既授人以渔又授人以鱼——新形势下我国服务型制造发展之路

发展服务型制造是制造业高质量发展的重要方向.然而,如何有效发展服务型制造,学界尚未达成共识.并且已有研究多聚焦制造业成熟情境,较少关注制造业方兴未艾的新兴国家情境中服务型制造的发展问题.本研究在产品与服务内在联系梳理的基础上,识别制造企业发展服务型制造的内在优势.从规模和范围两方面出发,探讨产品与服务替代与互补的内在张力,以及发展服务型制造"既要授人以渔又要授人以鱼"的内在逻辑.通过案例研究方法,基于制造企业行业技术领先程度不同,初步提出我国发展服务型制造的现实路径,以期为我国发展服务型制造提供实践参考.     

Non-Uniform Doo-Sabin Subdivision Surface via Eigen Polygon

This paper constructs a new non-uniform Doo-Sabin subdivision scheme via eigen polygon.The authors proved that the limit surface is always convergent and is G1 continuous for any valence and any positive knot intervals under a minor assumption, that λ is the second and third eigenvalues of the subdivision matrix. And then, a million of numerical experiments are tested with randomly selecting positive knot intervals, which verify that our new subdivision scheme satisfies the assumption.However this is not true for the other two existing non-uniform Doo-Sabin schemes in Sederberg, et al.(1998), Huang and Wang(2013). In additional, numerical experiments indicate that the quality of the new limit surface can be improved.     

中国手语的羡余性及对手语翻译的启示

羡余性被认为是语言的一大本质属性,手语也具有羡余性.与汉语的羡余性相比,中国手语的羡余性主要有三方面的特点,一是兼具时间线条性和空间共时性的呈现特点,二是常常体现出汉语对中国手语的接触影响作用,三是与手语的表义特点有关.在汉语手译时,可利用增译和加注、表情和口动等羡余手段以处理汉语生僻词、新生词和难解词的翻译,以完足语义,减少歧义;还应简省处理汉语的羡余表达,以达到最佳翻译效果;另外,在手语汉译时需要增加必要的羡余信息以符合汉语表达习惯.     

基于科技查新数据的用户拓展及其关联聚类

科技查新用户数据是查新业务积累的真实而宝贵的资源,其充分利用不仅是查新业务管理的需要,可提升查新服务水平,同时还能用于挖掘更多的情报价值.调研发现,当前对科技查新用户数据的挖掘利用仍以基础性的业务管理分析为主,而增值情报价值的挖掘较少.为拓展成都文献情报中心科技查新客户群体和增值服务范围,做大做强查新业务,立足成都中心查新服务实践,依托于积累查新用户及其服务记录,在挖掘发现潜在服务对象的基础上,通过多维用户关联聚类,探讨了后期信息情报服务的精准营销与推送,分析了基于用户聚类的服务推荐存在的不足,展望了挖掘更多需求信息的推荐路径.     

产业价值链现代化高质量发展路径研究 ——基于"元宝曲线"的视角

遵循"微笑曲线"和"倒微笑曲线"理论的企业仅聚焦于产业价值链的某一环节获得竞争力,最终要步入差异化内涵的专业化发展路径:遵循"微笑曲线"的企业步入研发、品牌化的路径,而遵循"倒微笑曲线"的企业步入制造专业化的路径.这两种模式皆具有价值创造模式唯一化和高附加值赢利点单一化的弊端.在工业互联网、大数据、云计算等新一代信息技术的影响下,"微笑曲线"逐步发生变化,进一步升级为"元宝曲线"."元宝曲线"集合了"微笑曲线"和"倒微笑曲线"的长处,并在此基础上逐步实现研发专业化、制造专业化、品牌专业化三者的价值融合和价值共生,进而极大地推动企业盈利模式的丰富化和多样化.企业若能在研发、制造、营销三个环节运用创新技术,且相互联系,彼此促进,便可不断提高价值链的整体竞争力,进而逐步增加企业的盈利点、价值分布点,依靠有关不同业务间的密切协同来最终实现"1+1>2"的企业价值最大化目标,进而为企业探索管理运作、经营业务的优化组合提供较佳的理论工具."元宝曲线"的价值创造理念折射出企业未来的经营理念和产业发展方向,其主要体现为推动企业陆续实现价值的多元化经营,不断创造一系列的赢利点,进而在产业价值链的全链条上实现高附加值、高利润率的增长点.苹果公司的价值创造模式就折射出"元宝曲线"的特征,这主要体现为其在专业化和品牌化之间进行有效集成,依靠研发创新的强化、品牌形象的塑造、音乐商店加软件商业业务模式来不断塑造价值链多元化的增长点,从而追求企业价值最大化.华为公司的价值创造模式聚焦于为客户创造价值的硬件产品开发、品牌形象带来的固定客流量以及与安卓系统合作而形成的软件商业生态系统.华为公司若要塑造自主控制、高度协同的"元宝曲线",必须在继续重视研发、品牌的基础上,打造自身掌控自主产权的软件生态系统,进而塑造由自身控制的完整化、系统化、动态化的产业链结构.     

考虑保障装备可用度的舰载机作业调度优化

为了在保证较高水平的保障可用度前提下提高舰载机出动效率, 提出一种支持可用度约束的统计优化模型及其对应的启发式求解算法。能够同时生成舰载机的保障作业调度方案和保障装备计划性维护的时间安排, 并通过基于仿真的优化方式, 在启发算法的适应度评价中增加对视情维修和事后维修的仿真, 提高了舰载机作业调度方案的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明，所提算法能够提供一个稳定可靠的基准调度方案, 避免不必要的重调度。     

双向认知网络物理层安全策略建模及仿真研究

为提高移动通信系统的性能,构建了一个存在主网络干扰和窃听者的双向认知中继网络的物理层安全传输模型,设计了一种中继选择和功率分配的联合优化策略,用于对抗窃听者,保护收发节点的信息传输。通过仿真分析得出,此非凸优化问题限制条件较多,难以保证粒子群优化算法随机生成的初始解的可行性,从而造成求解困难。提出了一种基于可变网格优化和粒子群优化算法的混合优化算法。仿真结果表明此算法提高了次级网络的保密速率,提升了次级网络的安全性能。     

De Casteljau Algorithm and Degree Elevation of Toric Surface Patches

De Casteljau algorithm and degree elevation of Bézier and NURBS curves/surfaces are two important techniques in computer aided geometric design. This paper presents the de Casteljau algorithm and degree elevation of toric surface patches, which include tensor product and triangular rational Bézier surfaces as special cases. Some representative examples of toric surface patches with common shapes are illustrated to verify these two algorithms. Moreover, the authors also apply the degree elevation of toric surface patches to isogeometric analysis. And two more examples show the effectiveness of proposed method.     

Comparison of Travel Mode Choice Between Taxi and Subway Regarding Traveling Convenience

In this study, we investigate travel mode choice behavior between taxi and subway with an emphasis on the influence of traveling convenience. In the first stage, we examine the Origin-Destination(OD) points of Beijing taxi trips and compare these locations with the respective nearest subway station. Statistics reveal several interesting conclusions. First, for approximately 24.89% of all trips, no convenient subway connections exist between the OD pairs. As such, a taxi becomes the only viable choice. Second, for 80.23% of the remaining 75.11%of trips(equivalent to 60.26% of all trips), access distance from either the origin or the destination to the nearest subway station is greater than 500 meters. This phenomenon indicates that walking distance plays an important role in travel mode choice. In the second stage, we examine groups of taxi trips with similar travel distances and travel times to reveal common features. We establish a preference rule in terms of travel distance and travel time.This determines whether an individual driver will take a taxi or the subway, using a pairwise comparison-based preference regression model. Tests indicate that more than 95% of taxi trips can be correctly predicted by this preference rule. This conclusion reveals that traveling convenience dominates the travel model choice between taxi and subway. All these findings shed light on the factors that influence travel mode choice behavior.     

Blockage of the NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 improves anti-tumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical innate immune pathway responsible for producing active interleukin (IL)-1β, which is associated with tumor development and immunity. However, the mechanisms regulating the inflammatory microenvironment, tumorigenesis and tumor immunity are unclear. Herein, we show that the NLRP3 inflammasome was over-expressed in human HNSCC tissues and that the IL-1β concentration was increased in the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients. Additionally, elevated NLRP3 inflammasome levels were detected in tumor tissues of Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO HNSCC mice, and elevated IL-1β levels were detected in the peripheral blood serum, spleen, draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues. Blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation using MCC950 remarkably reduced IL-1β production in an HNSCC mouse model and reduced the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation increased the numbers of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in HNSCC mice. Notably, the numbers of exhausted PD-1⁺ and Tim3⁺ T cells were significantly reduced. A human HNSCC tissue microarray showed that NLRP3 inflammasome expression was correlated with the expression of CD8 and CD4, the Treg marker Foxp3, the MDSC markers CD11b and CD33, and the TAM markers CD68 and CD163, PD-1 and Tim3. Overall, our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway promotes tumorigenesis in HNSCC and inactivation of this pathway delays tumor growth, accompanied by decreased immunosuppressive cell accumulation and an increased number of effector T cells. Thus, inhibition of the tumor microenvironment through the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway may provide a novel approach for HNSCC therapy.