9 kg。按此生产的产品菌落总数(cfu/g)≤100,大肠菌群(MPN/100g)≤30、致病菌为零,杀菌后蛋黄、蛋白均未出现变干和变硬现象,保质期180 d。     

正交试验设计方法在微絮凝-超滤膜系统设计中的应用

目的研究适宜的膜过滤运行工艺,为膜过滤法饮用水处理提供技术参考.方法试验以抚顺大伙房水库水为原水,利用正交试验方法,以三因素三水平正交为试验设计方案,通过分析处理水量、过滤时间、加药量等因素对微絮凝-超滤膜系统的运行效果影响,确定显著影响因素和最佳运行工艺参数.结果通过正交试验设计法得出微絮凝-超滤膜系统的最佳工艺参数组合:处理水量为2 m3/h,过滤时间为40 min,加药量为5 mg/L,其中显著影响因素为处理水量.结论微絮凝-超滤工艺在最优参数运行条件下,可以有效处理水中浊度和有机物,处理效能远高于传统常规工艺.     

美味香椿罐头的加工工艺

为确定香椿罐头的最佳处理工艺,选择影响罐头品质的主要因素,即预煮时间、硬化剂、护色剂、杀菌条件等进行单因素试验。以感官评分为评价指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交分析的方法确定最佳的工艺为:预煮时间2 min;硬化剂采用CaCl_2,其质量分数为1.0 g/kg;护色剂采用CuSO_4,Na_2SO_3,Zn(CH_3COO)_2等3者组合,其质量分数分别为0.1,0.3,0.3 g/kg;杀菌条件为95℃温度下处理15 min。     

低温等离子体处理对羊毛织物性能的影响

采用空气低温等离子体对羊毛表面进行改性处理,探讨了等离子体处理对羊毛织物抗毡缩性、强力、白度、润湿性、染色性能等的影响.正交试验结果表明:等离子体处理羊毛织物的实验室最佳工艺为时间3min、压强50Pa、功率150W.经空气低温等离子体处理,羊毛织物的毡缩率和白度降低,而润湿性、强力和弱酸性普拉红B染色K/S值提高.单独经过空气等离子体处理的羊毛织物达不到"机可洗"的要求.     

等离子体/壳聚糖联合处理对羊毛防缩性能的影响

分别对羊毛织物在低温等离子体、壳聚糖和等离子体/壳聚糖条件下进行处理.分析了等离子体预处理的时间、功率和压强及壳聚糖工艺对羊毛织物性能的影响.通过等离子体/壳聚糖对羊毛联合整理,羊毛织物的防缩性能得到了很大的改善,其最佳工艺条件为:壳聚糖分子量20万,质量浓度1.0g/L,等离子体功率150W,压强25Pa,时间3min.此条件下羊毛织物的毡缩率为7.3%,白度54.2,断裂强力:经向673.2N,纬向272.7N.     

甜荞保健酒糖化及酿制工艺研究

以贵州师范大学植物遗传育种研究所收获的甜荞种子为材料,采用单因素试验及正交试验对荞麦保健酒的糖化工艺和酿制工艺进行探索,结果显示:最优糖化工艺条件是糖化酶添加量为6%,糖化温度为60℃,糖化时间为45 min,pH值为4.5;荞麦保健酒酿制的最适接种量为5%,发酵温度25℃,添加SO2的质量浓度为120 mg/L,发酵时间8 d。     

低温等离子体对生食蟹糊微生物含量及品质的影响

研究了低温等离子体对生食蟹糊灭菌效果及品质的影响。分析了不同电压(30,45,60kV)、不同处理时间(30,60,90,120s)下低温等离子体对生食蟹糊杀菌率的影响及优化杀菌条件下生食蟹糊储存不同时间(30,60,90,180d)时微生物含量、感官品质、pH值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)和脂肪酸的变化。结果表明低温等离子体在60kV处理90s时灭菌效果最好,杀菌率达97.3%;低温等离子体可以有效地延长生食蟹糊的货架期,处理后蟹糊菌落浓度虽然也逐渐上升,但增长速度明显小于对照组;对照组蟹糊60d时感官评定已降至一般,90d时已不可接受,但实验组感官评定180d仍为较好;对照组TVB-N值180d时已达28.66mg/100g,而处理组仅为21.28mg/100g;低温等离子体对生食蟹糊的营养影响不明显,说明等离子可以在有效杀灭菌类、延长生食蟹糊货架期的同时,保持其原有的营养及理化性质。     

新型流面型冷电弧装置杀菌研究

自制了流面型冷电弧杀菌装置,并研究了外加电压、气体流量、菌液流量、细菌种类和杀菌时间等参数对该装置杀菌率的影响.结果表明,杀菌率随着外加电压升高、液体流量降低以及杀菌时间增加而升高,空气自然对流的杀菌效果优于强制对流,对革兰氏阴性菌的杀菌效果优于革兰氏阳性菌.在空气自然对流、外加电压为33 kV和液体流量为80 mL/min的条件下,对E.coli987P的杀菌率达99.96%,所需时间不超过35 s;而S.aureus需经过70 s后,才能达到相同的杀菌率.冷电弧处理后的液体温升不超过3℃.通过透射电镜图发现,处理后的大肠杆菌(E.coli987P)细胞膜发生不可逆击穿,细胞内容物外流,最终导致菌体死亡.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-