Preparation of Nano Silver/Silk Fibroin Composite Films

In this study, the outstanding biocompatibility of silk fibroin （SF） and the highly efficient anti-bacterial effect of nano silver （NS） were utilized to prepare SF/NS composite film with anti- bacterial property. The structure and property of the film were characterized. The results showed that the structure of SF in the film was mainly silk I. SF in the film was almost insoluble in water. The tensile strength of film with NS was significantly lower than that of films without NS. When the addition of NS was within the range of 0%-0.6%, the elongation at break had no significant difference. The antibacterial rate of the film on staphylococcus aurens and escherichia coil increased with the amount of NS. The minimum amount of NS in the fdm was O. 1% and the maximum amount was 0.5%.     

Thermal properties study on the ablation materials of inorganic silicon compound from organosilicone in high percent conversion

The new type of silicone rubber prepared by organosilicon polymer containing special groups presents the tensile strength of 3.92 MPa and the elongation at break of 285%. Compared with Sylgard~184 sili-cone rubber (Dow Corning Corporation),it has better high temperature resistance and almost no weightlessness from room temperature to 430℃. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to re-search the thermal degradation at different temperatures and the heat pyrolysis products were trace determined by FT-IR. The results show that with the increase of temperature,the organic groups of products are gradually decomposed. Organosilicon rubber is gradually changed into the typical inor-ganic SiCO compounds in the process of pyrolysis. Elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spec-troscopy results show that the pyrolyzates are mainly composed of Si,C and O elements above 1050℃. X-ray diffraction analysis showes that partial β-SiC crystal structure is brought about gradually from the pyrolysis products at 1050℃ to 1500℃ under nitrogen atmosphere. With the treatment temperature rising,the crystallinity of SiC and cristobalite obviously increases.     

Influence of Dispersion of Nano-Zn0 Particles in Polymer Matrices on Properties of Relevant Nano Composite Fibers

The surface-passivated and non-surface-passivated zinc oxide nano-particles （marked as s-nanoZnO and ns-nanoZnO respectively） were evenly dispersed in polymer solutions with the aid of ultrasonic vibration to prepare nanocomposite film by free casting and to prepare nanocomposite fibers by wet spinning and to prepare nancomposites coating by surface smearing. The dispersion of s-nanoZnO and nsnanoZnO in PAN matrix were observed by transmittance electron microscopy, the mechanical properties of the relevant compesite samples were studied by INSRTON tensile strength tester. It was found that s-nanoZnO behaves a well-dispersed morphology in PAN films and fibers when its concentration was 2 wt% but ns-nanoZnO nano particles agglomerate into larger congeries in PAN films. It means that the surface-passivated process oft zinc oxide nano. particles was effective to disperse. The relative intensity and elonsation at break of s-nanoZnO-PAN composite fibers show maximum values with the increase of nano particle content in compesites （from 0 wt% to 2 wt% of s- nanoZnO）. The elasticity of the composite fibers increases whereas their modulus declines. Balanced the changes of the properties mentioned above, 2 wt% s-nanoZnO in PAN matrix is a proper content for the composite fibers spun by wet spinning. The result of surface smearing test means that the reactim between s-nanoZnO and polymer can be indicated by the color of nanocomposite surface coat on fibers.     

Formation of crystalline TiO2 by anodic oxidation of titanium

Formation of crystalline TiO2(anatase) films by anodic oxidation of titanium foils in ethylene glycol(EG) based electrolytes at room temperature has been investigated.By varying the anodizing parameters such as the amounts of water and NH4 F added,applied voltage and anodization time,anodic TiO2 films with different crystalline structures were obtained.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) characterizations were employed to determine the morphologies and crystalline structures of as-prepared anodic TiO2 films.The results indicate that crystallization of anodic TiO2 films was generally facilitated by high fluoride concentration,high applied voltage and longer anodization time,and the formation of anodic TiO2 films with best crystallinity could only be achieved when optimized amounts of water were added.     

Microstructure and tensile behavior of hot extruded AZ91 alloys at room temperature

AZ91 alloys were prepared by hot extrusion and its microstructure and tensile behavior at room temperature were investigated. Compared to as-cast ingot, the grain size of hot-extruded material is morerefined, the intermetallic phase Mg₁₇Al₁₂ is broken and dispersed discontinuously. Both strength and elongation of AZ91 are improved by hotextrusion. Tensile behavior and fracture surface of the experimental material were studied. Due to the change in microstructure, the fracture mechanism of extruded material is different from that of as-cast ingot, the latter is mainly a brittle fracture. Ductile fracture plays arole in hot-extruded AZ91 failure at room temperature.     

Influence of Ag content on the microstructure,mechanical, and tribological properties of TaVN-Ag films

A series of TaVN-Ag nanocomposite films were deposited using a radio-frequency magnetron sputtering system. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological performance of the films were investigated. The results showed that TaVN-Ag films were composed of face-centered cubic (fcc) TaVN and fcc-Ag. With increasing Ag content, the hardness of TaVN-Ag composite films first increased and then decreased rapidly. The maximum hardness value was 31.4 GPa. At room temperature, the coefficient of friction (COF) of TaVN-Ag films decreased from 0.76 to 0.60 with increasing Ag content from 0 to 7.93at%. For the TaVN-Ag films with 7.93at% Ag, COF first increased and then decreased rapidly from 0.60 at 25℃ to 0.35 at 600℃, whereas the wear rate of the film increased continuously from 3.91×10-7 to 19.1×10-7 mm3/(N·mm). The COF of the TaVN-Ag film with 7.93at% Ag was lower than that of the TaVN film, and their wear rates showed opposite trends with increasing temperature.     

Preparation of high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy via heat treatment and rolling

An Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy was solid-solution treated at 560°C for 3 h and then cooled by water quenching or furnace cooling. The alloy samples which underwent cooling by these two methods were rolled at different temperatures. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the rolled alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and tensile testing. For the water-quenched alloys, the peak tensile strength and elongation occurred at a rolling temperature of 180°C. For the furnace-cooled alloys, the tensile strength decreased initially, until the rolling temperature of 420°C, and then increased; the elongation increased consistently with increasing rolling temperature. The effects of grain boundary hardening and dislocation hardening on the mechanical properties of these rolled alloys decreased with increases in rolling temperature. The mechanical properties of the 180°C rolling water-quenched alloy were also improved by the presence of β″ phase. Above 420°C, the effect of solid-solution hardening on the mechanical properties of the rolled alloys increased with increases in rolling temperature.     

Structure,optical,and magnetic properties of Mn-doped ZnO films prepared by sputtering

<正>The microstructural,optical,and magnetic properties and room-temperature photoluminescence(PL) of Mn-doped ZnO thin films were studied.The chemical compositions were examined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) and the charge state of Mn ions in the ZnO:Mn films was characterized by X-ray photoelectronic spectrometry(XPS).From the X-ray diffraction(XRD) data of the samples,it can be found that Mn doping does not change the orientation of ZnO thin films.All the films prepared have a wurtzite structure and grow mainly along the c-axis orientation.The grain size and the residual stress were calculated from the XRD results.The optical transmittance of the film decreases with the increase of manganese content in ZnO.The room-temperature photoluminescence of the films shows that the intensity of near band energy(NBE) emission depends strongly on the Mn content.The hysteresis behavior indicates that the films with the Mn content below 9at%are ferromagnetic at room temperature.     

Structure,optical, and magnetic properties of Mn-doped ZnO films prepared by sputtering

The microstructural, optical, and magnetic properties and room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) of Mn-doped ZnO thin films were studied. The chemical compositions were examined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and the charge state of Mn ions in the ZnO:Mn films was characterized by X-ray photoelectronic spectrometry (XPS). From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of the samples, it can be found that Mn doping does not change the orientation of ZnO thin films. All the films prepared have a wurtzite structure and grow mainly along the c-axis orientation. The grain size and the residual stress were calculated from the XRD results. The optical transmittance of the film decreases with the increase of manganese content in ZnO. The room-temperature photoluminescence of the films shows that the intensity of near band energy (NBE) emission depends strongly on the Mn content. The hysteresis behavior indicates that the films with the Mn content below 9at% are ferromagnetic at room temperature.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of non-Fourier heat conduction

Unsteady heat conduction is known to deviate significantly from Fourier＇s law when the system time and length scales are within certain temporal and spatial windows of relaxation. Classical molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate unsteady heat conduction in argon thin films with a sudden temperature increase or heat flux at one surface to study the non-Fourier heat conduction effects in argon thin films. The studies were conducted with both pure argon films and films with vacancy defects. The temperature profiles in the argon films showed the existence of mechanical waves when the thin film was suddenly heated and the wave nature of the heat propagation. The flux phase relaxation time, Zq, and the temperature phase relaxation time,τt, were calculated from the temporal variations of the energy flux and temperature distribution in the film. Comparisons of the MD temperature profiles with temperature profiles predicted by Fourier＇s law show that Fourier＇s law is not able to predict the temperature variations with time. Different film thicknesses were also studied to illustrate the variation of the time needed for the films to reach steady-state temperature profiles after a sudden temperature rise at one surface and to illustrate the finite speed of the energy waves.     

大豆分离蛋白/二氧化硅改性水性聚氨酯膜性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了大豆分离蛋白/二氧化硅杂化溶胶,并应用于水性聚氨酯的改性.采用流延法制备大豆分离蛋白/二氧化硅/水性聚氨酯共混膜,红外光谱研究表明大豆分离蛋白、二氧化硅和水性聚氨酯间发生了多层次的氢键作用,以膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和溶失率为指标,研究了各组分混配比例对共混膜力学性能及耐溶剂性能的影响.通过接触角、热重分析、扫描电镜和原子力显微镜分析讨论了共混膜的亲水亲油性、耐热性能,以及膜表面的形态形貌.结果表明,大豆分离蛋白/二氧化硅添加量为6％（质量分数）、两者之间质量比为1∶1时,改性膜的力学性能最优,耐溶剂性随添加量增加而改善.     

壳聚糖/SiO_2复合膜的制备及性能研究

以廉价的工业硅溶胶为SiO2纳米粒子,使其与壳聚糖的醋酸溶液共混,得到壳聚糖/SiO2复合膜(简称复合膜).研究了复合膜在干态和湿态下的力学性能,在波长200～800nm范围内的透光率,在水中的溶胀率,复合膜内SiO2微粒的形貌及其与壳聚糖的相互作用.结果表明:随着膜内SiO2质量分数增加,复合膜的溶胀率从65.88%降到45.65%.复合膜在干态和湿态下的拉伸强度、伸长率等力学性能呈现先增加到最大值,然后又降低的变化趋势.复合膜中SiO2质量分数为14.07%,其干态膜的力学性能较佳,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为58.09MPa和20.74%.当复合膜中SiO2质量分数为30.30%时,湿态膜的力学性能最佳,其拉伸强度为35.83MPa,断裂伸长率为114.76%.SiO2通过与壳聚糖形成强的相互作用而被均匀分散在复合膜内,该复合膜具有良好的生物相容性和耐水性能,可作为一种潜在的生物分离功能膜.     

含有生物质纤维的聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备及性能测试

聚酰亚胺(polyimides,PI)是以二酐或二胺合成的耐高温聚合物,因其耐高温性能强成为使用温度最高的工业化聚合物材料之一。针对目前PI薄膜在强度方面存在的断裂延伸率低、拉伸强度低等问题,通过调节聚合物的质量浓度、比例、加料方式、加入生物质纤维等方式制得了不同强度的聚酰亚胺薄膜。以4,4-二氨基二苯醚和3,3,4,4-联苯四甲酸二酐作为反应的前驱体,在交联剂的存在下,采用正加料法制备聚酰胺酸(polymer polyacrylic acid, PAA),将制备好的PAA放置在表面铺有均匀藕丝的培养皿中,加热使其亚胺化,制得聚酰亚胺薄膜。结果表明含有藕丝的聚酰亚胺薄膜的断后标距和弹性模量均低于未掺杂藕丝的薄膜,其中PI-2%藕丝断裂延伸率为6.49%,抗拉强度达67.33 MPa,最大力数据为57.47 N,远高于未掺杂藕丝薄膜力学数据。研究表明藕丝纤维的加入在一定程度上增强了薄膜的力学性能。     

海藻酸/淀粉/羧甲基纤维素共混膜的结构与性能研究

利用溶液共混法制备了新型共混膜:海藻酸/淀粉/羧甲基纤维素共混膜,通过红外光谱、X-射线衍射、原子吸收光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析和差示量热扫描等对共混膜的结构进行了表征,并测定了不同配比共混膜的透光率、抗张强度、断裂伸长率、水蒸汽透过率和吸水率.结果表明:共混膜中海藻酸、淀粉和羧甲基纤维素之间具有较强的相互作用和良好的相容性.共混膜具有良好的力学性能,在生物材料领域有潜在利用价值.     

碱浸处理对壳聚糖膜性质的影响

分别通过浇铸-蒸发法和浇铸-蒸发-碱浸法制备了壳聚糖膜,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、Fourier红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)对膜的微观结构进行了表征,并分析了碱浸处理对膜的外观形貌、厚度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、可挥发物含量、接触角、水蒸气透过系数、总溶解物含量和溶胀指数等性质的影响.结果表明:碱浸处理将膜中的壳聚糖乙酸盐还原为壳聚糖,降低了膜中共价键的振动强度,但对膜的表面形貌没有影响.壳聚糖膜经过碱浸处理后,其厚度、可挥发物含量、总溶解物含量、溶胀性都减小,其接触角、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率都增大.碱浸法处理提高了壳聚糖膜的机械性能和防水性能.研究结果为经过碱浸处理的壳聚糖膜的实际应用提供了技术依据.     

正交法设计分析制膜条件对纤维素膜力学性能的影响

选择气隙高度、凝固浴温度、拉伸速度3种工艺参数作为研究对象,并设计3因素4水平的正交实验来分析制膜条件对纤维素膜力学性能的影响.通过结果分析得出:影响纤维素膜力学性能的主要因素为凝固浴温度,其次为拉伸速度以及气隙高度.最优的制膜条件为:气隙高度32,mm,凝固浴温度20,℃、拉伸速度500,mm/min.最优组合所得纤维素膜拉伸强度为13.68,MPa、断裂伸长率为79.37%.对最优组合、正交表中综合评分最高值与最低值3种试样进行结晶度与断面结构的对比,结晶度分别为63.27%、72.7%、54.74%,在膜断面结构方面,最优组合膜较另外两者呈现出更均匀且致密的断面结构.     

Preparation and characterization of chitosan/carboxymethylated konjac glucomannan blend films

In order to improve the mechanical and water swelling properties of the chitosan (CS) film, a series of transparent films were prepared by blending 2% (weight) chitosan acetic acid solution with 1.5% (weight) carboxymethylated konjac glucomannan (CMKGM) aqueous solution according to predetermined ratio and drying at 30°C. The morphological structure, miscibility, thermal stability, mechanical properies, and swelling capacity of the blend films were studied by infrared (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron micrograph (SEM), and measurements of the mechanical properties and swelling properties. The results demonstrated that there was strong interaction and good miscibility between CS and CMKGM resulted from intermolecular hydrogen bonding and electrostatic force. The mechanical properties in dry state and wet state, thermostability, and water swelling properties of the blend films were obviously improved. The best values of the tensile strength in the dry and wet state achieved 89 MPa and 49 MPa, respectively, when the CMKGM content was 30% (weight). The CS/ CMKGM blend films provided promising biomedical applications. Foundation item: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No.29977014). Biography: Zheng hua (1965-), male, Associate professor, research direction: renewable resource chemistry.     

聚乳酸聚氨酯嵌段预聚体增韧聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯共混物的研究

本研究合成了聚乳酸聚氨酯嵌段共聚物预聚体(PLA-b-PUP),以其作为聚乳酸(PLA)和热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)的活性相容剂,通过原位反应增容制备了PLA/TPU/PLA-b-PUP超韧共混物。通过拉伸试验、冲击试验、SEM、FT-IR、DSC和TGA研究了共混物的力学性能、热性能和增韧机理。结果表明,PLA-b-PUP中的异氰酸酯基团与PLA和TPU上的活性基团发生了反应,显著改善了PLA/TPU共混物两相界面的相容性。随着PLA-b-PUP的加入,共混物中PLA的玻璃化转变温度和相对结晶度逐渐降低,当PLA-b-PUP的质量分数为PLA/TPU共混物的4%时,共混材料的断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度分别达到无相容剂时的8.12倍和2.73倍,表现出良好的增容增韧效果。添加PLA-b-PUP后,共混物的初始分解温度有所降低,但最快分解温度有所提高。     

六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺与丙烯酸酯粘合剂、乙二醇混合体系在无纺布上的性能研究

将六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺(HMMM)-丙烯酸酯粘合剂-乙二醇-酸性催化剂的混合体系涂抹于无纺布上并在高温下烘烤成膜,探讨了HMMM、乙二醇用量以及烘烤时间对涂膜拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、收缩率和吸水率等性能的影响.结果表明:随着HMMM用量的增加,涂膜无纺布的拉伸强度上升,断裂伸长率下降,吸水率也有所下降.随着乙二醇用量的增加,涂膜无纺布的拉伸强度先增大后减小,断裂伸长率先基本不变后下降,吸水率和收缩率均先下降后增大.